...Maryland This study examined how leadership related to citizenship behavior within teams. Leadership was hypothesized to influence team organizational citizenship behavior (TOCB) either directly or indirectly through job satisfaction. Longitudinal data were collected in three waves. Leader behaviors were measured at time 1, follower job satisfaction at time 2, and TOCB at time 3. Results indicate that both empowering and transformational leadership related positively to TOCB through job satisfaction. Aversive leadership was related negatively to TOCB. Also, leadership was mediated by job satisfaction in negatively relating to team anticitizenship behavior. The implications and directions for future research are discussed. In what many call the postindustrial age, more and more organizations face high velocity environments which are characterized as dramatically changing, uncertain, and high-risk (Bourgeois & Eisenhardt, 1988; Riolli-Saltzman & Luthans, 2001). In such a dynamic environment, many organizations find the use of teams efficient and productive (LePine, Erez, & Johnson, 2002). For example, a recent survey found that most Fortune 1,000 firms use teams with at least some employees and that teams are one of the fastest growing forms of employee 1 This study was supported by the Institute of Management Research of Seoul National University, Korea and by Grants from the R. H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland. We dedicate this paper to our...
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...A focus group was conducted to gather detailed information. A questionnaire was designed for an in-depth survey of the general public. Using mall intercept, 100 or more convenient samples were collected from the questionnaire. SPSS software was used to analyze this data. Then a final report with possible recommendations was written. During the course of this research, students made face-to-face interview with senior managers or CEO, selected appropriate Harvard Business School cases, did research using Internet or library resources, and added much real-life learning to the theoretical in-class knowledge. INTRODUCTION V ase studies in Marketing Research have attracted much interest for global researchers. During the last two years, participants at the European Applied Business Research Conference presented findings in marketing related topics: 56 papers in 2003 and 25 papers in 2004. Out of the 81 papers, 24 reported work on marketing research. Cho and Ha (2004) measured consumer behavior by surveying 300 people on two brand names, Chow et al (2003) studied the environment friendly (eco-label) issues on the purchasing, Chuchinprakarn (2004) studied the on-line shopping intention of employees in Thailand, Ergin et al (2004) provided a field study on monthly grocery expenses of Turkish family, Eriotis et al (2004) used the profit approach to study marketing and power issues of the Greek and multinational firms which operate in Greece, Jee and Kim (2004) surveyed...
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...Instructor’s Manual with Test Items to accompany Applied Behavior Analysis Second Edition John O. Cooper ● Timothy E. Heron ● William L. Heward All, The Ohio State University Prepared by Stephanie Peterson, Idaho State University ● Renée K. Van Norman, University of Nevada-Las Vegas ● Lloyd Peterson, Idaho State University ● Shannon Crozier, University of Nevada-Las Vegas ● Jessica E. Frieder, Idaho State University ● Peter Molino, Idaho State University ● Heath Ivers, Idaho State University ● Shawn Quigley, Idaho State University ● Megan Bryson, University of Nevada-Las Vegas ● David Bicard, University of Memphis [pic] Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Columbus, Ohio ____________________________________________________________ ______________________ Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department. Pearson Prentice Hall™ is a trademark of Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson® is a registered trademark of Pearson plc Prentice Hall® is a registered trademark of Pearson Education...
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...characteristics in any degree. That is why autism is referred to as a ?spectrum? disorder, because at one end of the disorder a child may be inflicted with some symptoms, while at the opposite end a child may be inflicted with multiple symptoms with many areas in between. Children who display few symptoms may be characterized as ?mildly autistic?. Early signs of Autism may appear in the first months of life. Autistic infants tend to stray away from other people, avoiding touch and become limp or stiff when picked up or help. Autistic children don?t reach maturation as fast as normal children. A normal child will point to objects or smile when seeing their mother before the end of their first year, but children with autism develop this behavior much later. These symptoms may go on unnoticed by parents or doctors...
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... I have chosen a career in School psychology. Becoming a school psychologist has been something that I wanted to do since my freshman year in college. During that time I began working for an organization called Community Intervention and Research Center as a behavioral aide, which I found to be very rewarding. Though the organization was a social service agency, we worked with a lot of school and child psychologists. My job duties were to be someone who enforces behavior modification with children who were put on my case load one on one but within their normal everyday environment. Each child had a treatment plan that was put in place by their psychologist and my duty was to help implement it. So I accompanied the children on my caseload to school, home and/or their after school program. Each child had been diagnosed with some sort of emotional, behavioral, and/or learning disorder and it was my job to coach them through some of their difficulties. This job actually meant a lot to me because as a child I was diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Growing up was very difficult for me because I was always being kicked out of schools or put in remedial classes because a lot of schools weren’t adept at handling children with ADHD. So this job became especially important to me which is why I chose the profession of Educational Psychology. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in order to become a school psychologist one must obtain a master’s...
