...In fact, it embraces a large variety of beliefs and practices. The word “primitive” means representative of the earliest stages of human development, which no religions can actually be considered primitive. Most religions are not the exact same and do not believe the same things, as they did thousands of years ago. Over time, religions have evolved, developed, or adopted new or different beliefs, in response to ecological and social environments, and continue to build on the wisdom of previous generations. 4. Define animism, and give several examples of surviving animism in modern life. Animism is the belief that all nature is alive and filled with unseen spirits and souls that have feelings and can be communicated with. Animists see a soul or a self, existing in animals, trees, stones, rivers, mountains, heavenly bodies, seas, and the Earth. These spirits can be flattered or offended, and can either help or hurt humans. Some examples in modern life of animism are historic stones, fireplaces, evergreen trees for Christmas, the sacred black stone for Muslims, the sacred river Ganges for Hindus, sandalwood for burning in the sacred fire temple for Parsis, and pilgrimages to the graves of presidents and famous people by Americans. 5. Distinguish magic from religion. Magic is a term that describes attempts to influence the actions of nature through special practices, dances, rituals, and incantation. In relation to religion, magicians attempt to control nature for the benefit...
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...Inupiaq Religious Believes Inupiaq people are also known as Inuit or Eskimo. They religious believes are based on the concept of animism. Animism is a believe that centralize the idea of that all objects and living things or beings have a spirit or soul (In Alaskan writing is: Inuktitut: anirniq).Since they believed that everything have a soul they also believed that everything that happens around them happens trough the involment of a spirit or soul. This believes has an effect to the people to constantly fear of what they cannot see since they never know what kind of spirit or soul would attack. Since they fear about the spirits and the souls they always were trying to not offend them. The people has dances and ritual like haunting blessing to prevent the provoquing and offending the haunted animals spirits or souls that later on they were going to eat. In the community there was or is a very special person who contansly is in charge of dealing with the spirits and souls, but also he provided healing and advice in times of stress. This person is known as the Shaman (Angakkuq in Alaskan writing) which means that he is the central religious figure in traditional Inuit culture. He also could see and communicate with the spirits. He also has control over the spirits. He did this trough the power of talismans and amulets. Another believed of the Inupiaq community, but also another method of controlling and protecting against spirits/souls...
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...and the Chokwe Cultures The Batak are among the nearly seventy indigenous peoples in the Philippines. Their location is the northeastern part of the Palawan, a fairly large island of the archipelago southwest. Their name “Batak” is derived from a Cuyunon word which means “The mountain people”. This is because their traditional habitat was around the mountains. There are only approximately 500 Batak remnants. The anthropologists consider the Batak to have a close relationship with another Negrito tribe, the Ayta. They appear to be small, dark skinned and have short “kinky” or curly hair. Sometimes, the Batak go for hunting trips in the forest, a practice that has, according to them, spiritual and economic value. Their system of belief is animism, a belief that no separation exists between the physical and spiritual world, spirits/souls exist in human and in various animals, mountains, plants or other elements of natural environment. Some spirits, known as “panyeon”, are collectively suspicious of human beings but tolerate them under the conditions that the people don’t waste or abuse the resources in the forests. Other spirits, known as “Diwata”, are collectively benevolent. All the spirits are capricious. Batak make offerings regularly to these spirits, while Shamans are taken through spiritual possession to enable them to communicate with these spirits and bring healing to the sick. The Chokwe, who are believed to be the descendants of pygmies are situated in the southern part...
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...people decided to personalize them thus giving names to things such as the sun, the moon, and so on. “They also began to describe the activities of these forces with tales that eventually became mythology” (1). Muller became convinced that he found the key to origin of all religions: “Primitive” people identify the forces in nature, personify them, created myths to describe their activities, and eventually developed pantheons and religions around them” (1). The third theory is a completely different approach to the origin of religion called the theory of original monotheism. Wilhelm Schmidt disagreed with the animistic theories and came up with a new one that stated “although the predominant form of religion for these ‘primitives’ was animism or...
