Premium Essay

Apothecary Research Paper

Submitted By
Words 391
Pages 2
Select a specific field in American medicine and analyze how it has evolved from its inception in the United States to the present.

One field that has greatly evolved from its inception in the United States is Pharmacy also known as Apothecary. The role of the pharmacist was only dispensing the medication. In 1850 to 1900s the pharmaceutical association began standardizing the field due to necessity. If you fill the same prescription in Boston and New Hampshire, you would get the two different medication with different formulations (Professor Dunne's lecture). Also, they didn't have to bill the insurance for the patient since everyone just paid for the medication due to its affordability. Also, their profession wasn't much profitable because

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Pharmacy Building Plan

...The Apothecary Compounding Center: Global Operations Management 7313 Term Project EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In an attempt to meet the patient demand for compounding services within the Memphis metropolitan population, we will establish the Apothecary Compounding Center on the campus of Baptist Memorial Hospital.  Our goal is to cater to patients in this area that need individualized medication regimens and want a close relationship with their pharmacist. As we develop our business, we want to focus on maximizing the safety and efficacy of our compounded products.  We will utilize the Professional Compounding Centers of America, or PCCA, in order to help accomplish this goal.  This organization offers many important benefits to compounding pharmacies in all stages of their development.  Our employees will be trained by PCCA, which will hone their working knowledge of USP <797>, crucial guidelines that every compounding pharmacy must follow.  In addition to training, PCCA will serve as our supplier, which will ensure quality products with which to compound.  Furthermore, we will have access to numerous formulas that are specific to PCCA, which will greatly benefit our operation.              The number of patients needing compounded prescriptions has risen in recent years, and we aim to capitalize on this growing demand. Our patient population will largely consist of patients from the clinics of Baptist, but we hope to expand our patient base to include anyone that could...

Words: 5227 - Pages: 21

Premium Essay

Benedict Arnold Research Paper

...I chose Benedict Arnold because I thought he would be an interesting figure to make a research paper about, and I would like to know why and how Arnold got the name of being a trader. Arnold’s life before he entered the war Benedict Arnold was born on January 14, 1741 in Norwich, Connecticut. Arnold's father was Benedict Arnold III and his mother was Hannah Waterman King, a widow, before her marriage to Benedict Arnold’s father. Arnold had two brothers and three sisters as well. The family lived well for a while, so they lived in peace. However, after some time, the family ran into some money problems due to some poor business deals. Arnold’s father then became a regular at the tavern and unstable, so Arnold attended school at Canterbury....

Words: 831 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

John Snow and His Influence on Public Health

...on the transmission of cholera, improved the mode of administration of anesthetics, and made advancements in resuscitation. He is considered a father of epidemiology, even though many of his concepts were not accepted until years after his death. Among those who have left their mark on the development of public health is John Snow, a man who is considered a father of modern epidemiology. However, many of his concepts were not accepted until after his death. John Snow worked hard and published many great works. In this paper, I will briefly discuss John Snows background, his works, and the outcome of those works. John Snow was the son of a humble laborer in York, England. Snow’s father eventually became a farmer and landlord after acquiring a sufficient amount of property. Snow on the other hand took a different path in society, becoming an apprentice to William Hardcastle. After obtaining an education from several schools, Snow became a licensed apothecary, surgeon, and physician. John Snow first encountered cholera in 1831-32 in Newcastle. It was in the London epidemic of 1848-49 that Snow proposed that cholera entered the body through the mouth. In 1849, Snow wrote “On the mode of communication of cholera”. It was dismissed for lack of data. In 1841, Snow published his first work, entitled “Asphyxia and the resuscitation of still-born children.” He made the premise that respiration was essential to life. He observed that lower temperatures enhanced survival. Snow’s...

Words: 550 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Colonial Virginia During the Seven Years War

...The Ohio State University, History Dept. Colonial Virginia’s Culture during the French and Indian War: 1755-1756 John Rodock History 3011 Emily Arendt Due May 22, 2014 Introduction This research paper contains an analysis of the culture in the colony of Virginia over the whole year of 1755 and beginning of 1756. Most of the research drew upon weekly issues of the Virginia Gazette, the only printed newspaper in the colony at that time. Three dimensions of culture were explored: Virginia’s involvement in the French and Indian War (which was beginning right around 1755), Virginia’s economy, and its religious affiliations. A section on colonists’ relations with Native Americans was also written, of which The Virginia Gazette gave detailed insights and accounts, but due to the page limit of the assignment, the section was omitted. Involvement in the French and Indian War In 1730, the population of the Virginia colony was about 114,000. The next 20 years saw an explosion of growth in population due to the increasing demand of indentured servants needed on plantations. Also, Governor Spotswood encouraged immigration to the outskirts of Virginia in the hopes that immigrant townships could alert Virginia’s ports of any possible attacks from Native Americans before their arrival. By the time the French and Indian War had begun, Virginia’s population had climbed to just under 300,000 (Virginia History...

