...GNU Public License and its Role POS/355 July 21, 2014 GNU Public License and its Role The LINUX software and other products are restricted with a License or patents to keep individual from altering or modifying the software. Developers usually release their software programs the way they think it best suit the potential business owner or users. The General Public License (GNU) role is to ensure when new software is released that it remains free to everyone to use as they please. The GNU role is to remove any software that has no source code. The parts that do not contain a source code are called binary blob and firmware generally redistributable, do not give the user the freedom to modify or study them. General Public License know as (GNU) General Public License was created by Richard M. Stallman in 1970 when he was a programmer at MIT’s Artificial Intelligence lab. The General Public License (GNU/ GPL) is a copy left license for software and other kinds of work that are free to the public The General Public License is the most popular free and open source software (FOSS) license today. According to Ronald "free software and open source are often interchangeably used (and the respective movements share many common goals" (2006). The General Public License purpose is to guarantee individual or developers the freedom to share and alter any version of a program to ensure it remains free and available to every individual. The General Public License is used by...
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...Application Architecture, Process design Gary S Seward II University of Phoenix BSA/ 375 June 26, 2012 Application architecture and design planning Application architecture is the structure of automatic services that bring and perform such functional needs that have the interfaces through which structure apply the functional needs of the organization. For efficient operating, there should be only one structure of application architecture and development design, but in different organizations, different application architectures are employed. There are mostly three views which are used in application architecture, these are as follow: Conceptual views: This view of application architecture is utilized to explain the necessities of business and the business users' examination of the application to produce a business model. Strategies of conceptual modeling, like action diagrams, case analysis, business body modeling and process design, assist to make an clarification of the goals of business and requirements, and are free of execution know-how. This idea is followed by the organization in HR information system (Platt, 2002). Logical views: The architects create the request designs that engage reasonable views of the business pattern as they illustrate the way through which the business goals and necessities are fulfilled. The request designs portray the reasonable observation of the submission architecture. The architects here are pertained with the on the entire application...
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...Article Essential Layers, Artifacts, and Dependencies of Enterprise Architecture By Robert Winter and Ronny Fischer Abstract After a period where implementation speed was more important than integration, consistency and reduction of complexity, architectural considerations have become a key issue of information management in recent years again. Enterprise architecture is widely accepted as an essential mechanism for ensuring agility and consistency, compliance and efficiency. Although standards like TOGAF and FEAF have developed, however, there is no common agreement on which architecture layers, which artifact types and which dependencies constitute the essence of enterprise architecture. This paper contributes to the identification of essential elements of enterprise architecture by (1) specifying enterprise architecture as a hierarchical, multilevel system comprising aggregation hierarchies, architecture layers and views, (2) discussing enterprise architecture frameworks with regard to essential elements, (3) proposing interfacing requirements of enterprise architecture with other architecture models and (4) matching these findings with current enterprise architecture practice in several large companies. Keywords enterprise architecture, architectural components, architectural layers, architectural views, interfaces ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE: DEFINITION According to ANSI/IEEE Std 1471-2000, architecture is defined as the “ fundamental organization of a system, embodied in...
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...for better productivity and cost effectiveness. In order to know the criteria for a system the system requirements has to be determined. The first process in system development is requirement analysis and definition. This enables the breakdown of the functional and non-functional requirements that paints a clear framework to the system development (Rouse, 2012). Technology requirements, stakeholders, and businesses have a viable part in the process of analysis process. There are four activities involved in the analysis process, the first is elicitation activity, is the collecting of information and understanding the needs of the stakeholder and articulating high-level requirements. The analysis activity, determines clarity, and if the system is free of any contradictions, defines techniques to combat the issues. Specification activity is where the behavior of a system is a developing stage. Then there is the validation activity that involves sessions with users, stakeholders, and other experts to help to wing out issues and conflicting requirements before the projects moves to development (Johannesson & Perjons, 2013). “When future design efforts involving system upgrades or enhancements are analyzed, Fit/Gap analysis activities are often performed to understand the differences between current and proposed systems or applications. Although requirements analysis occurs throughout the development lifecycle of a project, original collection, definition, and analysis of stakeholder...
