...Cultural consumer and copyright: A case study of anime fan subbing Carlo Valencia BSED 1st year Abstract This paper intends to discuss copyright infringement from consumers’ perspective through looking into anime ‘fan subbing’. Anime fan subbing refers to the participatory consumption in which avid fans copy anime (Japanese animation), translate Japanese to another language, subtitle and release subtitled version on the Internet to share it with other fans, without asking for permission from the copyright holder. The case study of English fan subbing of anime shows that this activity was guided by fan subbers’ own ethics that intended to support the anime industry by self-controlling fan subbed anime. Under the advancement of digital technologies and the increased global connectivity among anime fans, however, the existing ethics have become outdated and thus global distribution of anime is further detached from the industry’s distribution businesses. This paper notes the importance of consumers’ own norms and rules in shaping behavior of copyright infringement. It raises further questions on the relationship between copyright law and consumer ethics. Introduction Amid the rise of creative economy discourse, the issue of copyright is drawing increasing attention from cultural industries, policy makers, civil societies and consumers. Simply put, ‘copyright’ can be defined as a series of exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute a work of artistic...
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...recognition in America. Known increasingly by the Japanese term “anime”, Japanese animation is gaining recognition as a medium that appeals to children and young people. Anime has had an undeniable effect on American popular culture. For example, many children’s cartoons, such as The Powerpuff Girls and Kim Possible have begun to use an anime copycat style, “anime looks [were] leaping from the screen” at last fall’s 2 fashion runways , and Hollywood blockbusters either use animated scenes directly (Kill Bill Vol. 1) or borrow imagery from anime (The Matrix Trilogy). Though the effect anime is having on the visual style of American entertainment and fashion is easy to see, the implication of anime’s growing popularity for its country of origin, Japan, are much less clear. In the following discussion, I will report my findings on the basis of a poll, and take a closer look at the role anime plays in stimulating interest in Japan, and the ways in which interest in anime and Japanese popular culture are closely related to an interest in Japan. It is in fact difficult to tease the two apart from each other, since it is impossible to participate in anime fan culture, except at the very shallowest level, and not be exposed to other forms of Japanese popular culture and traditional Japanese culture, and thereby be encouraged to explore them further. Anime and its relationship to interest in Japan are useful to consider in...
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...The Effects of Watching Anime to Its Viewers A Research Paper Presented to Mrs. Julie Ann A. Ilagan Sta. Teresa College In Partial Fulfilment Of the Requirement For Research By: Karla A. Lara Angelica Lhane P. Guia Ma. Jeanette Contreras Arleigh Trisha Daniel Macarandang IV – St. Matthew Chapter II This chapter includes reviewed literature and studies that would lead the researchers to better understand the proposition and gain knowledge and data needed in this study. A. Review of Related Literature This part states topics connected to the statements included in the previous chapter. Several sources and references are used by the researchers in gathering more information and for the further integration of the proposition of this study. According to "JAPANESE ANIMATION PAGE (THEATRICAL & TV)", Anime Fandom was originated in Los Angeles in 1997. There are five types of anime, the Shonen, Shoujo, Seinen, Josei and Kodomomuke. They are not genres; rather they are labels which focus on a specific target demographic/intended audience. The first type, Shonen typically aimed to young boys under the age of fifteen. A lot of these anime have a young male hero and are commonly focused on action, adventure and fighting. Second is Seinen which are intended to young men between the ages of 15-24. This type of anime tends to be of a more violent and/or psychological in nature, though there are Seinen comedies as well. The third is Shojou anime. It is the female counterpart to Shonen which...
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...Anime: A little more than a childish indulgence When one thinks of the word “Animation”, the first word that arises within their minds is surely to be cartoons, in which they will conclude that all animation is for children. However if one pries in deeper and manages to see through the eyes of an experienced animator, they would understand that animation is more broad then they originally have believed. Furthermore, the focus of Japanese Animation “Anime”, can be explored in depth to show how its popularity managed to spread throughout the world beyond its origin. Anime in essence, is distinctly unique and easily distinguishable from “Western Cartoons” including the style of art, but most importantly the depth of plot due to the fact that much of Anime is influenced directly by Japanese culture. Death, angst, violence and the complexity of human emotions are frequent in Anime which helped its influences to stretch to adult audiences, broadening their market for all age groups. Some key models and figureheads of Anime include Osamu Tezuka, referred to as “the father of Anime” and Hayao Miyazaki, both of whom greatly helped achieve the success of Anime even outside of Japan. Conventions celebrating Japanese Animation is becoming more common, one of the biggest outside of Japan being Anime Expo in Los Angeles, the largest fan-base convention in North America with forty thousand attendees each year. Despite the variety of criticisms and hardships that...
