...Questions / Hypothesis ……………………… 1.4 Hypothesis …………………………………………….. 1.5 Purpose of the study …………………………………… 1.6 Significance of the study ……………………………… 1.7 Scope of the study …………………………………….. CHAPTER TWO Review of literatures 2.1 Fundamental concept of Nigeria Taxation ……………. 2.1.1 History of Nigeria Taxation …………………………… 2.1.2 Laws governing Income tax in Nigeria …..…………… 2.1.3 Importance of Taxation …………………………………. 2.1.4 Categories of Taxes …………………………………….. 2.2 Basis of tax Imposition (major provisions) ……………… 2.2.1 A review of major assessment provision ………………… 2.2.2 Relevant tax authorities ………………………………….. 2.3 Problems of tax collection ……………………………….. 2.3.1 In adequate qualified man power, poor motivation and corruption ……………………………………………… 2.3.2 Poor attitude to tax generation and usage………………… 2.3.3 Lack of management audit and unrealistic budgeting……. CHAPTER THREE Research methodology 3.1 Design of the study ………………………………………. 3.2 Area of the study ………………………………………… 3.3 Population ……………………………………………….. 3.4 Sample size ……………………………………………… 3.5 Sampling techniques ……………………………………. 3.6 Instrument of data collection ……………………………. 3.7 Validity and reliability of instrument …………………… 3.8 Techniques for data analysis ……………………………. CHAPTER FOUR Data presentation and Analysis………………………………… CHAPTER FIVE 5.1 Discussion of the study ………………………………….. 5.2 Summary of findings ……………………………………. 5.3 Implication of the research ………………………………. 5.4 Limitation of...
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...spurring economic growth, this stands that government must have the necessary tools in her kit to achieve this role. This attracted the attention of the researcher to evaluate the Personal Income Tax in Enugu state, taking the Enugu state Board of Internal Revenue as a case study.The primary objective of this research work is to investigate the mechanism, policies and other factors being applied by Enugu Board of Internal Revenue in other to highlight why they are not effective and efficient.In pursuant of the stated goal, primary data was collected by questionnaires and direct interview with both tax payers and tax officials. Secondary data was collected from published materials including textbooks and other relevant literature.The statistical analysis of the data showed among other things that the tax generation on income, is not increasing alongside with the expenditure of the state because of lack of proper machinery and method used by the board of Internal Revenue in collecting income tax due, ignorance, dishonesty and other factors working against effective tax administration in the state.On the basis of these identified problems, a number of recommendations would be made, which it is hoped that if implemented, would improve revenue generation through tax generally, and Personal Income Tax in particular. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Government has a primary duty of raising the standard of living of the people, maintain law and order and to defend...
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...History of U.S. Taxation A. An income tax on individuals was used to provide financing for the Civil War. ألغى then the war ended, the tax was repealed . In 1894, a new individual income tax was enacted سنت but the Supreme Court held the tax to be unconstitutional. After a constitutional challenge to the taxation of income, the Sixteenth Amendment, this sanctioned both the federal individual and corporate income taxes, عقوبات was ratified in 1913. The present income tax on individuals was enacted in 1913. The corporate income tax, which was originally adopted in 1909, withstood صمدت constitutional challenge because it was viewed as an excise tax, not a direct tax. ضريبة المكوس B. Numerous revenue acts, which rewrote completely the federal tax provisions, were enacted between 1913 and 1939. These provisions were reorganized and included, in a more permanent form, in the Internal Revenue Code of 1939. Thereafter, tax laws were changed when Congress adopted amendments to the 1939 Code; a complete rewriting of the laws was unnecessary. A revised Internal Revenue Code was adopted in 1954. The 1954 Code was the controlling body of tax law until 1986. In 1986, Congress enacted the most comprehensive overhaul of the Internal Revenue Code in over thirty years. As a result of the massive changes contained in the new law, the federal tax code was renamed the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. Nevertheless, many of the provisions of the 1954 Code were carried over to the...
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... 24 25 2 Executive Summary The National Board of Revenue (NBR), as the central authority of tax policy and administration in Bangladesh, plays a critical part in the development of the country. During the current fiscal year (FY 2010-11), NBR is expected to collect Taka 75,600 crore, providing much needed support to the government‟s development efforts. In recent years, Bangladesh‟s tax collection has recorded an impressive growth averaging 20% per annum. Despite this good achievement, a lot remains to be done. Bangladesh‟s tax-GDP ratio at 9.3% remains quite low when compared with other similarly placed countries in South Asia. Less than 1% of the population pays income tax and tax evasion is persistent even though a significant amount of tax revenue is given up in the form of tax incentives. Together, curbing tax evasion and dealing with tax incentives could add 5 percentage points to the tax-GDP ratio, potentially adding about 40,000 crore to the revenue collection. Most of NBR‟s processes are manual and there is little in the nature of taxpayer service and taxpayer education. The NBR also faces problems in its functioning due to its current administrative structure. Despite being under the same board, the different wings of the NBR (Income Tax, Value Added Tax (VAT) and Customs) operate almost independently providing little support to each other in combating tax evasion and providing a unified front to taxpayers. Moreover, the NBR faces the problems of acute shortage...
