Annotated Bibliography
Erin Deneau, Lisa Griffin, Jerry Luckenbill, Heriberto Rodriguez
PSY345 - Sensation and Perception
December 7, 2015
Matthew Will

Annotated Bibliography
Perception of Motion
Hayward, J., Truong, G., Partanen, M., & Giaschi, D. (2011, October). Effects of speed, age, and amblyopia on the perception of motion-defined form. Vision Research, 51(20), 2216–2223. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2011.08.023
Two experiments were conducted on separate variables. The effect of age was the first experiment, in which 68 volunteers ages 4 to 31 years old participated. The result was a significant interaction between speed and age on the perception of motion. The second experiment used 12 participants ages 7 to 25 treated for amblyopia. The results were consistent with experiment one. Motion deficits were most pronounced at slow speeds. The evidence presents typical development of motion-defined from perception depends on speed, slower speeds showed deficits in all participants.
Dobrez, L. (2013). The perception of depicted motion. Arts, 2(4). 383 – 446. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts2040383. In this article, the concept of depicted motion in still imagery is discussed. We may look at a photograph and, even though the subjects in the photo are not moving, we can perceive motion occurring based on what the photo shows. Some examples of depicted motion given in the article are images of a horse galloping and the falling man image used for wet floor signs. Nothing in these images are actually moving when we view them, but based on the position of the horse’s legs or the angle in which the man is positioned, you can perceive these subjects as being in motion when the image was taken.

Hidaka, S., Termoto, W., Sugita, Y., Manaka, Y., Sakamoto, S., & Suzuki, Y. (2011). Auditory motion information drives visual motion perception. PLoS One, 6(3). Doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017499
This article states the potential correlation between auditory stimuli and motion perception. Subjects were shown flashes of light, with periodic sounds being played off to the side, which according to the subjects, made it seem like the flashes of light were moving, although they really were not. The same held true when the subjects were shown multiple flashes at once with sounds being played. This led researchers to believe there may be a direct relationship between audio and visual stimuli when it comes to motion perception.

Perception of Depth
Nawrot, M., & Stroyan, K. (2012, April). Integration time for the perception of depth from motion parallax. Vision Research, 59(), 64 - 71. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2012.02.007
This article discusses the perception of depth in the case of motion parallax. The study shows the perception of depth from motion parallax are quick compared to the perception of depth from motion. The perception of depth from motion parallax can be demonstrated in 30ms. Motion parallax can provide a fast source of depth perception allowing the movement through a cluttered environment. The study used five participants and the results were consistent.
Anderson, B. L. (2003). The role of occlusion in the perception of depth, lightness, and opacity. Psychological Review. 110(4), 785 – 801. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.110.4.785
The author attempts to propose a theory which the visual system infers to stereoscopic images and its structures such as likeness, opacity, and the depth of an objects surface. The article notes that two important principles give a significant reason of how our visual system gives the ability to process the three-dimensional structural surfaces from either transparent or opaque surfaces of objects.
Welchman, A. E., Deubelius, A., Conrad, V., Heinrich, H. B., & Kourtzi, Z. (2005). 3D shape perception from combined depth cues in human visual cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 8(6), 820-7. Doi: //http??dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn1461
According to the article, our brain creates sense of objects through our visual perception and its use of its structures as a perspective, motion, shading, texture, and binocular disparity. Images captured during functional magnetic resonance imaging (Fmri) presented that different areas of the brain activate according to the stimuli presented to the viewer.
Perception of Size
Linkenauger, S. A., Ramenzoni, V., & Proffitt, D. R. (2010, January). Illusory shrinkage and growth: body – based rescaling affects the perception of size. Association for Psychological Science, 21 (9), 1318 – 1325. Doi: 10.1177/0956797610380700. Six experiments were conducted in order to find the differences in size perception. Typically, a person grabs objects with their dominant hand, which serves as a “perceptual ruler” as it relates to size. The object size scales relative to the size of the individuals hand. For example, a soda bottle appears larger when picked up by someone with a smaller hand. The opposite is true when someone with larger hands picks up that same bottle, the result would be that the bottle appears to be smaller.
Hill, C. S., & Bennett, D. J. (2008). The perception of size and shape. Philosophical Issues, 18 (1), 294 – 315. Doi: 10.1111/j.1533-6077.2008.00149.x. Visual cognition is in the eye of the beholder. It is known that objects with fixed properties and appearances can look different to different people. It is visual awareness of size and shape that impact how an object is perceived. It is widely accepted that one cannot identify the appearance of an object through the use of objective physical properties of eternal objects. This supports the theory that the same object can appear different to different people.
CONCLUSION
The human visual system is responsible for many functions such as the perception of motion, size and depth. Many studies have shown the perception of motion declines with age, and slower speeds. This perception is also perceived by the placement of objects, and how the objects are drawn. Perception of depth is influenced by several factors including motion parallax, and three-dimensional structural surfaces from either transparent or opaque surfaces of objects. Perception of size is influenced by scales relative to the size of a comparative object, and is different to different people, based on visual awareness of size and shape that impact how an object is perceived. The human visual system is an amazing system that helps us as human perceive motion, depth and size.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 3

Hidaka, S., Termoto, W., Sugita, Y., Manaka, Y., Sakamoto, S., & Suzuki, Y. (2011). Auditory motion information drives visual motion perception. PLoS One, 6(3).
Doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017499
This article states the potential correlation between auditory stimuli and motion perception. Subjects were shown flashes of light, with periodic sounds being played off to the side, which according to the subjects, made it seem like the flashes of light were moving, although they really were not. The same held true when the subjects were shown multiple flashes at once with sounds being played. This led researchers to believe there may be a direct relationship between audio and visual stimuli when it comes to motion perception. Perception of Depth
Nawrot, M., & Stroyan, K. (2012, April). Integration time for the perception of depth from motion parallax. Vision Research, 59(), 64 - 71. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2012.02.007 This article discusses the perception of depth in the case of motion parallax. The study shows the perception of depth from motion parallax are quick compared to the perception of depth from motion. The perception of depth from motion parallax can be demonstrated in 30ms. Motion parallax can provide a fast source of depth perception allowing the movement through a cluttered environment. The study used five participants and the results were consistent.