...Effects of Anti-dumping Measures A country that is exposed to dumping will benefit from the lower prices. The consumers of the importing country will have a larger consumer surplus since they have access to a larger supply of goods to a lower price. These consumer benefits will be lost when the importing country imposes an antidumping measure on the low-price imports. When the duties are levied on the imports the products will have the same price-level in both domestic and foreign market. When the price is increased in the foreign market the supply will decrease and the producers have to comply with an inefficient low level of output. The consumers in the importing country have to pay a higher price for the products and have less consumer surplus. Other customers will not pay the higher price and are driven out of the market, which leads to a dead-weight social cost (Howse & Trebilcock, 1995). Imposing an anti-dumping measure will cause all the consumers and industrial user benefits from dumping to disappear. The importing country will drive the dumped products out of the market if the anti-dumping duties are high enough, or the product might remain in the market at higher prices. If the dumped products leave the market, the domestic firms are able to raise their prices due to lesser competition. If an anti-dumping measure is introduced in a market where the domestic industry is composed of only one producer, it might lead to that producer charging monopoly...
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...Indian Shrimp Industry vs Anti-dumping allegation On 31st December, 2003, the Ad Hoc Shrimp Trade Action Committee (ASTAC) files an anti-dumping petition against 6 countries including India. The case was backed by the Southern Shrimp Association (SSA) of the USA citing dumping of shrimps by the listed countries in the US market paralyzing the domestic industry. Events and their impact on India and US were as follows: a) The US Department of Commerce (DOC) initiates the investigation and notifies the International Trade Commission (ITC) which approves the case and preliminary investigation and duties are performed by 28th July, 2004. b) There is a fall-out between the SSA and the American Seafood Distribution Association (ASDA) as it backs the import of shrimps from the countries to be charged. c) Vietnam, Thailand and Indonesia argue at them being wrongly accused since they export shrimps to the US at the market defined rates but India is in the docks. d) The Us position is that the 6 countries named in the case have grown their space in shrimp imports to it in the years and have captured about 74% of the import to US. e) For India shrimp is the major marine export with plenty of livelihood dependent upon it. f) MPEDA and SEAI forged alliance to not only develop the shrimp industry from scratch but also enable the value chain people with enough money from business through exports at the best possible price. g) The Indian association went against...
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...Policy Research – Implications of Liberalization of Fish Trade for Developing Countries Trade Issues Background Paper: The Impact of Dumping on Trade in Fisheries Products Nigel Peacock Project PR 26109 July 2004 Support unit for International Fisheries & Aquatic Research SIFAR Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, Rome 1 THE IMPACT OF DUMPING ON TRADE IN FISHERIES PRODUCTS This report forms part of a wider study on “Policy Research – Implications of Liberalization of Fish Trade for Developing Countries”, comprising five trade issues background papers and five country case studies. The trade issues background papers are dealing with the following topics: • Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary (SPS) Measures and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) • Ethical/Social/Eco Certification, Labelling and Guidelines • The Impact of Subsidies on Trade in Fisheries Products • The Impact of Dumping on Trade in Fisheries Products • Fiscal Reforms and Trade in Fisheries Products The case studies cover the following countries: • Bangladesh • Guinea • India • Uganda • Vietnam For a synthesis of the entire study including policy recommendations, see: Bostock, T., Greenhalgh, P. and Kleih, U. (2004), Policy Research – Implications of Liberalization of Fish Trade for Developing Countries – Synthesis Report. Chatham, UK: Natural Resources Institute. ISBN 0 85954 560-1. Copies of the various reports are available on the following websites: • www.onefish.org/id/225570...
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...research was done on the topic until pioneering paper of Finger, Hall, and Nelson (1982). The study focuses on the period prior to 1980 and revels the following: the number of antidumping investigations conducted in the late 1930s and the late 1950s and early 1960s are surprisingly large and comparable to the post-1980s levels of activity; most antidumping investigations prior to the 1970s were dismissed by the Treasury Department as lacking evidence of less-than-fair-value (LTFV) sales; by contrast, now virtually all petitions move on to the injury-determination stage of the process; the increase in antidumping cases since the early 1980s is related to the rise of multiple petitions—that is, petitions citing several source countries of dumping the same product in the U.S. market; in fact, the number of products targeted in antidumping cases has fallen since the mid-1980s; the proximate determinants of the annual number of antidumping cases are the unemployment rate, the exchange rate, import penetration, and a 1984 legal change that encouraged the filing of multiple petitions. Antidumping decisions and macroeconomic determinants (Mah, 2000) In the United States, domestic firms can file an antidumping petition under the regulations determined by the United States Department of Commerce, which determines "less than fair value" and the International Trade Commission (ITC), which determines "injury". There are many macroeconomic factors which explain antidumping decisions in...