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...Introduction Value Added Tax is one of the most important sources of tax revenues in Bangladesh. Since its introduction in 1991, VAT is one of the most effective and efficient tools in resource mobilization. Value Added Tax has emerged as a principal instrument of taxing domestic consumption world wide during last four decades. It is now in operation in more than 130 Countries. Value added tax is a primary source of tax revenue in many European and other developed countries. Its importance is also increasing in the developing countries because of its effectiveness in mobilizing local resources. VAT proves to be an efficient tool for revenue collection; its performance, therefore, has direct impact on fiscal mobilization, macroeconomic stability, and development. The basic advantages of Value Added Tax can be stated as its neutrality, tranparency, certainty and self policing mechanism. Customs is an Authority or agency in a country responsible for collecting and safeguarding customs duties and for controlling the flow of goods including animals, personal effects and hazardous items in and out of a country. Depending on local legislation and regulations, the import and export of some goods may be restricted or forbidden, and the customs agency enforces these rules. Customs duty synonyms of tariff and involves a tax on commodities entering and leaving the country. In Bangladesh the levy and chargeability of customs duty are governed by the Customs Act 1969. Objective...
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...INCOME TAX ADMINISTRATION AND PERFORMANCE OF SMALL SCALE ENTERPRISES IN UGANDA ACASE STUDY OF GULU MUNICIPALITY BY HENRY EGYEYU ABSTRACT The research study was aimed at establishing effect of Income Tax Administration on the performance of small Scale Enterprises. Using Gulu Municipality as a case, in all Small Scale Businesses which were selected were analyzed and supplementary data was got from the respondents. The objectives of the study were to examine the Income Tax Administration, to examine the Performance of SSEs in terms of Growth, Profitability, and Survival, to find out the relationship between income tax administration and the performance of SSEs. In the methodology the researcher used research design, study population, sampling procedures which included sample design and also sample size, the data sources like primary data, secondary data, data collection methods and other methods of collecting data. Presentation, interpretation, and the discussions of the findings basing on the responses from the respondents of the questions and the findings were tax payers don’t get tax education, make little profits from their business among others Summary, conclusions, recommendations of the findings of the research analysis the findings of the study and draws summary of the main findings of the study and finally the research draws and gives recommendation and further research. CHAPTER ONE ...
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...[pic][pic][pic] Chapter - I Introductory Part 1.1 Rationale of the report SME financing has been identified as a major bottleneck for Bangladeshi SME’s growth. Unfortunately the issue seems to be as unresolved as it always has been. Though the majority of the issues are with the SMEs themselves, the banks and non-banking financial institutions (NBFI) also have major issues in designing financial products for the SMEs. Banks and NBFIs always play a major role in our country’s economy. The number of branches of private bank and NBFI is increasing day by day. As the number is increasing, the competitive environment is making the firms to be more aggressive, innovative and diversified. As a NBFI, United Leasing Company (ULC) was established in 1989 by reputed foreign and local institutions in collaboration with IDA. The objective was to create an Institution that will cater to the investment needs of our economy. As the competition is rising in the market, so ULC is also going through some changes of processes. They have introduced a department for analyzing clients before financing named Credit Department for all types of financing including small, medium and corporate enterprise financing. This internship report is about the credit approval process for Small Enterprise Financing in ULC. 1.2 Origin of the report Now a day, education is not just limited to books and classrooms. In today’s world, education is the tool to understand the real world and apply...
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... | Name : NGUYEN VAN A Age : June 01, 1975 Gender : Male Marital Status : Married Citizen of : Vietnam Position Applied : Human Resources Manager |CAREER SUMMARY | Feb 2011 to Now A JOINT STOCK COMPANY Asst Human Resources and GA Manager Sep 2003 to Feb 2011 B CO., LTD General Affairs and Human Resources Manager 1995 to 2003 C VIETNAM CO., LTD Human Resources and Administration Executive |PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE | Feb 2011 to Now A JOINT STOCK COMPANY Asst Human Resources and GA Manager • Making recruitment planning and take care all recruitment activities, ensure that qualified candidates are recruited timely to meet the needs of department; • Setting up internal labor law and review it every year. • Setting up compensation and benefit policy and review it every year • Preparation of Human Resource reports and statistics; • Consulting to General Director about Human Resource...
