...2012 Animal Experimentation Experimentation done on animals is considered unethical, for some people at least. Not only do animals suffer while being experimented on, they often at times undergo vivisection. Vivisection, in the strictest sense, is the partial or complete dissection of live animals for research purposes (Monamy 6). If humans consider it wrong to inflict pain unnecessarily to other humans, then it should also be unnecessary to inflict pain onto animals. Animals breathe, eat, drink, excreta, reproduce, and can feel pain just as humans can. All animals (including human beings) must be treated identically, for each species has capacities and needs that are peculiar to it and deserve to be taken into account (Fox 64). Animals have sentient just as humans do. A sentient animal not only has an awareness of its surroundings but is capable of experiencing pain (Monamy 6). A quantum extension of ethics was proposed when Peter Singer asserted in Animal Liberation (1975) that moral consideration must transcend the species boundary to include all sentient animals (Monamy 40). Because animals experience pain just as humans do, a law should be passed where experiments on animals should be interdicted. While it has been proven that experiments on animals has benefited humans in many ways, enough evidence should have been gathered from those experiments where animals are no longer needed. Cats, dogs, sheep, lambs, pigs, mice, and monkeys are just a few of the animals that...
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...Animal Experimentation has played a crucial role in medical advancements and medical training in the United States and around the globe for multiple decades now. In order for new medicines, treatments, and surgical procedures to be allowed legally, they have to proven to be safe and effective by government funded organizations, like the FDA. Animals used in research have been proven necessary for these newly founded medicines, treatments, and procedures to be brought into practice. For instance, kidney and liver transplantation. This type of research, animal experimentation, has lead the way for new drugs as well. While scientists search for a drug to cure Alzheimer’s Disease, my grandfather, William G. Jenkins, has passed away from the...
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...March 23, 2018 Animal Experimentation Nowadays, more than ever, people are raising pets. If you stroll around a park or even walk around the streets, we can see few people walking the dogs. In fact, there are many places that allow pets and there are even pet cafes opened in a lot of places. Dogs and Cats are the mostly raised, as well as some wild animals or insects as followed. In Korea, there’s a proverb stating, “A Dog’s lot in the happiest gall” meaning that, living life as a dog is better than I do. This proverb comes from how pets are spoiled under the master’s hand; almost like the babies, they get taken care of. But would this mean that all those people whom raising pets are like the...
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...What is animal experimentation and why is it important? The use of animals in scientific research has greatly contributed to the medical and educational progresses that were achieved until now. There is a long history of using animals in scientific research, along with it a debate concerning its moral and ethical justification dates back to the moment, when animals were first used. Attitudes towards testing on animals scoped from absolute acceptance to absolute rejection and this seemed to have logical explanation. Both sides had strong arguments. For instance, involving animals in research has a positive effect, resulting in increasing of human health standards. Experience obtained from working with animals helped scientists to improve their general knowledge of mechanisms of how do living organisms function. On the other hand, the remaining scientists claimed that methods used to obtain those results were not only cruel and inhumane, but the majority of them could have been done using non-animal methods. This essay will prove that animal experimentation is a necessity, having led to numerous breakthroughs, it will also provide information about animal testing and alternatives that are now used to make the use of animals less harmful. Animal experimentation refers to any type of experimental procedures carried out on living animals. Using living animals in research started long ago, in ancient times. The main aim was to satisfy the curiosity of scientists...
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...Animal Experimentation Over millions of animals are used in experiments every year. There has been a controversy between animal rights supporters and scientist; whether it is right to use animals in experimental research. The research are usually conducted inside universities, medical schools, pharmaceutical companies, farms, and commercial facilities that provide animal testing services. Most animals are euthanized after being used in an experiment. Therefore animal experimentation should not be done. It should be against the law. Supporters of animal rights believe that animals have an inherent worth – a value completely separate from their usefulness to humans. Animals surely deserve to live their lives free from suffering and exploitation. All animals have the ability to suffer in the same way and in the same degree that humans do. They can feel pain, pleasure, fear, frustration, loneliness and motherly love. Animal rights is not just a philosophy – it is a social movement that challenges society’s traditional view to all non-humans animals exist solely from human use. Causing animals to die for science, for the sake of trying to save human lives, may be considered to some extent if it will contribute advancement of science, and it will be to the benefit of humanity. People and animals are completely different in genetics, therefore it is useless to use animals in experiments to see the effects of some substance. An animal may react different to a substance than what...