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...A standard technical definition of dumping is the act of charging a lower price for the like goods in a foreign market than one charges for the same good in a domestic market for consumption in the home market of the exporter. This is often referred to as selling at less than "normal value" on the same level of trade in the ordinary course of trade. Under the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement, dumping is condemned (but is not prohibited) if it causes or threatens to cause material injury to a domestic industry in the importing country.[1] The term has a negative connotation, as advocates of competitive markets see "dumping" as a form of protectionism. Furthermore, advocates for workers and laborers believe that safeguarding businesses against predatory practices, such as dumping, help alleviate some of the harsher consequences of such practices between economies at different stages of development (see protectionism). The Bolkestein directive, for example, was accused in Europe of being a form of "social dumping," as it favored competition between workers, as exemplified by the Polish Plumber stereotype. While there are few examples of a national scale dumping that succeeded in producing a national-level monopoly, there are several examples of local 'dumping' that produced a monopoly in regional markets for certain industries. Ron Chernow points to the example of regional oil monopolies in Titan : The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr. where Rockefeller receives a message...
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...Transformation in Skid Row Skid row in Los Angeles, California, is home to the highest concentrations of homeless people in the United States. Located in LA’s industrial zone, the area has welcomed and ‘housed’ homeless individuals for centuries. The history of how this site has come to be started back in the 1870’s and has been evolving ever since. Skid row is a vital part of LA’s history and culture and will continue to evolve with the city. An important part of any landscape is function. Function is the purpose of any landscape and exists for a reason. Mitchell stated in his new axioms for reading the landscape that, “landscapes exist for a reason (Mitchell 2007, 35).” This axiom presents the idea that everything in the landscape had a purpose at one point in time. Landscapes transform and change over time in order to meet the purposes of the residents of the landscape. An example of this is skid row in LA. Although this area of LA might seem like a dump, at one point in time it had a function and its function and purpose has evolved with time. Skid row is located in the industrial zone of LA with close proximity to the central business district. This location is unusual for a center for homeless people for many reasons, but looking back at history has an explanation. When workers first arrived in LA they arrived by railroad (Skid Row Journal). A hub for seasonal and migrant workers formed near the railroad line creating skid row. In lecture a chart was brought...
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...况，采取怎样的措施来加强防范？已被指控具有反倾销行为的企业又应采取怎样的应对措施呢？本文首先阐述了目前中国遭遇国外反倾销调查的现状、特点，接着分析了国外对我国进行反倾销调查的影响和原因，最后着重论述我国应对国外对华反倾销的策略建议——构建政府、行业协会和企业“三位一体”的反倾销应对体系。希望可以加强我国出口企业的国际竞争力，加快我国对外贸易的发展和我国经济的发展步伐。 关键词：我国出口企业，反倾销，现状，原因，应对策略 A trial research on coping strategies for China's export enterprises with anti-dumping under the new situation Abstract In recent years, anti-dumping issue has been a hot topic in China's foreign trade. Chinese products have become the world's NO.1 target in anti-dumping investigations for 14 consecutive years. Moreover, more than 1 / 3 of the anti-dumping investigations is against Chinese products in the last 3 years. With the rapid growth of exports, China is facing the growing threat of anti-dumping. Particularly after the outbreak of the international financial crisis in 2008, Europe and the United States implemented trade protectionism under the guise of anti-dumping investigation so vigorously that anti-dumping investigation on China has reached an unprecedented heat and created great obstacles and pressures to exports of the Chinese enterprises’ product. Now anti-dumping has become an obstacle of Chinese enterprises that is insuperable but has to overstep. Then what situation are the Chinese enterprises facing...
