...Associate Program Material Appendix C Rhetorical Modes Matrix Rhetorical modes are methods for effectively communicating through language and writing. Complete the following chart to identify the purpose and structure of the various rhetorical modes used in academic writing. Provide at least 2 tips for writing each type of rhetorical device. |Rhetorical Mode |Purpose – Explain when or why |Structure – Explain what organizational |Provide 2 tips for writing in | | |each rhetorical mode is used. |method works best with each rhetorical mode. |each rhetorical mode. | |Narration | | | | | |Used when storytelling is |Structured in chronological order, with a |It is best to try to convey | | |necessary, can be factual or |beginning, middle, and end |emotion in order to move the | | |fictional | |audience; Understand the | | | | |purpose of the essay before | | | | |writing | | | | ...
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...Yourself C in 24 Hours Previous | Table of Contents | Next Hour 1 - Getting Started A journey of a thousand miles is started by taking the first step. —Chinese proverb High thoughts must have high language. —Aristophanes Welcome to Teach Yourself C in 24 Hours. In this first lesson you'll learn the following: What C is Why you need to learn C The ANSI standard Hardware and software required in order to run the C program What Is C? C is a programming language. The C language was first developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at AT&T Bell Labs. Ritchie called his newly developed language C simply because there was a B programming language already. (As a matter of fact, the B language led to the development of C.) C is a high-level programming language. In fact, C is one of the most popular general-purpose programming languages. In the computer world, the further a programming language is from the computer architecture, the higher the language's level. You can imagine that the lowest-level languages are machine languages that computers understand directly. The high-level programming languages, on the other hand, are closer to our human languages. (See Figure 1.1.) Figure 1.1. The language spectrum. High-level programming languages, including C, have the following advantages: Readability: Programs are easy to read. Maintainability: Programs are easy to maintain. Portability: Programs are easy to port across different computer platforms. The C language's...
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...of computing. b. Pascal was created in 1970, and was originally designed for teaching programming. The language was named in honor of the mathematician, physicist, and philosopher Blaise Pascal. c. C and C++ (pronounced “c plus plus”) are powerful, general-purpose languages developed at Bell Laboratories. The C language was created in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie. It was intended for the UNIX operating system but due to its portability and speed it became wide spread. Now it’s taught in colleges worldwide. d. Developed in 1970, Structured Query Language (SQL) was developed by IBM as a language to query relational databases. e. Apple soft Basic was developed by Microsoft in 1977 for the Apple II computer. It’s now being shipped out on every Apple II computer sold. 2. The 1980’s a. Basica was developed by Microsoft for MS-DOS in 1981. It was created for use with IBM pc. b. Turbo Pascal was developed by Anders Hejlsberg in 1983 as an extension of Pascal. Turbo pascal was bundled with a full IDE, and was a great improvement in speed, and is often credited with greatly aiding Pascal’s popularity. c. C++ was developed by AT&T by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1983. C++ is an extension of the popular C language. It was designed to be object oriented version of C. d. Perl (Practical Extracting and Report Language) was developed by Larry Wall as a replacement of several command line languages. It is primarily used today for system administration and CGI scripts...
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...for much more then ten years. At the core, there is little more to it then finally applying the good programming principles which we have been taught for more then twenty years. C++ (Eiffel, Oberon-2, Smalltalk ... take your pick) is the New Language because it is object-oriented — although you need not use it that way if you do not want to (or know how to), and it turns out that you can do just as well with plain ANSI-C. Only object-orientation permits code reuse between projects — although the idea of subroutines is as old as computers and good programmers always carried their toolkits and libraries with them. This book is not going to praise object-oriented programming or condemn the Old Way. We are simply going to use ANSI-C to discover how object-oriented programming is done, what its techniques are, why they help us solve bigger problems, and how we harness generality and program to catch mistakes earlier. Along the way we encounter all the jargon — classes, inheritance, instances, linkage, methods, objects, polymorphisms, and more — but we take it out of the realm of magic and see how it translates into the things we have known and done all along. I had fun discovering that ANSI-C is a full-scale object-oriented language. To share this fun you need to be reasonably fluent in ANSI-C to begin with — feeling comfortable with structures, pointers, prototypes, and function pointers is a must. Working through the book you will encounter all the newspeak — according...