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...Introduction The word Anime was just an abbreviation of the word animation. Moreover, Animation refers to computerized simulation of processes using images to form synthetic motion picture, also known as Graphics. In Japan, the word is used to refer to all animation. Outside of Japan, it's become the catch-all term for animation from Japan. For decades, anime was produced by and for Japan a local product, with a distinct look-and-feel to not just the artwork but the storytelling, the themes, and the concepts. Over the last forty years, as people recognized the uniqueness of it specially its drawings, animation and graphics, it becomes an international phenomenon, attracting millions of fans and being translated into many languages. A whole generation of viewers in the West has grown up with it and is now passing it on to their own children. Objective The findings in this study that have been based on my researches can help and also benefit people especially students. This will help them in the sense that it will enhance their knowledge about this certain topic. It will let them know how Animes created and work, and also in this study, it will let them realize how this first started before. Statement of the Problem This study aims to make students gain knowledge and determine their perceptions towards animation (anime). Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions: 1. What is the history behind Animes before? 2. How to create animations on an Anime? 3. Is...
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...A Brief History of Anime Michael O'Connell Source: Otakon 1999 program book Early Days At the beginning of the 20th century, Japanese graphic artists began to feel the influence of two very powerful Western inventions: the newspaper comic strip and the motion picture. With its word balloons and linear story-line, the comic strip provided Japanese story-tellers with a structure that was readily accessible to the masses. Soon, popular cartoonists like Rakiten Kitazawa and Ippei Okamoto were producing their own serialized newspaper prints. These would eventually contribute to the development of the modern Japanese comic book or "manga" In 1914, cartoonists were among the first Japanese artists to experiment with animated motion pictures. Japan's first world-wide success was Kitayama Seitaro's short film Momotaro(1918). Although the Japanese animation industry continued to grow slowly, its one, last pre-war milestone was Chikara To Onna No Yononaka. Appearing in 1932, the short film was the first animated "talkie" in Japanese. Elswhere in the world, the animation industry was not only thriving but breaking new ground. The undisputed leaders in the field were Walt Disney and the Fleisher Brothers. People now forgot what a shock it was for Disney to even consider producing a full-length animated feature. But, when Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs appeared in 1937 to overwhelming popular acclaim, Disney demonstrated that animation could be just as expressive and viable a medium...
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...American and Japanese anime or animation in general have consumed over two billion fans but that's not that start of our conversation. Our conversation today is centered around the main differences between American and Japanese anime. A lot of controversy today in the anime community is centered around the two powerhouse “brands” of animation and which country does it better. It's much more than who does it better it's more of who has the better fan base.That being said, then why do fans differentiate the two and why do the have such a harsh rivalry. Well the big fight is over the style of which how both countries make their anime. Fans are actually divide like Republicans and Democrats over how certain aspects of how the anime is supposed to look. Anime is very popular today because people attend anime conventions. In anime conventions many people of different ethnicities can enjoy the view of what's going on. They can buy a number of merchandise that usually appears to be manga, figurines, dvds, and etc. People can participate in various events such as panels, art shows and video screenings. There is more than a handful to choose from. Anime Expo known in America is the biggest convention to date and all sorts of ethnicities are always welcome to...
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...Anime is commonly defined as animation originating in Japan. (アニメ?, an abbreviated pronunciation in Japanese of "animation", pronounced [anime] ( listen) in Japanese, but typically /ˈænɨmeɪ/ ( listen) or /ˈɑnimeɪ/ in English.) The definition sometimes changes depending on the context.[1] In English-speaking countries, anime is also referred to as "Japanese animation".[2] While the earliest known Japanese animation dates to 1917,[3] and many original Japanese cartoons were produced in the ensuing decades, the characteristic anime style developed in the 1960s—notably with the work of Osamu Tezuka—and became known outside Japan in the 1980s. Anime, like manga, has a large audience in Japan and recognition throughout the world. Distributors can release anime via television broadcasts, directly to video, or theatrically, as well as online. Both hand-drawn and computer-animated anime exist. It is used in television series, films, video, video games, commercials, and internet-based releases, and represents most, if not all, genres of fiction. As the market for anime increased in Japan, it also gained popularity in East and Southeast Asia. Anime is currently popular in many different regions around the world.[citation needed] Contents [hide] 1 History 2 Terminology 2.1 Word usage 2.2 Synonyms 3 Visual characteristics 3.1 Character design 3.1.1 Proportions 3.1.2 Eye styles 3.1.3 Facial expressions 3.2 Animation technique 4 Distribution 4.1 Broadcasting 4.2 Influence on...