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...Internet Piracy has become a hot topic as of late with all the recent cyber security bills being purposed in congress. Many companies that own intellectual property want these bills to pass, this will allow them to better defend their intellectual property against would be pirates. The three benefits to software piracy are the removal or price conscious consumers from the market, showing interest in the product, and give the owner company’s word of mouth advertising. Software piracy is a complicated issue, although the person pirating the piece of software is technically stealing, they are only stealing time and ideas. There is no physical item missing from the creator of the software. Software piracy is the unauthorized copying of computer software. Many countries around the world have copyright laws which apply to software piracy but the extent of enforcement differs. These copyrights usually surpass the practical life of the product (US Government). Today the oldest programs for computers have copyrights will not expire till the year 2030. These programs are forty years old, that’s a sixty year old copyright for a program that is about as useful as an ejector seat on a helicopter. The changes in operating systems, network environments, and user expectations generally make software programs out of date faster than the copyright runs out (Wikipedia). A law that has been proposed is the U.S. Uniform Computer Information Transaction Act (UCITA); this law is very controversial...
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...Art101 Assignment 8.1: Discussion on Contemporary Art Trends (Manjares) What trends do you see in art today? Have you found art that is being produced currently that speaks to your experience? Have you found art that has engaged, informed, and changed your view? The 21st century has witnessed the growth of many technological innovations that affect everyday life, such as the Internet and satellite systems. Satart is a new type of art that is done by a satellite. There is no brush or stroke done in this type of art. I think this is a wonderful way to capture art from all around the globe. At first I thought that art was just as boring as when you watch a move that had no action, but know that I have done this course I have found that art is interesting and fun to know about. As you explore for the facts it is like building a puzzle every piece helps you understand and to appreciate art. After this course I have changed the way I see art. Now I can see what the artist felt and what he was trying to express with the colors and lines. It has made me look at art in a different way like when I see a painting I like it seems to talk to me and I reflect myself in it. I have enjoyed this course as well as all of my fellow peers. Thanks everyone I have had lots of fun!...
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...To Be or Not To Be One of the Smart Kids In the article, Anti-Intellectualism: Why We Hate the Smart Kids, Grant Penrod writes how society stereotypes intellectuals and how their efforts are trivialized. He states that the football players are held up on a pedestal and treated as if they are gods, that they receive all the attention. Intellectuals are on the other hand are treated as outcasts because they are smart. That they are left out of all social aspects of high school. Or that they are labeled as “nerds”. Although I agree with Penrod up to a point, I cannot accept his overall conclusion that everyone dislikes smart people and the media glorifies celebrities that have no education. Or that we all make fun of someone because they are smart. In the beginning of his article Penrod tells us of how a high school football team won their state championship and that the same high schools science, debate, speech and academic teams also won championships. According to Penrod no one will give the academic teams the recognition they deserve, but the football team will get all the glory, the football players get a “virtual barrage of praise and downright deification. As for the three academic teams, they received a combined total of around ten minutes of recognition.” I agree that in high school the jocks do get the attention and praise as where the smart kids don’t because in my experience in high school confirms it for me. I saw it so many times. Penrod’s use of a...
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...Dadaism and Pop Art are two art movements from the same century and were both developed in response to war, one in protest and the other celebrating the increase in consumerism after a war. One theme shared by both movements was mocking the established art world. (Pop art) Artists from both movements used images from the street, the mass media, the supermarket, ready-made items, and present them as art in itself. (Pop art) Dada was an international movement starting in 1916 and ending in 1922 that started as a protest of WWI. Many artists were fed up and used their art as a forum to “spit on” nationalism and materialism, which they felt contributed to the war. Because of the war, many artists, especially French and German, found themselves in Zurich where refuge was offered which is where the origin of the movement can be traced to when Hugo Ball opened the Cabaret Voltaire in 1916. (Sniles) Within a few days the core of Dada movement was established with artists such as Emily Hennings, Jean Arp, Tristan Tzara, and Richard Haulsenbeck. (Sniles) There are a couple of theories of how the name Dada came to be with one being French poet Tristan Tzara thrust a knife into pages of a dictionary, randomly finding a name for the movement. (Dada) Officially, Dada was not a movement, the artists not artists, and the art not art and there was one basic rule: Never follow any known rules. (Esaak) As an early form of Shock Art, the artists used mild obscenities, visual puns...