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...Enterprise Architecture Vol. 11, No. 10 10 Key Skills Architects Must Have to Deliver Value by Michael Rosen, Director, Cutter Consortium Enterprise Architecture Practice As the complexity of IT grows, more and more organizations are realizing the need for architecture. But the definition of what architecture is, the titles that architects have, and the role of an architect vary widely from one organization to another. Business, IT, management, and even architects don’t necessarily know what a good architect does to add value in his or her organization. This Executive Report discusses the role of the architect and describes 10 activities that architects should perform to add value to projects. ABOUT CUTTER CONSORTIUM Access to the Experts Cutter Consortium is a unique IT advisory firm, comprising a group of more than 100 internationally recognized experts who have come together to offer content, consulting, and training to our clients. These experts are committed to delivering top-level, critical, and objective advice. They have done, and are doing, groundbreaking work in organizations worldwide, helping companies deal with issues in the core areas of software development and agile project management, enterprise architecture, business technology trends and strategies, innovation, enterprise risk management, metrics, and sourcing. Cutter offers a different value proposition than other IT research firms: We give you Access to the Experts....
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...have been gathered, and the business processes are composed, the project is ready to move to the next phase of the SDLC. The Design Phase is where the design team simply ask, "How do we build it?" The project team will now transition the business requirements into the system requirements. The blueprint for the new system is made up of design documents and physical models. Application Architecture is the design organized into the entire software application; included are the sub-components and outside applications. As stated from wisegeek.org (2015), "The application architecture is used as a blueprint to ensure that the underlying modules of an application will support future growth. Growth can come in the areas of future interoperability, increased resource demand, or increased reliability requirements. With a completed architecture, stakeholders understand the complexities of the underlying components should changes be necessary for the future" (para. 5). The application is made up of four areas of control: presentation layer, application layer, data access layer and data storage layer. Riordan's presentation layer will consist of the user interface. Fowler (2002) stated: "At the heart of the information systems architecture is the notion of different layers of an information system, each of which has distinct responsibilities" (pg. 702). The re-design human resource management system (HRMS) allows HR processes to occur electronically. The user inputs human resource related...
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...Service Request SR-rm-022 Robert Vermette BSA/375-Fundementals of Business Systems Development January 19, 2013 Jeffery Comrie Analysis of the Riordan HR system My report will be regarding the main information collecting strategies that we will use for this project, depending on "Analyzing HR System.” A few main aspects will be recognized that is linked to the accomplishment of what is called the information collecting procedure. The scope and feasibility will be defined to assist us in accepting the significance of this project. This report will provide awareness for the project and may be able to recognize a range of options for the information to move forward Information Gathering procedures The data or information that is collected is an important step in any part of the plan. It ought to be conceded out in an organized way for procuring the targets of the development and accumulating the correct data. Data should be combined from options that express dependable data and provide the intention of the project. The collection of data collecting resources should be completed in compliance to the necessities of the development. For accumulating the data, two main options will be used, first and second options. Both of these will be supportive in collecting applicable and helpful information. “The first resource, questionnaire or meeting strategies can be used to collect information. Interviews can...
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...stakeholders, such as the President & Ceo- Dr. Michael Riordan, the Chief Operating Officer- Hugh McCauley, the Director of Human Resources- Yvonne McMillan, and the Chief Information Officer- Maria Trinth. These key stakeholders are important because they can explain what the current system is as well as how it is used. The second way is to gather information by observing how each employee uses the current system, notating key elements of the system that is used by all employees. Two techniques that are recommended to be used in the information-gathering process are, one-on-one interviews and/or a facilitated session. When using the one-on-one interview technique, each stakeholder will need to be interviewed to gather information on the current systems and to gather their ideas of how they would like the new system to work. This will also give an idea of what needs to be integrated into the new system. During the interview process, the stakeholders can also offer an observation of how the...