Words: 2313 - Pages: 10

Premium Essay

Healthcare Ethics

...to offer health insurance. Leo’s annual salary of $30,000 allows him to purchase only the most basic of health plans, one that does not include coverage for prescription medications. Leo frequently must decide between medications and food, often opting for cheap junk food that is neither nutritious for his young family nor appropriate for a diabetic diet. Leo has recently applied for and been offered several other jobs, but at a lower salary and with no health insurance coverage. Recently, Leo’s diabetes has worsened. He has developed a serious infection that has led to lost wages and, far worse, the loss of his right leg below the knee. Leo is weighing his options. He has heard about a new clinical research trial open to insulin-dependent diabetics that pays $100 a week to research subjects. He has also been quite depressed and begun to wonder if his children might not be better off without him. He has several life insurance policies that would pay off generously if something were to happen to him, and he has broached the subject of assisted suicide with his long-time physician. Is there a way, he asks his physician, to have his death look like it was from natural causes so his children could collect on the policy? CHAPTER QUESTIONS 1. What ethical responsibilities do health care professionals have to their patients? 2. What ethical rights do patients have?...

Words: 9363 - Pages: 38

Free Essay

Contribution of Insurance Sectors to the Socio Economy Growth of in Nigeria

...A TERM PAPER ON GST 111: USE OF ENGLISH TOPIC: THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE WRITTEN BY: UWEM, HOPE OKON REG NO. 08/BA/IN/022 DEPARTMENT OF INSURANCE FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SUBMITTED TO DR. MRS. DEPARTMENT OF FACULTY OF UNIVERSITY OF UYO, UYO AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA. FEBRUARY, 2012 1. INTRODUCTION All human societies have medical beliefs that provide explanations for birth, death, and disease. Throughout history, illness has been attributed to witchcraft, demons, astral influence, or the will of the gods. These ideas still retain some power, with faith healing and shrines still used in some places, although the rise of scientific medicine over the past millennium has altered or replaced mysticism in most cases. The ancient Egyptians had a system of medicine that was very advanced for its time and influenced later medical traditions. The Egyptians and Babylonians both introduced the concepts of diagnosis, prognosis, and medical examination. The Hippocratic Oath, still taken by doctors today, was written in Greece in the 5th century BCE, Horstmanshoff et al (2004:7). In the medieval era, surgical practices inherited from the ancient masters were improved and then systematized in Rogerius's The Practice of Surgery. During the Renaissance, understanding of anatomy improved, and the invention of the microscope would later lead to the germ theory of disease. These advancements, along with developments in chemistry, genetics...

Words: 2661 - Pages: 11

Free Essay

Cvdvd

...Brief History of the Gold Standard in the United States Craig K. Elwell Specialist in Macroeconomic Policy June 23, 2011 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41887 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Brief History of the Gold Standard in the United States Summary The U.S. monetary system is based on paper money backed by the full faith and credit of the federal government. The currency is neither valued in, backed by, nor officially convertible into gold or silver. Through much of its history, however, the United States was on a metallic standard of one sort or another. On occasion, there are calls for Congress to return to such a system. Such calls are usually accompanied by claims that gold or silver backing has provided considerable economic benefits in the past. This report briefly reviews the history of the gold standard in the United States. It is intended to clarify the dates during which the standard was used, the type of gold standard in operation at the various times, and the statutory changes used to alter the standard and eventually end it. It is not a discussion of the merits of such a system. The United States began with a bimetallic standard in which the dollar was defined in terms of both gold or silver at weights and fineness such that gold and silver were set in value to each other at a ratio of 15 to 1. Because world markets valued them at a 15½ to 1 ratio, much of the gold left the country and...