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...Steve Ingwer ET2560 Phil Keck Friday Evenings WHY C IS STILL USED The main thing that my research has uncovered is the performance and reliability Of C programming. Many have also spoken of the ease of use that C provides, Which as of yet I have not found to be true but I am still learning and these people were all experienced users. They have also brought to point the great insight into programming that C offers and the ability it affords you to learn another language. ( A computer language) C also gives the user a feeling of empowerment and control being that close to the “Bare Metal” of the programming process. Many programs written today are C derivitives such as Java ( considered a cousin to C). C is still widely used and can be used in standalone executables. It also compiles for every platform and every processor architecture. A major reason why C is still in use is the fact that they keep extending and rewriting C so it stays fresh and up to date. There is also a lot of existing software that is C and C++ and converting it to another programming method would be costly and take a great effort. C also starts from scratch and has foundational concepts that today’s concepts stand on. Major parts of Windows, Unix and Linux are still written in C. In order to understand some of today’s other computer languages, Such as the afore mentioned cousin to C, Java, one must first learn C in order to learn the other languages more easily. Many of today’s Device...
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... 1970s- PASCAL • Designed in 1968-1969 • Published in 1970 by Niclaus Wirth • Historically influential and procedural programming language • Intended to encourage good programming practices using structured programming and data structuring • Influential imperative and procedural programming language 1980s- C++ (pronounced see plus plus) • Statically typed, free-form, multi-pariadigm, compiled, general-purpose programming language • Middle-level language o Comprises a combination of both high-level and low-level language features • Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup starting in 1979 at Bell Labs as an enhancement to the C programming language • Renamed C++ in 1983 • Has imerative, object-oriented, generic programming features • Provides low-level memory manipulation • For use in embedded systems or operating system kernels • Is a compiled language • Available on many platforms and provided by various organizations 1990s- JAVA • Originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems • Released in 1995 as core component of Sun Microsystems’ Java platform • Derives much of its syntax from C and C++ • Has fewer low-level facilities than C and C++ • Applications are typically compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine regardless of computer architechure. 2000s- PYTHON • Python was conceived in the late 1980s and its implementation was started in December 1989 by Guido van Rossum at CWI in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language ...
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...Carnegie Mellon Course Overview 15-213 /18-213: Introduction to Computer Systems 1st Lecture, Jan. 14, 2014 Instructors: Seth Copen Goldstein, Anthony Rowe, Greg Kesden The course that gives CMU its “Zip”! 1 Carnegie Mellon Overview Course theme Five realities How the course fits into the CS/ECE curriculum Logistics 2 Carnegie Mellon Course Theme: Abstraction Is Good But Don’t Forget Reality Most CS and CE courses emphasize abstraction Abstract data types Asymptotic analysis These abstractions have limits Especially in the presence of bugs Need to understand details of underlying implementations Useful outcomes from taking 213 Become more effective programmers Able to find and eliminate bugs efficiently Able to understand and tune for program performance Prepare for later “systems” classes in CS & ECE Compilers, Operating Systems, Networks, Computer Architecture, Embedded Systems, Storage Systems, etc. 3 Carnegie Mellon Great Reality #1: Ints are not Integers, Floats are not Reals Example 1: Is x2 ≥ 0? Float’s: Yes! Int’s: 40000 * 40000 1600000000 50000 * 50000 ?? Source: xkcd.com/571 4 Carnegie Mellon Great Reality #1: Ints are not Integers, Floats are not Reals Example 1: Is x2 ≥ 0? Float’s: Yes! Int’s: 40000 * 40000 1600000000 50000 * 50000 ?? Example 2: Is (x + y) + z = x + (y + z)? Unsigned & Signed Int’s: Yes! Float’s: ...