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...Arvind Krishnan Ramesh Saahil Khanna Shriram Jayaraman Sneha Bhandarkar Service Oriented Architecture New Models of Enterprise Architecture (Group 2) Service Oriented Architecture New Models of Enterprise Architecture (Group 2) Service Oriented Architecture Building an enterprise-scale software system is a complex undertaking. Despite decades of technological advances, the demands imposed by today’s information systems frequently stretch to breaking point a company’s ability to design, construct, and evolve its mission-critical software solutions. In particular, few new systems are designed from the ground up. Rather, a software architect’s task is commonly that of extending the life of an existing solution by describing new business logic that manipulates an existing repository of data, presenting existing data and transactions through new channels such as an Internet browser or handheld devices, integrating previously disconnected systems supporting overlapping business activities, and so on. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) SOA is a way of designing a software system to provide services to either end-user applications or other services through published and discoverable interfaces. In many cases, services provide a better way to expose discrete business functions and therefore an excellent way to develop applications that support business processes. SOA architecture adheres to the Four Tenets of Service Orientation. Service Orientation (SO) is an architectural...
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...Template for IDA Project (Project Id) Template for specific development (Contract Id) Technical Design Document Issue 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 0 Preface 1 0.1 PURPOSE OF THIS DOCUMENT 1 0.2 Use of this document 1 0.3 Overview 2 0.4 Basis of this Document 2 0.5 A Reference Architecture for the IDA Programme 3 0.6 Specific Design Considerations 3 1 Introduction 5 1.1 PURPOSE 5 1.2 Scope 5 1.3 Definitions, Acronyms and Abbreviations 5 1.4 References 6 1.5 Overview 6 2 System Overview 7 2.1 SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS 7 2.2 System Architecture 7 2.3 Infrastructure Services 9 3 System Context 10 4 SYSTEM DESIGN 11 4.1 DESIGN METHOD AND STANDARDS 11 4.2 Documentation Standards 12 4.3 Naming conventions 13 4.4 Programming Standards 13 4.5 Software development tools 13 4.6 Outstanding Issues 14 4.7 Decomposition Description 14 5 Component Description 15 5.1 COMPONENT IDENTIFIER 16 6 Software Requirements Traceability Matrix 19 DOCUMENT CONTROL 20 DOCUMENT SIGNOFF 20 DOCUMENT CHANGE RECORD 20 0 PREFACE 0.1 PURPOSE OF THIS DOCUMENT 1. THIS DOCUMENT IS A GENERIC TECHNICAL DESIGN DOCUMENT DOCUMENT FOR USE BY IDA PROJECTS. IT PROVIDES GUIDANCE AND TEMPLATE MATERIAL WHICH IS INTENDED TO ASSIST THE RELEVANT MANAGEMENT OR TECHNICAL STAFF, WHETHER CLIENT OR SUPPLIER, IN PRODUCING A PROJECT-SPECIFIC TECHNICAL DESIGN DOCUMENT DOCUMENT. IT IS ALSO USEFUL BACKGROUND READING FOR ANYONE INVOLVED IN DEVELOPING OR MONITORING...
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...Applied SOA Service-Oriented Architecture and Design Strategies Mike Rosen Boris Lublinsky Kevin T. Smith Marc J. Balcer Wiley Publishing, Inc. Applied SOA Applied SOA Service-Oriented Architecture and Design Strategies Mike Rosen Boris Lublinsky Kevin T. Smith Marc J. Balcer Wiley Publishing, Inc. Applied SOA: Service-Oriented Architecture and Design Strategies Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard Indianapolis, IN 46256 www.wiley.com Copyright 2008 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada ISBN: 978-0-470-22365-9 Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, (317) 572-3447, fax (317) 572-4355, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The publisher and...