Words: 9112 - Pages: 37

Free Essay

Love

...Commons, Philosophy Commons, and the Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Chapman, Heather M., "Love: A Biological, Psychological and Philosophical Study" (2011). Senior Honors Projects. Paper 254. http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog/254 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors Program at the University of Rhode Island at DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact digitalcommons@etal.uri.edu. 1 Running head: LOVE Love: A biological, psychological and philosophical study. Heather Chapman University of Rhode Island 2 LOVE Dedication This paper is dedicated to the love of my life Jason Matthew Nye October 4,1973 - January 26, 2011 3 LOVE Abstract The concept of love has been an eternally elusive subject. It is a definition and meaning that philosophers, psychologists, and biologists have been seeking since the beginning of time. Wars have been waged and fought over it, while friendships have been initiated and have ended because of this idea. But what exactly is love, and why is it important to define this enigma? In order to help define this idea of love, several books and numerous research articles were consulted, and interviews were conducted with faculty of The University of Rhode Island. Dr. Nasser Zawia was interviewed, in order to help understand the role of neurobiology...

Words: 8235 - Pages: 33

Premium Essay

Romeo and Juliet

...A TEACHER’S GUIDE TO THE SIGNET CLASSIC EDITION OF WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE’S ROMEO AND JULIET By ARTHEA J.S. REED, PH.D. S E R I E S W. GEIGER ELLIS, ED.D., E D I T O R S : UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA, EMERITUS and ARTHEA J. S. REED, PH.D., UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA, RETIRED A Teacher’s Guide to the Signet Classic Edition of William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet 2 INTRODUCTION William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is an excellent introduction to Shakespearean drama; teenagers can relate to its plot, characters, and themes. The play’s action is easily understood, the character’s motives are clear, and many of the themes are as current today as they were in Shakespeare’s time. Therefore, it can be read on a variety of levels, allowing all students to enjoy it. Less able readers can experience the swash-buckling action and investigate the themes of parent-child conflict, sexuality, friendship, and suicide. Because of the play’s accessibility to teenagers, able readers can view the play from a more literary perspective, examining the themes of hostility ad its effect on the innocent, the use of deception and its consequences, and the effects of faulty decision making. They can study how the characters function within the drama and how Shakespeare uses language to develop plot, characters, and themes. The most able students can develop skills involved in literary criticism by delving into the play’s comic and tragic elements and its classically...

Words: 7462 - Pages: 30

Premium Essay

Coca Cola

...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The research study was conducted to learn the localization strategy of the global beverage company Coca-Cola in terms of two of its marketing mix variables, namely, the product line and the distribution process. In the process detailed information was collected on products launched, sales and distribution practices followed by the company, the working style of the retail outlets that stocked and retailed Coca-Cola products, and to a limited extent the psyche of the consumers. In addition the study also uncovered initiatives taken up by the top level management and the strategies they laid out to enhance the company’s market share and sales turnover. INTRODUCTION Definition of product line: A product line is a group of products that are closely related because they function in a similar manner, are sold to the same customer groups, are marketed through the same type of outlets, or fall within given price ranges. The major product line decision involves product line length- the number of items in the product line. Product line length is influenced by company objectives and resources. Introduction of the company: “Atlanta Beginnings 1886-1892” It was 1886, and in New York Harbor, workers were constructing the Statue of Liberty. Eight hundred miles away another great American symbol was about to be unveiled. Like many people who change history, John Pemberton, a Civil War veteran and Atlanta pharmacist, was...

Words: 7137 - Pages: 29

Premium Essay

Emory Healthcare Strategy

...9-311-061 REV: JANUARY 31, 2011 RICHARD G. HAMERMESH F. WARREN MCFARLAN MARK KEIL ANDREW KATZ MICHAEL MORGAN DAVID LABORDE Computer rized P Provide Order Entry at Emory er y ealthcar re He I think the CPOE implementation has gone exceptionally well so far. T These CPOE sy ystems are all pretty immat ture at this po oint in time. I the system we are implem In menting, the m medication reco onciliation mod dule is awful; there are some other things that are awful, but, overall, g ; , given those lim mitations, I thin the CPOE s nk system implem mentation has gone very well g l. — Dr Bill Bornste Chief Qua Officer, E r. ein, ality Emory Health hcare1 La on the drizzly afternoo of June 11, 2009, Dr. Bil Bornstein, Chief Quality Officer of E ate on , ll y Emory 2 in Atl Healthcare lanta, reflecte on the pro ed ogress of the computerize provider o ed order entry sy ystem ntation. (CPOE)3 implemen mory Healthcare’s CPOE p project, a vital cog in a $50 million elect 0 tronic medica record initi al iative, Em began in 2007. Tw years late CPOE we “live” at Emory Univ n wo er, ent versity Orthop paedics and Spine Hospi ital, Emory University Ho U ospital, and W Wesley Woods Hospital i a staged r in rollout.4 Whil Dr. le Borns stein felt good about how t implemen d the ntation had gone thus far, as he looked ahead next m month to July 13, 2009, th fast approa he aching go-live date for Em e mory University Hospital M Midtown (EU UHM) (Exhib 1), Dr. Bornstein thou bit B ught about...

