... There are often gaps in the technical support information needed to maintain a system built from older designs using outmoded or updated techniques or materials. In some situations, designers give a shape to their ideas by using clay, plaster, wood, or foam rubber, but a CAD model is needed to enable the manufacturing of the part. As products become more organic in shape, designing in CAD may be challenging or impossible. There is no guarantee that the CAD model will be acceptably close to the sculpted model. Reverse engineering provides a solution to this problem because the physical model is the source of information for the CAD model. This is also referred to as the part-to-CAD process. "Reverse Engineering is the process of taking a finished product and reconstructing design data in a format from which new parts or molds can be produced."-The Society of Manufacturing Engineers Key Words: Reverse Engineering, CAD, Modeling and manufacturing. INTRODUCTION Definition "Reverse Engineering is the process of taking a finished product and reconstructing design data in a format from which new parts or molds can be produced."- The Society of Manufacturing Engineers. Manufacturing Reality Engineering is the profession involved in designing, manufacturing, constructing, and maintaining of products, systems, and...
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...Mechanical Scale Models Based on Rapid Prototyping Technology ABSTRACT The point of this paper is to spread the utilization of Rapid prototyping innovation (RP) into mechanical designing. In the improvement of another item it is constantly important to create a solitary model of a composed item or framework before the assignment of extensive measure of cash to new generation offices or mechanical production systems. The expense is high and creation tooling sets aside extensive time to get ready. The innovation which impressively speeds the intuitive item advancement procedure is the idea and routine of Rapid Prototyping (RP) additionally called Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF). Fast Prototyping is being utilized subsequent to its cause by originators in distinctive field as item plan, car industry, medicinal applications, expressions, and it has been demonstrated that it is a vital instrument in any outline process. The originator has the likelihood of building the scale model in not very many hours...
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...wise manufacturing technologies such as Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM) allow innovative approaches to product design. Especially for lightweight design in aircraft applications LAM offers new possibilities for load-adapted structures. However, to fully capture lightweight potential of LAM technologies new design guidelines and processes have to be developed. A novel approach to extreme lightweight design is realized by incorporating structural optimization tools, bionic structures and LAM guidelines into one design process. By consequently following this design process designers can achieve lightweight savings in designing new aircraft structures. Keywords: Additive Layer Manufacturing; Laser Addative Manufacturing; Selective Laser Melting; light weight design; bionic design; structural optimization 1. Motivation In addition to already existing American competitors, a rising number of internationally acting companies from Far East and Russia lead to a steadily increasing pressure of cost efficiency and innovation in the European aircraft industry. The increasing struggle for efficient aircrafts can be noticed, among others, in the rising use of lightweight structures based on structural optimization tools. The introduction of these load optimized components results in falling lot sizes, highly complex parts and the demand for reduced production times at...
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...COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN (CAD) AND COMPUTER-AIDED MANUFACTURING (CAM) Photo by: higyou Computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) are a pair of often interdependent industrial computer applications that have greatly influenced the chain of processes between the initial design and the final realization of a product. Many would add to this duo a third technology, computer-aided engineering (CAE). Ongoing refinements in CAD/CAM systems continue to save manufacturers tens of millions of dollars in time and resources over non-computerized methods. As a consequence, CAD and CAM technologies are responsible for massive gains in both productivity and quality, particularly since the 1980s. For some purposes CAD and CAM methods can be used exclusively of one another, and in general, CAD is used more commonly than CAM. CAD involves creating computer models defined by geometrical parameters. These models typically appear on a computer monitor as a three-dimensional representation of a part or a system of parts, which can be readily altered by changing relevant parameters. CAD systems enable designers to view objects under a wide variety of representations and to test these objects by simulating real-world conditions. CAM picks up where CAD leaves off by using geometrical design data to control automated machinery. CAM systems are associated with computer numerical control (CNC) or direct numerical control (DNC) systems. These systems differ from older forms...