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...Associate Level Material Appendix G Ethical Actions Worksheet Write a 100- to 150-word response to each of the following questions: • Was there anything in either the University Of Phoenix Student Code Of Conduct or the Student Code of Academic Integrity that surprised you? If so, what was it? Why were you surprised? If not, why not? From reading the texts outlined in the ethics game I am surprised but not as you think I should be. I am surprised actually that the writings should have been said. First of all, everyone that makes a conscious effort to attend University of Phoenix holds themselves higher than some of the dredges of society. Part of holding yourself higher would be to have the morals as to not do the negative things to coast through a class. Someone that does this has the potential to become the danger in their field of study. An example is a person plagiarizes their paper in their IT class. By doing this they acknowledge the do not know what they are exactly doing and could create a bigger problem in the long run. • What did you learn about the behaviors considered important for an ethical learner or student in the University of Phoenix learning community? Being an ethical learner and a Student in the university of Phoenix community is a lot more highly honored than I thought. What they said about if people commit plagiary; as a whole the community starts to fail. Holding ourselves responsible as an ethical learner is vitally important...
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...Factual Summary: Bobby Bandleader, a Bistro Operator refuses to pay for copyright song” Happy Birthday”. He has his own version of the song and is one of the main reasons people are coming to his restaurant. If he has to pay for all the licensing fees, he will be bankrupt. Mr. Singstealer has the right of the copyright song and demands fees from the restaurant. He is also not working and the fees from the song are his only income. Mr. Bistro is a customer for the Bistro restaurant and has been going there for years. He goes there because the food is “tasty” and the tradition of getting the “Happy Birthday “song, sung to him. Also his mother sung “Happy Birthday” every year to him, and he also sings the song to his children. Issue(s): Is singing a “Happy Birthday” song in public restaurant violation of any copyrights? Bobby’s own version of the classic “Happy Birthday to You” uses the same tune, but somewhat different wording than does the original song. Legal Concept(s): In accordance with title 17 of the United States Code 101, “musical works, including any accompanying words are protected within the copyright law”. The law goes on to say “The copyright in a compilation or derivative work extends only to the material contributed by the author of such work”. With these two basic rules in mind in order to come to a decision I would have to compare both Mr. Bandleader and Mr. Sing stealer’s versions of the song to determine how much material within the infringing song...
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...Modern Art or Modernism is the loose term given to the succession of styles and movements in art and architecture which dominated Western culture from 19th Century up until the 1960’s. Movements associated with Modern art include Impressionism, Cubism, Bauhaus, Surrealism, Futurism, Pop Art and Op Art. Modern Art rejects the past as a model for the art of the present and is characterized by constant innovation. Modern Art grew out of the Impressionist's rejection of the 'imitation of life' school of art. Their emphasis on the act of painting, on the paint itself, can be seen in the Expressionist and Cubist art of the turn-of-the-century. Modern art was also often driven by various social and political agendas. These were often utopian, and modernism was in general associated with ideal visions of human life and society and a belief in progress. From the 1970’s artists and movements began to react against Modernism and post-modernism was formed. Some different types of the movements in art are: abstract, action art, American realism, architecture, art deco, and art nouveau, Asian, Bauhaus, black and white, celebrity, cityscape, colorful, comic book art, conceptual art, contemporary art, cubism, cuisine, exclusive, expressionism, fauvism, figurative, floral, framed prints, Modern art and many more. There were a lot of movements in the art industry ever since the beginning of Modern art which started in the 19th Century. Surrealism is a style of art and literature developed principally...
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...Abstract Our research paper is based on the song “Happy Birtday to You.” Synopsis of scenario: An arbitrator who has recently been assigned to resolve a legal dispute between Bobby Bandleader, owner and operator of Bobby’s Bistro, and Johnny Singstealer. The verdict is based on copyright infringment that Johnny Singstealer had inherited. Bobby Bandleader vs. Johnny Singstealer Aferter investigatin and researching the song "Happy Birtday to You” sang by Bobby Bandleader, we came to the conclusing that there are copyright infringments based on copyright law. The song has been a copyright of Johnny Singstealer that owns them by inheritance. However, by 17 USC § 302 - Duration of Copyright: Works created on or after January 1, 1978, (a) In General.— Copyright in a work created on or after January 1, 1978, subsists from its creation and, except as provided by the following subsections, endures for a term consisting of the life of the author and 70 years after the author’s death. In this case since the copyright was enherited, and by law the right to make the work public has ceased after the death of the copyright holder. Copyright Inheritance:Certain elements of copyright can be inherited. Copyright can be inherited by natural persons, but not by companies. Copyright can be inherited by will or by law. After the author's death, some of the rights included in the copyright are inherited by his or her heirs, who re entitled to use them. This applies for all intangible rights, except: ...
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