Words: 9620 - Pages: 39

Premium Essay

English

...|Word |Synonym |Sentence | |Abase |to humiliate, degrade, debase, corrupt, |Don’t abase yourself by accepting this offer. | | |disgrace | | |Abash |to bewilder, confound, confuse, puzzle, amaze,|That poor man felt abashed in the company of rich man & women. He was not at | |[uh-bash] |stun, leave speechless, bamboozle. |all abashed by his open admiration (প্রশংসা). | |Abate |to remove, lessen |We resumed our journey when the rain abated. Rather than leaving immediately, | | | |they waited for the storm to abate. | |Abdicate |to forsake, give up, (পরিত্যাগ করা, অস্বীকার |Edwar VIII abdicated the British throne to marry the woman he loved. Saddam was| | |করা), resign, relinquish, hand over, step down|abdicated from his throne. | | |from, abandon | | ...

Words: 27003 - Pages: 109

Free Essay

Learning Material

...ARTS TEACHERS’ GUIDE Grade 9 ARTS Teacher’s Guide Unit I WESTERN CLASSICAL ART TRADITIONS GRADE 9 Unit 1 ARTS TEACHERS’ GUIDE GRADE 9 Unit 1 WESTERN CLASSICAL ART TRADITIONS LEARNING AREA STANDARD The learner demonstrates an understanding of basic concepts and processes in music and art through appreciation, analysis and performance for his/her self-development, celebration of his/her Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and expansion of his/her world vision. key - stage STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of music and arts of the Philippines and the world, through appreciation, analysis, and performance, for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s world vision. grade level STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of Western music and the arts from different historical periods, through appreciation, analysis, and performance for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s world vision. CONTENT STANDARDs The Learner:  demonstrates understanding of art elements and processes by synthesizing and applying prior knowledge and skills  demonstrates understanding that the arts are integral to the development of organizations, spiritual belief, historical events, scientific discoveries, natural disasters/ occurrences and other external phenomenon ...

Words: 32535 - Pages: 131

Free Essay

Baking

...HISTORY OF BAKING On today’s market there is a never ending variety of the most delicious sweets and pastries to please both the palate and the eyes. We have become so used to this diverse range of bread, mouth watering pastries and cakes that seldom we ask just how they come into existence. I guess my initial interest in the origin of the baking industry was not aroused by accident; rather I suspect it was kindled by a chain of events occurring earlier in my life... My Grandfather owned a small hotel and bakery in Switzerland and when he retired my father who was an excellent pastry cook continued the business. As a small child I spent many hours watching my dad at work and later followed in his footsteps almost as a matter of course. Then again, I have a suspicion that it may have been “fate-by-design” that made me take up pastry-cooking. The question still remains, was my career pre-determined by the fact that my grandfather had thousands of letterheads printed for his bakery which included his name? The prospect of a hefty quantity discount would no doubt have made perfect sense to my frugal fore bearer; it must have been so much cheaper getting all this printing done in a big way. Grandfather should have realised (and I suspect that he might have) that there was not the slightest chance that any one generation could ever use up this huge mountain of stationery. Granddad’s first name “Fritz” was also my father’s first name and when I was born there was never any question...

Words: 19791 - Pages: 80

Premium Essay

Kotler

...reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: WMXDesign GmbH, Germany Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Foreword by Bayer CDs and DVDs, water bottles, sports eyewear, binoculars, helmets, storage boxes for food, car headlights, automotive roof glazing – these are just some of the everyday products that benefit from the unique properties of Makrolon®, a plastic manufactured by Bayer MaterialScience...

Words: 106805 - Pages: 428