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...PAGTALAKAY SA IBA’T IBANG URI NG TEKNIK SA PAG-AARAL Isang Konseptong Papel na Iniharap kay Propesor Vilma A. Malabuyoc Klaster ng Filipino Malayan Colleges Laguna Cabuyao, Laguna Bilang Pagtupad sa Pangangailangan para sa Filipino 002 Pagbasa at Pagsulat Tungo sa Pananaliksik Ipinasa nina: Magana, Melvin B. Umambac, Gene Roy B. Ika – 2 Semestre, 2013-2014 PAGPUPUNTOS SA PANANALIKSIK Lider : Umambac, Gene Roy Miyembro : Magana, Melvin Programa/Seksyon : CE/ B11 Batayan sa Paggrado ng Sulatin A. Pormat 35% B. Nilalaman 50% C. Mekaniks 15% TOTAL Batayan sa Paggrado ng Pasalitang Pagsusulit (Oral Defense) A. Kakayahang sumagot sa katanungan 40% B. Presentasyon 30% C. Kalinawan ng pagsasalita 10% D. Tinig 10% E. Personalidad 10% TOTAL BUOD NG MARKA KABUUANG MARKA PASULAT 60% ____________ PASALITA 40% ____________ Inaprubahan ni: ___________________ PASASALAMAT Taus-pusong pasasalamat ang ipinaaabot ng mga mananaliksik sa mga sumusunod na indibidwal at tanggapan dahil sa mahahalagang tulong , kontribusyon at/o suporta tungo sa matagumpay na katuparan ng pananaliksik na ito: * Kay Propesor Vilma A. Malabuyoc, ang kanilang butihing guro...
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...FAKTOR – FAKTOR ISLAM BERKEMBANG PESAT DI NUSANTARA Impak Hubungan Islam – Barat Ketidaksukaan masyarakat Barat terhadap Islam lebih kerana the ignorance of Islam dan ini akan semakin berkurang. Umat Islam di Barat akan menjadi komunikasi yang efektif dan duta-duta yang handal untuk menjelaskan dan memperlihatkan wajah Islam yang sesungguhnya di sana. Melalui mereka, nasib umat Islam diluar Barat akan disuarakan dan penderitaan demi penderitaan negara-negara Muslim akibat dominasi Barat yang kebanyakannya bijak yang tidak adil akan berkurang. Akibat dari ajaran Islam yang semakin tersebar di Barat dan suara politik kaum Muslimin semakin kuat, jambatan untuk terciptanya saling pemahaman dan pengertian akan semakin kondusif dan menguat. Islam dan Barat mudah-mudahan akan masuk ke dalam sebuah equilibrium sejarah baru yang lebih adil, lebih fair dan lebih demokratis . http://moeflich.wordpress.com/2008/03/18/islam-di-amerika-keajaiban-bernama-911/ Perdagangan Penyebaran Islam telah disumbangkan oleh golongan pedagang yang sekali gus bertindak sebagai mubaligh. Ada dalam kalangan mereka adalah golongan ulama dan golongan sufi. Walaupun pada peringkat awal tumpuan perdagangan ialah dengan negara China, akan tetapi pedagang-pedagang terpaksa singgah berbulan-bulan lamanya di pelabuhan-pelabuhan Kepulauan Melayu untuk menunggu angin yang sesuai untuk meneruskan pelayaran ke China atau untuk pulang ke Tanah Arab. Dalam jangka masa yang panjang ini, pedagang-pedagang ini mempunyai...
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...Academia Adventista del Oeste Is Jesus really just a copy of pagan myths? Andres D. Laboy Bible Class September 2, 2015 Introduction A lot of people criticize the Bible, Jesus and Christians, they speak blasphemies and every one of those people are wrong. I’ll be here saying what I think of the video, I’ll do it because it’s sad that they don’t accept the truth and look for other things. They twist things around. Body So is Jesus really just a copy of pagan Myths? No, of course not, Jesus is the real thing. There is history, there is proof that he existed. Pagan myths are myths for a reason. Myths aren’t real. People relate Jesus with pagan myths because they are similar but they aren’t accurate, they are not real. Like one of the pagan gods that people relate to Jesus is Krishna. The myth goes that Krishna was born of a virgin, but her parents had children before her and so the myth goes on. These myths just contradict themselves and different cultures have different views of them. Not like Jesus, Jesus is seen like himself, like a true person. Another pagan god that is similarised with Jesus is Horus. Saying that Horus has the same story, that he was born from a virgin and was baptized. That he became savior of humanity. Horus story maybe similar to Jesus but, its just not real; again myths are myths for as reason. There isn’t any proof he actually existed, there isn’t any actual evidence, but Jesus does. Historians...