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...Model |Description |Limitations |Notes | | |Biological Model |Examine the presence of atypical development and |Cannot provide all the information|Looks at behavior from an organic standpoint. | | |sequential behavioral differences. Neurological and |needed by educational personnel in| | | |Neurochemical factors, chromosomal abnormalities, |the delivery of educational and | | | |prenatal difficulties, gene defect, postnatal brain |behavior support. | | | |damage. | | | |Developmental Model |As children age, they proceed through several stages |Model fails to inform us |Piaget: Assimilation- fit new stimuli into | | |of development, own unique set of characteristics. |completely in how to adapt to |their comfort zone. | | | |children with atypical |Accommodation- children modify their cognitive | | | ...
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...Job Analysis Paper The purpose of job analysis is the studying and evaluating what a job entails; describing precisely the skills needed and the qualifications to fulfill the job position accurately. Job analysis is when most personnel functions because the methods of any job need to be precise. This paper will be discussing the job analysis for the challenging career of a behavior interventionist/teacher aide. This paper will also evaluate the reliability and validity of being a behavior interventionist. We will also be evaluating different performance appraisal methods that might be applied to being a behavior interventionist. Also, this paper will explain the various different benefits and vulnerabilities of each performance appraisal method talked about previously. In any job position, the duties of that position should be clearly stated. Therefore, after this information gets handed over to the employee, the job consultant would then need to observe a person in the current position. This evaluation helps determine the requirements and skills needed to perform the job better. Also in consideration with the fact that jobs are continuously changing as time passes job analysts must take note of any drastic changes to keep up with the requirements and actualized job duties. It means that the person in charge of doing the analysis should also be very familiar with that job and the position duties. The job of a behavior interventionist is very important in the education field...
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...YOUNG DRIVERS Beomsuk Seo Johnson & Wales University Feinstein Graduate School RSCH 5500 Professor Martin W. Sivula Ph. D. November 12th , 2013 Author Note Beomsuk Seo, Master of Business Administration Hospitality Concentration, Feinstein Graduate School, Johnson & Wales University For course: RSCH 5500: Business Information and Decision Making Professor Martin Sivula, Ph.D. November 12th 2013 Contact: bks523@wildcats.jwu.edu Abstract The study was designed to define the fact of automobile insurance companies' higher prices of their policies for young drivers. Automobile insurance policies come in a board range of prices depending on the drivers’ status, experience, car condition, and so on. The majority of car insurance companies have various discount options depends on vehicle equipment, driving history and habits, driver's education and affiliation for their policy holders, yet young drivers who aged 24 and less pay approximately double price of other aged drivers because insurance companies recognize young drivers as high risky drivers. This study will qualitatively and quantitatively examine the level of risky driving behavior by aged groups with 400 samples. Then, the research will define the relationship between risky driving behavior and young drivers aged 24 and under. Additionally, the study assume that there is relationship between risky driving behavior and drivers experience. Keywords: young driver, insurance, risky driver, novice...
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...Reflection Paper This reflection paper describes three large sections of the author trying to convey. These three parts are Strategic Management from the writer’s point of views, Strategic Management from the participants or students’ perspectives in class discussions and application Strategic Management in everyday life, especially in the military context. 1. Strategic Management from My Point of Views Before implementing a selected strategy from several alternatives, we should carefully analyze and consider the selected strategy. Strategy analysis can take a longer time before coming to the decision-making process. The intention is that an organization will be on the effective condition and position in attempting created goals and objectives in various influences from internal as well as external factors. Sometimes internal and external factors change the level of intensity and urgency in conducting certain kinds of strategic decisions completely. The orientation of such specific strategies based on various assumptions is related to the assumption which has been used by the planner, in this case, a manager or leader in an organization to produce a decisive strategy. Managers or leaders have to fully aware that all consequences from the implementation of the strategy are being measured and estimated appropriately. After an organization formulating their strategy, then the working units in the organization can set some technical ways in conducting the strategy. The next step...
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...Major Goals of Psychology? * Question: What Are the Four Major Goals of Psychology? Answer: Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. While you might understand what psychology is, many people are not quite so certain about what psychology does. What purpose does psychology serve? What are its goals? The four key goals of psychology are: To Describe One of the first goals of psychology is simply to describe behavior. Through describing the behavior of humans and other animals, we are better able to understand it and gain a better perspective on what is considered normal and abnormal. Psychology researchers utilize a range of research methods to help describe behavior including naturalistic observation, case studies, correlational studies, surveys, and self-report inventories. To Explain As you might imagine, psychologists are also interested in explaining behavior in addition to merely describing it. Why do people do the things they do? What factors contribute to development, personality, social behavior, and mental health problems? Throughout psychology's history, many different theories have emerged to help explain various aspects of human behavior. A few examples of such theories including classical conditioning andattachment theories. Some theories focus on just a small aspect of human behavior (known as mini-theories), while others serve as all-encompassing theories designed to explain all of human psychology (known as grand theories). To Predict ...