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...Welcome to CS 241 Systems Programming at Illinois Robin Kravets Copyright ©: University of Illinois CS 241 Staff 1 The Team Robin Kravets TAs Office: 3114 SC rhk@illinois.edu Wade Fagen, Farhana Ashraf, Hilfi Alkaff and Mainak Ghosh Discussion Sections 8 sessions (Thursdays 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4) All sections in SC 0220 Copyright ©: University of Illinois CS 241 Staff 2 News and Email Announcements and discussions: Piazza http://www.piazza.com/illinois/cs241 All class questions This is your one-stop help-line! Will get answer < 24 hours e-mail cs241help-fa12@cs.illinois.edu Personal questions not postable on the news group Copyright ©: University of Illinois CS 241 Staff 3 The Textbook Introduction to Systems Concepts and Systems Programming University of Illinois Custom Edition Copyright © 2007 Pearson Custom Publishing ISBN 0-536-48928-9 Taken from: Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles, Fifth Edition, by William Stallings UNIX™ Systems Programming: Communication, Concurrency, and Threads, by Kay A. Robbins and Steven Robbins Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective, by Randal E. Bryant and David R. O'Hallaron Copyright ©: University of Illinois CS 241 Staff 4 Your CS 241 “Mission” Come to class Read textbook 20% 7:00 – 9:00 PM October 15th Final 3% 47% Longer MPs are worth a little more Midterm Reading assignments posted on webpage Homework...
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...Object oriented programming refers to a method of programming in which individual objects, usually called "methods" and "functions", are created and used in junction with each other to perform a function. These objects are organized within the program through use of things called structures or classes. A class is something we use to create a blueprint of sorts for a assortment of variables and components. Similarly, a structure serves the same purpose. The only difference between a structure and a class is that a structure's members are public by default and a classes members are private by default. Another form of "blueprint" used by programmers is the data union. While a union is very primitive in comparison to a structure or class, it is a good tool to use to conserve memory in larger applications. A union uses the same memory block for multiple variables at different points. While two variables in a union cannot be accessed at the same time, a union is a good way to re-use blocks of memory that would normally be left void after a variable is finished with. Now that I have covered the basic points of classes, structures and unions, I will go into more detail of just how powerful a class or structure can be. In basic reference, a class is simply a blueprint to something we create instances of later in the program. This is a very vague statement however, because in object-oriented programming the class is the backbone of the program. It is what makes the...
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...To: Rosemary Worth From: Re: misplaced trust on Kate Hoffman causing money loss issue Date: September 17, 2012 This memo is in response to your questions concerning money loss issue raised by Kate Hoffman and any related operating problems. After an in depth study of your company’s daily operation procedure and a situation that you are unable to step in a managerial role because of family responsibilities, I suggest you hire a new manager to take care of daily operation management, focus on 3-4 popular classes, shorten opening hours, and base commissions on performance. My suggestion is based on obtaining better management controls in the following three aspects. People Controls You trust Kate Hoffman so much that you let her take multiple tasks such as marketing, facility up-keeping, scheduling of appointments and record keeping. Kate was paid a salary plus a commission based on gross revenues just as other instructors. Kate might have thought that she did more work than other instructors and deserved more commission. When her expectation was not met, she lacked the motivation to handle multiple tasks and turned to an unethical way – stealing money from unrecorded revenue. If a new manager is hired, Kate can be released from administrative work and concentrate on her instructor job. Thus, further money loss can be avoided, and you can still keep the friendship between Kate and you as before. Furthermore, the newly hired manager can take place of the part time clerical...
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...Lab # 4 OVERLOADING Coding : using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace ConsoleApplication1 {//*********************************multiplication************************************ class A { public int multiply(int a,int b) { return a * b; } public double multiply(int a, double b) { return a * b; } public double multiply(double a, double b) { //1 argument type different OVERLOADING can be performed return a * b; } }//*********************************fraction************************************ #region fraction class fraction { int numerator, denominator; //field public void display() { Console.WriteLine(numerator + "/" + denominator); } public fraction() { numerator = 0; denominator = 1; } public fraction( int n, int d) { numerator = n; denominator = d; } public fraction(int n) { numerator = n; denominator = 1; } } #endregion //*********************************length************************************ #region length class length { int feet, inches; public void display() { ...