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...Running head: ANIME Teenagers today are so obsessed to Anime because it does not only entertain and communicates with them; it also reflects their own problems and struggles in life. Jimenez, Mariannel C. School of Languages, Humanities and Social Studies Mapua Institute of Technology December 04, 2015 Anime Research Paper: Teenagers today are so obsessed to Anime because it does not only entertain and communicates with them; it also reflects their own problems and struggles in life. Anime is a big part of Japanese culture, with its popularity having also spread worldwide. It has been the most popular and victorious entertainment ever since, it is translated to different languages to be spread all over the world (Wikipedia, 2007). Teenagers today are so obsessed to anime because of the wide range of genres that enables them to choose which one they would like to watch. Teenagers enjoys’ watching anime because it gives them joy and it serves as an alternative to their problems and struggles in life. What Anime is “Japanese anime are animated productions featuring hand drawn or computer animation” (Wikipedia, 2015). The word anime can slightly vary depending on where you are. If you are in Japan, anime refers to the shortened form of romaji animashon but if you are outside Japan, anime refers to the kind of animation that is from Japan which is characterized by fantasy, vibrant characters, colorful grahics, and over acting scenes. In simpler words, anime is one of many...
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...Running Head: JAPANESE ANIMATION 1 LIBERAL ARTS JAPANESE ANIMATION 2 Probably all have ever seen or just heard about the anime. Everyone remembers the characters that differ colored hair and big round eyes. Works such as Sailor Moon, Dragonball Z, Gundam Wing, and of course Pokémon are a cult of its genre. I'm sure many have seen these cartoons, but never thought about what they are and who made them. I remember when I was a kid watching Pokémon after school and could not have imagined that the same Looney Tunes are completely different things. In my mind there was only one question: "Why their eyes so big?" Where did all these cartoons come from? To find the answer one must look no further than in Japan, the birthplace of Japanese animation, and the main source for all of this madness. Japanese animation, also known as anime (pronounced "ani-may"), is a popular form of animation in Japan, which is quickly spreading in the world. The major difference between anime and American cartoons is that unlike American cartoons, which are only watched by children, anime is popular among the Japanese adults and is watched by millions. The audience is not merely directed to children but to teens and adults as well. The same applies to Japanese comics known as manga. The origins of Japanese animation art are in the cultural traditions of this nation. Despite the nearly century-long period when the animation as an element of contemporary...
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...and the history that has been invested into "Hollywood" has definitely carved a permanent place in the books. So while having cartoons on that early Saturday morning that kids nowadays don't even get up to watch. It isn't necessarily a vital thing. Japan, a vastly smaller country with a different upbringing. They have never formed a movie industry that could compare anywhere near to American movies. Thailand, in recent years has become more prominent but otherwise, Eastern cultures just don't put out the volume nor quality that American films do. (I'm not saying Eastern movies aren't of good quality, I love tons of foreign films) However Japan did have something that was sparked by the creation of one of the most timeless characters in anime history. Astro Boy. In 1952, Osamu Tezuka created one of the most influential characters in animated history. As a young boy he was raised into a family that was rather well off. Luckily enough his family was well off enough that his mother would often bring him to the theater. (he watched Bambi, a lot) It was because of this, his interest and creativity grew and he would become known as "the God of Manga." Wars, they Affect Cartoons Too World War II was a difficult time for thousands, if not millions of lives. It was during this time that Tezuka-san took the opportunity to spread his manga. Selling them at bus...