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... | |Mavitrani a/p Madana Sriramulu | |IC Number | |920304085392 | |Student Number | |SCSJ-0008579 | |Course | |Diploma In Accountancy | |Subject Title | |Information Technology | |Subject Code | |3IS0212N | |Mode of Study | |Full-Time ( Part-Time ( Independent Learning ( E-Learning | |Name of Lecturer | |Mrs.Renne | |Due Date | |4th November 2011 | |College | |SEGI College Subang Jaya | |Declaration by student: | |I, Mavitrani, hereby declare that the attached assignment is my own work and understand that if I am suspected of plagiarism or | |another form of cheating, my work will be referred...
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...OBJECTIVE. 1. RAPID PROTOTYPING MANUFACTURING. 1.1 DEFINITION. Rapid prototyping manufacturing is a group of techniques used to manufacture, in a fast way, a model of a specific piece generating a model in CAD, (Computer Aided Design), with 3D data as fast as possible. Nowadays is used as one manufacturing process more. An example is found in the dental sector, in which it is used to manufacture the metallic structures that will be coated by ceramic creating dental crowns and bridges. The most used technique is the 3D printing or additive layer manufacturing. The first methods of rapid prototyping manufacturing were available in 80’s. Nowadays, is expanded, and as I mentioned, is not only to make prototypes, it is use to produce small series...
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...a mechanical assembly, we analyze it to infer how the individual parts move and interact with each other. The relations and motion parameters are encoded as a time-varying interaction graph. Once the driver is indicated by the user, we compute the motion of the assembly and use it to generate an annotated illustration to depict how the assembly works. We also produce a corresponding causal chain sequence to help the viewer better mentally animate the motion. Abstract How things work visualizations use a variety of visual techniques to depict the operation of complex mechanical assemblies. We present an automated approach for generating such visualizations. Starting with a 3D CAD model of an assembly, we first infer the motions of individual parts and the interactions between parts based on their geometry and a few user specified constraints. We then use this information to generate visualizations that incorporate motion arrows, frame sequences and animation to convey the causal chain of motions and mechanical interactions between parts. We present results for a wide variety of assemblies. Keywords: mechanical assembly, motion depiction, visualization, shape analysis, causal chaining movement. For example, the gearbox in a car is a collection of interlocking gears with different ratios that transforms rotational force from the engine into the appropriate revolution speed for the wheels. Understanding how the parts interact to transform the driving force into motion is often the...
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...T.C. BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY VISION BASED TARGET TRACKING CONTROLLED SENTRY Capstone Project Fikret Taygun Duvan İSTANBUL, 2011 T.C. BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECATRONICS ENGINEERING VISION BASED TARGET TRACKING CONTROLLED SENTRY Capstone Project Fikret Taygun Duvan Advisor: Dr. Khalid Abidi İSTANBUL, 2010 T.C. BAHÇEŞEHİR UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECATRONICS ENGINEERING Name of the project: Vision Based Target Tracking Controlled Sentry Name/Last Name of the Student: Fikret Taygun Duvan Date of Thesis Defense: 23/01/2011 I hereby state that the graduation project prepared by Your Name (Title Format) has been completed under my supervision. I accept this work as a “Graduation Project”. Dr. Khalid ABIDI I hereby state that I have examined this graduation project by Your Name (Title Format) which is accepted by his supervisor. This work is acceptable as a graduation project and the student is eligible to take the graduation project examination. Asst. Prof. Yalçın Çekiç Head of the Department of Mechatronics Engineering We hereby state that we have held the graduation examination of Your Name and agree that the student has satisfied all requirements. THE EXAMINATION COMMITTEE Committee Member 1. Khalid ABIDI 2. ………………………….. 3. ………………………….. Signature ……………………….. ……………………….. ……………………….. ACADEMIC HONESTY PLEDGE In keeping with Bahçeşehir University Student Code of...