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...Animal experimentation has been a controversy throughout the world; many people agree and others disagree. However, there is more research that shows that animal experimentation helps find cures for diseases, helps understand how the human body works, and on the development of antibodies and vaccines. Animal experimentation is very beneficial in medicine. “Animal experimentation has played a part in many major advances such as the development of antibodies, vaccines, and surgical techniques”(Source 1). Humans and some animals such as mice, rats, and chimpanzees share “physiological and genetic similarities”(Source 2) making animal experimentation tremendously helpful for further medical science. “Chimpanzees share 99% of their DNA with humans, and mice are 98% genetically similar to humans”(Source 3). Making chimpanzees and mice good candidates for animal experimentation because of their close genetic similarity with humans. Animals not only have been used in testing; they have also been used in the military and in space. “Since as early as 1948, animals have been used by the U.S space program for testing such aspects of space travel”(Source 3). In which include a variety of animals such as rats, mice, fish, crickets, and snails that have also been launched into space for neurological testing. Animals have also played an important role in the military. “The U.S Department of Defense used 488,237 animals for research and combat trauma training”(Source 3). Which included...
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...The Animal Welfare Act of 1966 is the only Federal law in the U.S. which regulates animal treatment in research and exhibition. The first animal tests were conducted by early Greek physician-scientists, such as Aristotle (384-322 BC) and Erasistratus (304-258 BC). Animals have been tested on for many years to find cures for humankind, but there are better and more humane ways of finding these cures, and these tests cause nothing but misery for the animals. Even so, there are a number of reasons that animal testing is a terrible idea. One of the main wrongs of animal testing is that it is inhumane. What it means is human beings killing other beings. In “Animal Experimentation And Testing: A Pro/Con Issue,” Geraldine Woods provides factual...
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...1) Could this type of research be conducted today? Why or why not? This type of research could be conducted today, but not the same way that they handled he Tuskegee Syphilis. I read in the chapter, that Human experimentation is considered necessary for medical progress. Both animal testing and human testing have been used successfully to further medical knowledge and conquer disease. Medical research almost always carries with it some degree in risk. Human beings cannot be used for testing purposes unless they consent to participate. Obtaining informed consent is particularly important in nontherapeutic research, or research that will not directly benefit the research subjects. Justification for all medical research is that the benefits must outweigh the risk. Medical researchers must abide by the standers for testing that have been established by their medical associations, such as the AMA and the ANA. The HHS implements government standards for research. The government requires that all institutions that receive federal research funds, such as hospitals and universities, to establish an IRB that oversees any human research in that facility. 2.) What should the public have done, since they knew about the study? In my opinion the public should have asked questions about the intent of the study, asked if the patients would benefit from the research and if they had given their consent for the research. Also when they didn’t inform the men in the control group that developed...
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...Animal Testing and Experimentation Imagine a small dog locked in a kennel for the majority of its life while being used for chemical and drug testing. Many die before they are saved by rescues. Riley is one of the lucky ones who had the chance to start a new life. At the age of three years old, Riley got to see all of the things that he never got to see as a puppy. He saw grass and the sky for the first time. He finally got to play with toys and run around with other dogs. He got a chance at a new life with a family to love him for the duration of his days ("Beagles Rescued From Labs In Bay Area, Nation After Being Used For Chemical Testing"). Animal research and animal testing is unethical and unnecessary, it needs to be prohibited or the laws surrounding it need to be stricter to protect the safety of the animals. There are many important aspects when it comes to animal testing such as alternative methods, how necessary it is to test on the animals, the similarities and differences between animals and humans, where the animals come from, and if it is inhumane....