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...Anime Addiction * * * Anime had widely spread in the whole world, its positive and negative effects are continuously being debated. 1.What is the history of Anime? 2.What are the reasons Anime Addiction? 3.What are the common positive effects of anime Addiction? 4.What are the common negative effects of anime Addiction? Intoduction A.Background information B.Importance of the paper C.Statement of the problem D.Definition of terms Anime addicton A.Reason of anime addiction 1.manga 2.video games 3.movies 4. anime series B. positive effect of anime addiction 1.culture 2.fashion 3.language 4.social interaction C.Negative effects of anime addiction 1.health 2.immoral activities 3.money disposal Conclusion. The rapid rise of anime has seen much controversy in this generation. We are bombarded with the popularity of anime where many people especially teenagers around the world were involved. anime Addiction is actually a very serious problem for it involves many people where only themselves can solve it. The history of anime began at the start of the 20th century, when Japanese filmmakers experimented with the animation techniques that were being explored in the West. The first generation of animators in the late 1910s included Ōten Shimokawa, Jun’ichi Kōuchi and Seitaro Kitayama, referred to as the “fathers” of anime.[1] During World War II, propaganda films such as Momotarō no Umiwashi (1943) and Momotarō: Umi no Shinpei (1945) were made...
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...line from the wanting to watch anime to needing to watch it. Our personal take on anime is we watch what we enjoy. And we truly like anime. But we keep thinking we should stop watching because it is childish. We purchase anime on rare occasions, and watch anime maybe once a week. Recently we have been watched a lot more anime than we should often since we found online site for anime. We’ve guess what we am saying is most of my friends and family "don't get the anime thing". Therefore, we end up watching anime on my own feeling something like a social outcast. Socially we am busy being as we am out of college, in a very exhausting job, trying to find time to date, into sports, looking into grad school, etc. we know there are others out there thinking the same thing. So what is your takes on this. Does anime become a social dysfunction? Portraying anime as a cultural thing can only go so far...I guess what they saying are "doing get the anime influenced". Therefore, we should end up watching anime on our own feeling something like a social outcast. Socially we are busy being as we am out of college, in a very exhausting job, trying to find time to date, into sports, looking into grad school, etc. Seems to that you’re only a casual anime fan, so were good. As long as we have a life that extends beyond anime, don't worry. When you start using Japanese words in daily conversation, sit at a computer all night every night watching anime, and withdraw from other activities...
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...Anime are Japanese cartoon TV-series. More than 90% of this TV-series are based on manga (Japanese comic books) like Dragon Ball Z, Pokémon, and Naruto. A few percent is based on games, a good example will be the short 12 episode TV-series based on the game Devil May Cry. The smallest percent goes to TV-series based on something different from manga and games. For example, Supernatural: The animation which is based on the American TV-series of Supernatural. Anime native language is Japanese, the TV-series are later created with subtitles with the language that demands it. Later on some anime are dubbed this means that the voice is rerecord to a language that demands it. To be able know which one is been watch subtitles or dubbed; the anime been watch will have after the name of the TV-series will have a short abbreviation of the language and the abbreviation of subtitles or dubbed. An example of this will look like Naruto (ENGDUB) this mean English dubbed or Naruto (ENGSUB) this mean English subtitles. There are different types of genres inside the anime, for example there is Kodomo (children), Shojo (girl), Shounen (boy), a great diversity for adults, and Hentai which is pornography. Inside the genre there are the normal TV-series genre action, adventure, supernatural, superpowers, romance, drama, and so on. Even though Shojo is for girls and Shounen is for boys they both try to appeal the interest of both sexes. Also there is a lot difference of this cartoon to American...
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...Watching Anime to the High School Students A Term Paper Presented To Ms. Inot Lourdes College In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements in English 2 By Justin L. Yu Bachelor of Science in business administration Feb. 25, 2014 Outline i. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………2 ii. Body…………………………………………………………………………………2 a. The effects of watching anime to the students b. The effects for the students who are watching anime iii. Significance of the study…………………………………………………………. iv. Objectives of the Study…………………………………………………………… c. Do Watching anime is important of not important to them d. The disadvantages of watching anime e. Finding a ways how the students prevent from getting addicted on watching anime v. Scope and limitations……………………………………………………………. vi. Discussion………………………………………………………………………… vii. Summary and conclusion………………………………………………..……… f. Summary g. Conclusion viii. Bibliography………………………………………………………………………. Introduction On our generation nowadays most of the students get addicted on watching anime or reading Mangas (a Japanese term of comic books). If a person likes anime too much, he or she will be called as an OTAKU(is a Japanese term for people with obsessive interests, commonly the anime and manga fandom.) Otakus follows their desire without thinking first. They also follows the anime series they wants. There are many factors that urge students to watch anime that...
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