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...Regal Carnation Hotel, Guam Depuis l’avènement du tourisme à Guam, lorsqu’en 1967 Pan American Airways a inauguré le service depuis le Japon, l’économie de l'île s’est étendue et diversifiée. Disposant d’un climat régulier chaud et ensoleillé, l’île jouit d’un potentiel attractif centralisé autour de ses activités en bord de mer. Présentement, plusieurs vols réguliers se font de multiple pays incluant le Japon, la Corée, Taiwan, Australie, les Philippines, les îles de la Micronésie et les États-Unis. Chaque année, Guam reçoit un nombre record de touristes. Selon le report de statistique de Juin 2009 fait par l’Association de Guam Hotesl & Restaurants, l'île a 25 hôtels avec 7,725 chambres d’hôtel. Sur Guam, le tourisme est le secteur économique étant en plus grande croissance. Environ 80% des touristes qui visitent Guam proviennent du Japon, sinon de la Corée ou de la Chine. Le taux d’occupation des hôtels sur Guam se situe entre 60 et 65%, et entre 80 et 85% pour les hôtels situés directement sur la plage. Une particularité de Guam est que la plupart des visiteurs ne reviennent pas sur l’île et donc qu’une majorité de la clientèle est difficilement fidélisable. L’étude de cas suivante s’intéresse à un hôtel en particulier, The Regal Carnation Hotel. Cet hôtel est un trois étoiles relativement neuf qui contient 150 chambres standards et se situe à quelques 90 mètres du bord de l’océan. Les clients du Regal Carnation peuvent utiliser les aménagements des autres hôtels...
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...Questions 1-3 (1) What are the central beliefs of animism? Animism was a prominent religion during the Paleolithic era also known as the old stone age around 100,000 B.C.E. Tribal nomads were the followers of this religion they were grouped in blood kin ‘tribes’ defined by lineage. These ‘tribes’ defined the territory they lived on and the separate areas occupied by individual ‘tribes’. The tribal nomad animists were hunter gathers mainly and live off the earth which ties closely into their belief system. They all worked around a short 15- 25 hours per week. What did this group believe in what was there culture centered around? Animism which is the religious belief that all living and non-living things have a spirit: humans are equal to deer as well as the rocks. Why does everything having a spirit make them equal? Well one of the chief beliefs of animism is the belief that all spirits are equal so if every single thing has a spirit this means all things are equal. All the spirits are interchangeable; your spirit can leave your body and another spirit can take its place. Maybe your mother is acting very angry and irritable? She has the spirit of a bear in her possibly not the spirit of your mother. Bodies don’t have spirits, spirits have bodies. So you may wonder if these tribal nomads are hunter- gathers and live of the earth and the plants and animals doesn’t that break their belief system? No, it doesn’t; yes, they recognize that the animals and plants they consume are...
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...“intellectualism” of theorists such as Tylor and Frazer, true? Explain. Throughout history there have been numerous theories to our origin as well countless questions and theories to answer such questions of our existence, why certain things happen in such a way or where we come from or where we may go after our deaths on Earth. Some of the earliest explanations of our existence in history are of the people within the Paleolithic Era through mythology. Karen Armstrong’s believes that mythology embodies the spiritual and actual world of the early civilizations; in contrast E.B. Frazer and Edward Tylor both believe mythology is separate of the secular world and more importantly an inferior belief system and was the predecessor of religion as well as animism. Mythos and logos, by definition have very different meanings. Both forms of thought were very important to people in early history. It wasn’t until more recent history that people began to view the two terms in a different light. In present day we (referring to the Western people) view mythology as tall tale stories involving vain and mighty gods and demi-gods. Mythos, from Armstrong’s point-of-view, was very similar to the practice of psychology. People used myth to make sense of their lives and wanted to know the cause of the events that happened in their lifetimes. Logos is a much more practical and scientific way of explaining the causes of events throughout pre-modern history. Logos needs facts to function and unlike myth, logos looks...
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...received my first indoctrination into the concept of God and religion. I will share my religious journey from a pre-teen youth, into my twenties, and to the present day. This journey consists of my religious enlightment through animism, superstition, and taboo. My religious travels have taken me from a young Christian boy, to an Islamic convert, to a man who sees the richness and beauty in those who hold religious and non-religious beliefs. As a youth, I could not grasp the understanding of the spiritual world. What was the difference between ghost, spirits, demons, and other beings that were invisible to me? I didn’t have an answer for that particular question. My mom always told me to live my life as if God was watching me. Marvin Harris speaks of this spiritual world when he talks about animism. “The basis of all that is distinctly religious in human thought is animism, the belief that humans share the world with a population of extraordinary, extracorporeal, and mostly invisible beings, ranging from souls and ghosts to saints and fairies, angels and cherubim, demons, jinni, devils and gods.” (Harris 17). Harris goes on to explain that religion sprouts from when people start to believe in one or more of these invisible beings. Animism by definition is the belief in a supernatural power that organizes and animates the material universe. This power of the unseen is so powerful that people live their lives in fear of receiving some kind of punishment are retribution...