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...~~~Concept of Wind-tunnel~~~ Wind tunnels date back to the 1870’s. Scientists realized it didn’t matter if an object was stationary and air was blown was over the object or if the object was moving through the air. The resultant forces over the object would be the same. The idea of blowing air over an object and determining the forces lead to the invention of wind tunnel. As the name suggests, a wind-tunnel is a cylindrical tunnel in which air is blown from one side by a huge fan at high speeds. The middle part of the tunnel is called as throat. It is the place where the test model is placed. Various sensors are attached to the test model and the data is collected in the room near it. The data collected issued to reduce the aerodynamic drag and minimize fuel consumption and also increase the speed of the cars, trucks, planes, etc. also aerodynamic properties like lift, drag, forces, moments are measured with the use of wind-tunnel. In wind-tunnel air is blown over the test model which is kept stationary at the throat. This will produce the same effect as it would be produced if the vehicle is moving at high speeds on a road. For more accurate results the tunnel is sometimes equipped with rolling road to prevent the boundary layer forming on the floor which may affect the test results. * What are wind tunnels? Just as its name suggests, a wind tunnel is a tube or tunnel that has man-made windblown through it at a certain speed. Scientists and engineers put...
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...Front. Mech. Eng. 2013, 8(3): 215–243 DOI 10.1007/s11465-013-0248-8 REVIEW ARTICLE Nannan GUO, Ming C. LEU Additive manufacturing: technology, applications and research needs © Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has been researched and developed for more than 20 years. Rather than removing materials, AM processes make three-dimensional parts directly from CAD models by adding materials layer by layer, offering the beneficial ability to build parts with geometric and material complexities that could not be produced by subtractive manufacturing processes. Through intensive research over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in the development and commercialization of new and innovative AM processes, as well as numerous practical applications in aerospace, automotive, biomedical, energy and other fields. This paper reviews the main processes, materials and applications of the current AM technology and presents future research needs for this technology. Keywords additive manufacturing (AM), AM processes, AM materials, AM applications 1 Introduction The ASTM F42 Technical Committee defines additive manufacturing (AM) as the “process of joining materials to make objects from three-dimensional (3D) model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing methodologies” [1]. It is also known as additive fabrication, additive processes, direct digital...
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...Developing Guidelines to Design Gestures for Teaching Chinese as a Second Language From the Perspectives of Kinesics and Linguistics Yihan Zhou Seton Hall University Abstract According to kinesics and linguistic theories, this project investigates what parts are involved in making gestures and how gestures carry meanings. A wide range of body parts are involved in making a gesture. According to David Mcneill, the physical movements acquire meaning by iconics, metaphorics, deictics, and beats. The project also discovers an etymological way to connect gestures to Chinese vocabulary. Based on the findings, the project further develops some guidelines to design gestures for teaching Chinese. They are making easy movements, identifying teaching content, making gestures understandable to your students, and applying gestures into teaching. In the end, the project applies the guidelines in designing activities for teaching Chinese pronunciation, vocabulary, character, and culture. Keywords: guidelines, gestures, teaching Chinese, kinesics, linguistics 1. Introduction 2.1 Background Gestures are common body movements: teachers instruct with gestures, referees in soccer game use gestures, people greet each other with gestures. Then what are gestures? Generally speaking, gestures are body movements which accompany and even sometimes replace verbal language. Because of its intimacy with language, it has attracted the people’s attention since Greek and Roman era...