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...February 17, 2014 Application architecture and process design The application architecture describes the layout of the application deployment, generally includes partitioned application logic and deployment to application server engines (Gartner, 2013). The application architecture can be tailored to any business. Riordan Manufacturing must define objectives prior to choosing and designing their system. Once the objectives have been identify then the design process can start. With the equipment needs, implementation requirements, and workflow clearly understood these are describe in more detail in order to design the appropriate system. The designing itself is accomplished after many interviews in order to capture the real needs, by using flowcharts, scale models, and even some process simulation software (Dennis, Wixom, & Ruth, 2012). A client server architecture services would be beneficial for Riordan being that this nonfunctional requirement could have more benefits than a server based or client server. There are four major benefits in a client server; scalability, adaptable support, reliable networking and separation of logic: a) Scalability adjusts storage and processing within the server b) Adaptable support is the ability to support different client and servers. The server can also separate logic’s without changing any other data. c) Reliable networking allows the server to maintain the network in case of any errors or application crashes d) Separation...
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...benefits derive from a product line approach, where a common set of reusable software assets act as a base for subsequent similar products in a given functional domain. The upfront investments required for software reuse are considerable, and need to be duly considered prior to attempting a software reuse initiative. 1. Introduction Software reuse is the process of implementing or updating software systems using existing software components. A good software reuse process facilitates the increase of productivity, quality, and reliability, and the decrease of costs and implementation time. An initial investment is required to start a software reuse process, but that investment pays for itself in a few reuses. In short, the development of a reuse process and repository produces a base of knowledge that improves in quality after every reuse, minimizing the amount of development work required for future projects, and ultimately reducing the risk of new projects that are based on repository knowledge.. Types of Reuse Horizontal reuse Horizontal reuse refers to software components used across a wide variety of applications. In terms of code assets, this includes the typically envisioned library of components, such as a linked list class, string...
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...Introduction Architecture design is used to define how options can be used to improve the hardware and software specifications. This paper will describe the application architecture and process design. A detailed observation is necessary to determine what kind of hardware can accommodate the software and it is a critical part of the system development life cycle. A high-level explanation of the security controls suggestions will be included. Application Architecture and Process Design The first step is to identify the major software components of the system being developed. Software systems are divided into four major functions. Data storage in an Information System stores the data or file. Data Access Logic is managing needed to retrieve the data. Application Logic is the processes or activities that are executed. The final function is the Presentation Logic function which is the presentation of the information and the user interface. Knowledge of the functions is vital in the design process and the data flow diagrams (DFD). Architecture design begins with the non-practical necessity. Riordan Manufacturing, Inc. is a large corporation that consists of several locations and the use of a Client-Server Architecture would be best due to scalability, which refers to flexible capacity of the infrastructure. Large-scale software is projected to be used by thousands of people concurrently. The cost of the infrastructure in a Client-Server is typically lower due to...
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...2013) Hugh McCauley, the COO of the company, wants to develop a new application for the human resource department in order to keep up with changing technology. He would like to have a system that integrates all of the existing HR tools the company uses into a single, modern information systems application. This project will need to consist of several different stages in order for it to potentially be successful and will require an analyst to ensure all key points of the project are met. One of the first areas we need to look at when transitioning from analysis to design is the application software. “Software application architecture is the process of defining a structured solution that meets all of the technical and operational requirements, while optimizing common quality attributes such as performance, security, and manageability.” (Microsoft, 2014) Taking into account the requirements of the new design, a thin client-server architecture, where the server performs the application logic, makes the most sense to use. One of biggest benefits to a thin client-server architecture is that it is low cost and easy to maintain. Another great benefit to a thin client-server is that it is portable, which the company would greatly benefit from. Also, the client-server architecture supports a variety of clients and servers, making it more compatible with different brands of operating systems. Finally, this architecture can be adjusted to accommodate...
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