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...why the term religion is difficult to define. What are the guidelines the authors used in choosing the religions covered in this text? Not every religion has a god that they look up to. The guidelines used by the author are they usually deal in some way with people’s relationship to the unseen world of spirits. They usually have a developed system of myths about the unseen world. They usually have a developed system organizing rituals. They usually have a statement about life beyond death. They usually have a code of conduct or moral order. They generally have attracted large followings. Discuss/define each of the theories about the origin of religion described in your book (animism; nature worship; original monotheism; the magic theory; and religion as the projection of human needs). Animism refers to a belief in numerous personalized, supernatural beings endowed with reason, intelligence and volition, that inhabit both objects and living beings and govern their existences. More simply, it is the belief that everything is conscious or that everything has a soul. The Nature-Worship Theory is that human beings first developed their religions from their observations of the forces of nature. This theory derived from Max Muller’s studies. Will Schmidt presented Original...
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...long and complex histories. While on the other hand Archaeologists main sources of information are likely burial sites, weapons, and tools. Archaeological results depend on the interpretations of the investigator. Therefore information we can’t say archaeological sources are trustworthy; we can only give credit to their investigation. 3. What do we believe was the purpose of the Cro-Magnon cave paintings? The purpose of these paintings is that they were placed on the hidden walls of the caves by priests or magicians before the hunt. It is believed that by painting the animals being killed or by retracing the paintings, the priests were hoping to predict the events of a successful hunt. 4. Define animism , and give several examples of surviving animism in modern life. Animism is the belief...
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...Introduction to philosophy Borislav Tsankovski - 09046631 Totem and Taboo, Sigmund Freud (1912) The teachings of Sigmund Freud have had such a tremendous impact on contemporary culture, but the opinions regarding his doctrine are dualistic and vary from total reject to faithful followers. Between those two poles are some people who try to keep a critical distance and try to identify what is really important and significant in his ideas. Freud’s ideas have a profound effect on modern men’s self-esteem and identity, because the modern man gets angry and bitter when someone touches their identity. On the other hand Freud show’s us deep spiritual movements or “currents” inside ourselves. Freud created a doctrine that meets the most typical modern desire – the desire to build the new image of man. I believe that Totem and Taboo is exactly one of those works which can teach the reader a lot of things about his inner and outer self. And that from that entire information one can derive a blueprint on how to read and recognize the basic truths which were there when human kind made its first steps and will stay with us till the end. That one should really think upon in order to fill in the bits of lost puzzle in time, space and matter, so that one day we actually know who we are and why we are. Throughout his whole scientific work Freud supported the understanding that man evolved from his animal state, because of the cultural and social conditions that came along with...
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...Religion Islam Indonesia is the world's most populous Muslim-majority country, with 88 percent of its citizens identifying as Muslim. Traditionally, Muslims have been concentrated in the more populous western islands of Indonesia such as Java and Sumatra. In less populous eastern islands, the Muslim population is proportionally lower. Most Indonesian Muslims are Sunnis. Around one million are Shias, who are concentrated around Jakarta while others are Sufi. Christianity The Government of Indonesia officially recognizes the two main Christian divisions in Indonesia, Protestantism and Roman Catholicism, as two separate religions. Protestantism Protestantism arrived in Indonesia during the Dutch East Indies (VOC) colonization, around the sixteenth century. VOC policy to ban Catholicism significantly increased the percentage of Protestant believers in Indonesia. Missionary efforts for the most part did not extend to Java or other already predominantly Muslim areas. The religion has expanded considerably in the 20th century, marked by the arrival of European missionaries in some parts of the country, such as Western New Guinea and Lesser Sunda Islands. Following the 1965 coup, all non-religious people were recognized as Atheist, and hence did not receive a balanced treatment compared to the rest of the citizens. As a result, Protestant churches experienced a significant growth of members, partly due to the uncomfortable feeling towards the political aspirations of...
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