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...structured programming and data structuring. 2) SQL (Structured Query Language) designed by, Donald D. Chamberlin, and Raymond F. Boyce. The motivation behind this language was designed for managing data held in a relational database management system. ( RDBMS) 3) C, Designed by Dennis Ritchie. the motivation behind this language is structured programming and allows lexical variable scope and recursion. 4) Applesoft BASIC, developed by Marc McDonald, and Ric Weiland. The motivation with this language was it was designed to be backwards-compatible with integer BASIC and used the core of Microsoft’s 6502 BASIC implementation. 5) GRASS, Developed by Thomas A. DeFanti. GRASS is similar to BASIC in sytax, but added numerous instructions for specifying 2D object animation, including scaling, translation, rotation and color changes over time. 1980’s 1) BASICA, Designed by Thomas E. Kurtz. Designed to offer support for the graphics and sound hardware of the IBM PC line. 2) Turbo Pascal, developed by Borland, under Philippe Kahn’s leadership. This is a software development system that includes a compiler and an integrated development environment for the Pascal programming language. 3) C++, designed by Bjarne Stroustrup. This is a general purpose programming language that is free-form and compiled. It is regarded as an intermediate-level language, as it comprises both high-level and low-level language features. It provides imperative, object-oriented and...
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...Reusability of Code To be able to compare and contrast procedural programming modules and object-oriented programming, or OOP for short, we need to understand the two different styles. Procedural programming was the most commonly used programming language early on with a top-down model. This programming module places its attention on procedures or actions, which take place within the program. A few examples of procedural programming are FORTRAN and BASIC. OOP although has become the preferred method of use. OOP focuses on objects, which are self-contained unit containing date and data operations. When it comes to the reusability of codes OOP makes this task much easier. As procedural programming is a line-by-line programming style as if to be writing out simple instructions. OOP however allows the programmer to utilize inheritance. Inheritance gives the programmer the ability to create new classes, known as subclasses, based on an existing class, known as the superclass. This ability enables the programmer to utilize the data and methods of the original class or superclass. This whole process is where the programmer is able to utilize code that already was written saving them time and eliminating the opportunity for programming errors. Another benefit to OOP over procedural programming is security and the ability to hide code. Within OOP, the programmer is able to label certain data fields as private. Once these data fields are labeled as private, their data and methods...
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...Let Us C Fifth Edition Yashavant P. Kanetkar Dedicated to baba Who couldn’t be here to see this day... About the Author Destiny drew Yashavant Kanetkar towards computers when the IT industry was just making a beginning in India. Having completed his education from VJTI Mumbai and IIT Kanpur in Mechanical Engineering he started his training company in Nagpur. Yashavant has a passion for writing and is an author of several books in C, C++, VC++, C#, .NET, DirectX and COM programming. He is a much sought after speaker on various technology subjects and is a regular columnist for Express Computers and Developer 2.0. His current affiliations include being a Director of KICIT, a training company and DCube Software Technologies, a software development company. In recognition to his contribution Microsoft awarded him the prestigious “Best .NET Technical Contributor” award recently. He can be reached at kanetkar@kicit.com. Preface to the Fifth Edition It is mid 2004. World has left behind the DOTCOM bust, 9/11 tragedy, the economic downturn, etc. and moved on. Countless Indians have relentlessly worked for close to two decades to successfully establish “India” as a software brand. At times I take secret pleasure in seeing that a book that I have been part of, has contributed in its own little way in shaping so many budding careers that have made the “India” brand acceptable. Computing and the way people use C for doing it keeps changing as years go by. So overwhelming...
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...ArrayList Johnnie L. Bagley III PRG/420 October 09, 2013 Dr. Orenthio K. Goodwin ArrayList The differences between the Array and an ArrayList is a common question asked by beginners, just starting to code using Java. The Array and ArrayList are both used to store elements, which can be a primitive or an object in the case of ArrayList in Java. A main difference between the ArrayList and an Array in Java would be the static nature of the Array, but the ArrayList has a dynamic nature. Once an Array is created, programmers cannot change the size of it, but an ArrayList will be able to re-size itself at any time. There is one more notable difference between ArrayList and an Array (Paul, 2012). The Array is a core part of Java programming that has a special syntax and a semantics support within Java. An ArrayList is a part of the collection framework of popular classes, such as HashMap, Hashtable, and Vector. There are six more differences between Array and ArrayList which will be listed in numeral order: 1. First and Major difference between Array and ArrayList in Java would be that Array is a fixed length data structure, while ArrayList is a variable length collection class. 2. Another difference is that an Array cannot use Generics, due to it cannot store files, unlike the ArrayList that allows users to use Generics to ensure storage. 3. Programmers can compare the Array vs. ArrayList on how to calculate length of Array or size of an ArrayList. 4....
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