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...BoWen Zuo Dr. Danielle Bray English 1101 2 March 2015 Pharmaceuticals Should Not Be Tested on Animals Various pharmaceutical companies claim that testing of their products on animals is indispensable because they require a complete living organism in the process of developing pharmaceutical products. Scientific evidences have proven that humans and animals differ with regard to metabolism, physiology, and anatomy (Portaluppi 101). Further evidences point to different reactions to pharmaceuticals and chemicals among animals sourced from different species (van der Worp et al). Consequently, it is impractical to predict the possibility of humans reacting in a similar manner to pharmaceutical products as animals. A study...
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...Animal testing for cosmetics products, medicines, and diseases should be banned in the country. The definition of animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, is the use of animals in experiments and development projects usually to determine toxicity, dosing and efficacy of test drugs before proceeding to human clinical trials. (biology-online.org) I am sure many of you have seen pictures all over social media of all the fancy cosmetics and soaps, but what you do not see is how they are tested. These products are tested on animals including, but not limited to, bunnies, rats, and monkeys. These abused animals are “forced to inhale/ingest toxic substances, subjected to maternal deprivation, deafened, blinded, burned, stapled, and infected with disease viruses”,...
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...Every year in the United States there are millions of animals used for experiments that harm or kill the animals in the name of science. They are harmed or killed by private institutions, household products, companies, government agencies and scientific centers. Doing animal testing is downright mean and animals shouldn't be treated badly or be caused pain for sake of human safety or experiments to cure diseases. Many people argue that humans are not necessarily superior over animals. Why should animals be treated as lab rats and made to suffer so that humans are safe? What is animal testing? What are the pros about animal testing? What kind of testing scientists do to animals? What is it used for and why are we doing this? According to About Animal Testing is a phrase that most people have heard but are perhaps still unsure of exactly what is involved. Whether it is called animal testing, animal experimentation or animal research, it refers to the experimentation carried out on...
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...out of every 100 drugs that pass animal tests fail in humans. Animal research presents a lot of conflict on whether it should be illegal or at least have restrictions. Animal experimentation is not only brutal but it is useless and definitely bad science. Animal research is very cruel. Animals are burned, shocked, poisoned, isolated, starved, drowned, addicted to drugs, and brain-damaged. Many animals die during research, whether accidentally or not. And the animals get to feel every part of it because painkillers are not required and often not used. No experimentation, No matter how Painful or trivial, is prohibited. (Gluck) Animals may not be as intelligent as humans, however, they do have nerves and emotion, they are conscious and capable of feeling just like humans. Even if animals do not think or feel like humans do it is still torture....
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...Animal testing is a popular and controversial issue that has sparked numerous debates between each side throughout the years. Animal testing is a form of experimentation that involves testing different products on all kinds of animals to see if they produce any side effects. These products could be make up, drugs, perfume, cleaning products and various other things. In certain countries, the law specifies that a new drug should essentially be tested on at least two different species of live mammal, one of which must be a large non-rodent. (Retrieved from www.buzzle.com on July 30, 2010.) The Animal act states that animals should not be used for testing of drugs if there is a realistic alternative available. However this has not stopped it from being done. Animals have been the test subject for anesthetics to prevent any pain or suffering during surgery on humans. Some of the testing performed on these animals has caused tumors and the results of the testing were found not relevant for any human. It has been found that a lot of the substances used in animals metabolize differently than they do in the human body. Therefore the results cannot transfer safely to patients. Lemon juice is one example of this finding; while it is not harmful to humans it is a poison to some animals. These tests are being conducted and are costing billions of dollars to perform and only a handful of them are providing any real kind of result. If you refer back to the question in our week two...
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...Every year, about 100 million animals are experimented on in the United States alone. Animals are used in biomedical research to test the effects of drugs, so that humans are not harmed by unforeseen side effects. Although it can lead to new findings, animals experimentation should not be allowed because it does not give accurate results, there are alternative methods, and it wastes resources. First, animal testing does not give accurate results. According to Michael O. Leavitt, former secretary of the US department of Health and Human Services, 9 out of every 10 drugs that are experimented on animals fail in clinical studies (Goodman, 2012). Testing a drug on an animal can only show about one fifth of possible side effects, due to the fact...
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