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...reflect on the use of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) with students who have Autism. Aims The aim of my project was to gain knowledge of Applied Behaviour Analysis and its effectiveness in working with children with Autism. My focus questions ask • What are the key principles underlying Applied Behaviour Analysis and how and why it benefits children who are autistic? • What is involved in setting up an Applied Behaviour Analysis program in the classroom environment? Both focus questions have helped me to investigate ABA, implement strategies that ABA employ and reflect on the program as a whole. I became part of a withdrawal program established for the purpose of intensive early intervention based on the principles of ABA. Harris, (2002 p19) explains “Applied Behavior Analysis takes basic principles in behaviour science and emphasizes the intensity that is needed for particular children”. As I progressed through my journey I discovered that ABA was indeed an extremely effective intervention program for autistic children. I felt that the whole process was a huge learning curve which in turn has had positive affects on my future practice. PARTS OF THE REPORT Rationale Explains why I embarked on this particular topic, process I used in decided topic, list of research strategies to achieve aims, Kemmis & McTaggarts (1988) Action Research Planner model Process -What were the key principles underlying Applied Behaviour Analysis and how and why...
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...research is on removing barriers to multi-disciplinary collaboration, translational research has the potential to drive the advancement of applied science. Translational research includes two areas of translation. One is the process of applying discoveries generated during research in the laboratory, and in preclinical studies, to the development of trials and studies in humans. The second area of translation concerns research is aimed at enhancing the adoption of best practices in the community. Lerman (2003) asserted that translational research often begins when findings from the laboratory are replicated with and extended to clinical populations and problems. Translational research is broader than the traditional term applied research. Applied research is any research that may possibly be useful for enhancing health or well-being. However, through translational research, the same studies (research) would include some action steps in addition to what is normally done in applied research. In translational research the researchers would partner with the community and ask for ideas about how their findings might apply there. Together, they would come up with an intervention plan that would also include scientific evaluation of its effectiveness. Translational research has evolved as an alternative to the traditional Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB). Mace and Critchfield (2010) stated that yet despite many scientific successes, EAB has been both in scholarly and societal influence...
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...intervention. Thirdly, primary symptoms persist even after using medicines. Fourth, some children suffering from ADHD are effectively helped by behavior therapy when symptoms are minor. This paper is a proposed action plan of treating John who suffers from inattentive ADHD through a functional behavioral assessment (FBA). a) Operational definition of behavior This is the first stage of the FBA. Prior to selecting effective data collection methods to perform the FBA, the paraprofessional should define the behavioral problem. This definition should take into account the measurable, observable, and objective terms. The behavioral problems identified should be clear. Otherwise, it increases the difficulties involved in measuring the behavior with accuracy. Moreover, it complicates the identification of the function of the behavior and the formulation of an effective intervention method. After a collection of concrete information, regarding he behavioral problem, then the teacher or paraprofessional can refine the definition of the problem (Functional Behavioral Assessment, Behavioral Intervention Plans, and Positive Intervention and Supports: An Essential Part of Effective School Wide Discipline in Virginia, 2009). In our case study, John is inattentive for the greater part of the day. His specific problems include refusing to do school work and ignoring his paraprofessional...
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...Research, Statistics, and Psychology Psychology is the scientific investigation of mental processes and behavior (Kowalski & Westen, 2007, p. 3). During the late 19th century, psychology became an actual science because of the fascination of human behavior. Psychologists use observation to measure human behavior better to understand mental and biological processes, motives, and personality traits. Human behavior may be understood through applied and academic science (Psychology Majors, 2011). Based on this, research using the scientific method is necessary for statistical psychology. Early research and use of scientific method in psychology included the works of Edward Titchener. Titchener used structuralism to explore aspects of the mind. Research through this method focused on introspection, or individual conscious experience. Titchener used a table method similar to a chemistry periodic table to study human behavior. Titchener believed experimentation was the only scientific method to use for the study psychology (Northern Illinois University, 2003). A paradigm in psychology is a set of theoretical assertions that provide a model, abstract picture, or object of study (Kowalski & Westen, 2007, p. 11). A paradigm is a set of shared metaphors that compare any object of study through investigation. Many modern psychologists use innovative approaches to study human behavior to support traditional methods of psychology through use of research using the scientific method. ...
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...skills. “Computer-based video games can clearly facilitate students’ learning performance. This finding indicated that computer-based video game playing not only can improve participants’ fact differentiation/recall processes, but also promotes problem-solving skills by recognizing multiple solutions for problems.” (Chuang & Chen, 2009, p.7). In addition, playing computer games according to some research is beneficial. It enables the mind of the players to be more active, especially those puzzle-based games. It helps the player to come up with decisions in tight situations, especially those adventure games that keep the players to be alert, active and strategic. “This approach is to encourage student involvement by rewarding desirable behavior, including the completion of optional challenges,...
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