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...From cliché to inception: a review of Bioprinting Tyler Crossley MCB 404 Biomedical Ethics Dr. Pimentel Introduction The utilization of 3-dimmensional printers to produce functional applications by the personal and consumer sectors have been acknowledged since the development of this technology. Two categories for product applications of 3-dimmensional printing exist: products to improve individual personal life, such as hearing aids and prosthetic limbs; engineering parts for many consumer products, such as many components of engines, guns and even musical instruments. Whichever contextual application of this technology is desired and utilized, both ethical benefits and weaknesses exist. Multiple American companies including General Electric, Boeing, Nike, Honeywell and others have used this technology in manufacturing motor components, shoes, solar panels and other consumer products. Endless potential applications of 3-dimmensional printing exist for future developments. Interestingly, printing of meat for human consumption as an alternative to harvesting meat from animals is currently being researched. In 2008 PeTA offered a $1 million X-Prize style reward for the first group to synthetically develop such commercially viable meat. This is one case in which proposing ethical dilemmas exist, and the many alternative controversies this topic entails. Further bioethical dilemma’s and considerations exist and will be discussed...
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...management of people in order to reflect the way in which organizations are evolving at the start of the 21st century. To proceed I will first introduce the debate concerning organization evolution and the need for new approaches to manage people. Then I will carry out an review of new methods to managing people in the organisation context, as well as people management philosophy and practices which concentrate on the way in which organisation overall approach of people contribute to the effectiveness. I will conclude with the controversy between the Modernist and Post-Modernist paradigms in regard to management science and empirical research. A fundamental belief in Modernism is that all problems can be solved rationally by the application of scientific and social theory, and thus justify management theories that aim to explain human behaviour. Post-Modernists argue that it is impossible to derive a universal truth, and therefore empirical studies do not reflect the reality within organisations. Main Body Companies change their structures in response to the need to follow their customers overseas, for instance. Therefore, to better understand the Human Resource’s role in organisation today, it’s necessary to understand first how companies themselves are changing and the trend that are causing these change to occur. Perhaps the most important, organisations today are under intense pressure to be better, faster, and more competitive. The combined effects of the globalisation...
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...Computer crime involves: Theft by computer (including identity theft and phis hing) Software piracy and intellectual property misuse Software sabotage (malw are- including worms, viruses, Trojan horses, e tc.) Hacking and electronic trespassing. The computer crime dossier Computer crime: any crime accomplished through knowledge or use of computer technology Businesses and government institutions lose billions of dollars every year to computer criminals The majority of crimes is committed by company insiders Typically covered up or not reported to authorities to avoid embarrassment According to a 2001 survey of over 500 companies and government agencies: 85% detected computer security breaches in the preceding 12 months Financial losses due to security breaches topped $377 million 70% reported that Internet connections were frequent points of attack Only 31% said that internal systems were frequent points of attack. Theft by computer Theft is the most common form of computer crime. Computers are used to steal Money Goods Information Computer resources One common type of computer theft today is the actual theft of computers, such as notebook and PDAs Notebook and PDAs are expensive Data stored on a computer can be more valuable Denial o f Service ( DOS) Attacks bombard servers and Web sites with so much bogus traffic that they are effectively shut down networks, denying service to legitimate customers and clients. Computer security Protecting computer systems...
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...European Journal of Operational Research, 2009, Vol 193, pp425-436 Authors: Baker P. & Canessa, M. Warehouse design: a structured approach Abstract: In spite of the importance of warehousing to the customer service and cost levels of many businesses, there is currently not a comprehensive systematic method for designing warehouses. In this paper, the current literature on the overall methodology of warehouse design is explored, together with the literature on tools and techniques used for specific areas of analysis. The general results from the literature have then been validated and refined with reference to warehouse design companies. The output is a general framework of steps, with specific tools and techniques that can be used for each step. This is intended to be of value to practitioners and to assist further research into the development of a more comprehensive methodology for warehouse design. Keywords: Facilities planning and design; Decision support models; Logistics; Warehouse design. 1 Warehouse design: a structured approach 1. Introduction Warehouses are a key aspect of modern supply chains and play a vital role in the success, or failure, of businesses today (Frazelle, 2002a). Although many companies have examined the possibilities of synchronised direct supply to customers, there are still many circumstances where this is not appropriate. This may be because the supplier lead times cannot be reduced cost effectively to the short lead times...
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