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...------------------------------------------------- Top of Form | | | | Language | | | | ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form | Bottom of Form | | | | | | * Tenders * Downloads * Income Tax Returns * Wealth Tax Return * Forms * Challans * International Taxation * Non Residents * Foreign Companies * Advance Rulings * Transfer Pricing * DTAA * Comprehensive agreements * Limited agreements * Other Agreements * Tax Information Exchange Agreement (TIEA) * Witholding Tax * Tax Law and Rules * Acts * Income Tax Act * Wealth Tax Act * Gift Tax Act * Expenditure Tax Act * Interest Tax Act * Finance Acts * Rules * Income Tax Rules * Wealth Tax Rules * Gift Tax Rules * Expenditure Tax Rules * Interest Tax Rules * Advance Ruling * ITAT Rules * Settlement Commission Rules * Circulars * Notifications * About Us * History of Direct Taxation * Vision, Mission, Values * Organisation and Functions * CBDT * Directorate Generals * Administration * Legal & Research * Systems * Vigilance * NADT * Exemptions * HRD * International Taxation * Logistics * Intelligence...
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...Introduction To Public Administration–MGT111 VU LESSON 01 INTRODUCTION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. The course on Public Administration/Management has following objectives: Understand the concept of public administration/ management/organization Understand the evolution of the concept of public administration and its importance Understand the role of government Understand the role and core functions of public manager Understand the structure of government /organizations Create understanding about the skills required by the public manager in imparting duties Understand the changing role of government and role of public managers. Importance of Course: The course on public administration/management is important as every citizen must understand the functioning of government. Besides, whether one works in private or public organization, or one is doing ones own business or whatever the profession, this course is useful as it helps understand organizations and their functioning. It also helps us understand the environment in which we are working. Introduction: definitions, concepts & setting At the end of lecture the students should be able to understanding: • The meaning of PA • The practice of public administration (PA) • Public administration as a subject of study • Definition of Public administration • Public administration, democracy and rights of citizens The Meaning The word ‘administration’ has been derived from Latin words ‘ad’ = to and ‘ministiare’ = serve and ‘Public’ =people...
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...finance as a resource within a business P2.1 Analyse the costs of different sources of finance for your chosen business. P2.2 Explain the importance of financial planning to the business organisation you have chosen. P2.3 Asses the information needs of different decision makers in your chosen business P2.4 Explain the impact of finance on the financial statements of your chosen business LO3 Be able to make financial decisions based on financial information P3.1 Analyse budgets and make appropriate decisions from the case study P3.2 Explain the calculation of unit costs and make pricing decisions using relevant information P3.3 Asses the viability of a project using at least two investment appraisal techniques LO4 Be able to evaluate the financial performance of a business P4.1 Discuss the main financial statements P4.2 Compare appropriate formats of financial statements for different types of business P4.3 Interpret financial statement using appropriate ratios and comparisons, both internal and external P 1.1 To start a new business you need money, to invest , acquisition equipment and make profit. After a period of evaluation the business I choose to...
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...Internship Report Subject: Interrelation Between Products, Interest RATES & Terms Of Finance Internship Organization: United Leasing Company Limited 22 , Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Dhaka Prepared for: Internship Supervisor Mr. Imran Rahman Associate Professor IBA, Univ. of Dhaka Prepared by Maruf Haider ZR 33, BBA 10th Institute of Business Administration University of Dhaka. June 25, 2006 June 25, 2006 Mr. G. M. Chowdhury Chairman Internship & Placement Program Institute of Business Administration University of Dhaka Dear Sir: I am glad to submit my Internship Report for the Internship Program (BBA 10th, 2006), herewith. I considered your remarks and instructions very carefully while preparing this report. I tried my level best to follow your schedule, format and discipline. I tried to comprehend all the areas related to this report. This has certainly enhanced my knowledge base with a practical orientation. Thank you for your consideration. Sincerely Yours, Maruf Haider ZR -33 , BBA 10th IBA Univ. of Dahaka Table of Contents Section 1 –Organization report 1.1 Background of ULC 1.2 Corporate Objective 1.3 Capital, Sponsors and Share Structure 1.4 Board of Directors 1.4.1 Executive Committee 1.5 Organizational Structure 1.5.1 Management 2.1 Lease Portfolio and Sector wise Exposure 2.2 Performance of ULC at a Glance 2.3 SWOT Analyses...
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...CAPSTONE PROJECT Project Title: APPLICABLE FINANCIAL POLICIES CHANGES THAT CAN BE USED TO ENCOURAGING HOUSE AND HOME OWNERSHIP IN MICHIGAN Submitted by: Submitted to University MBA/MS Program [list one] Capstone Mentor: [name] For University Use Date Received: ______________________________________________ Reviewed by: _______________________________________________ Approved/Disapproved: ______________________________________________ Signature: ______________________________________________ Date: ______________________________________________ Comments: ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Abstract The need to encourage house or homeownership has been in the government’s strategic plan since 1934, however, the current financial policies and practices in the housing finance and the mortgage market has characterized by minimum flow of capital in the secondary mortgage market, confusion on the main control authority and various ill practices. This fact has necessitated various changes in the house and homeownership financial. This study collected both primary and secondary data, and found out that the government must set the right policies that will empower house and home...
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...(Value Added Tax) Submitted To – Supervisor Mrs. Ummea Hazera Khatun Assistant Professor Department of Accounting Lalmatia Mahila College Submitted By – Nilima Akther BBA (Honor’s) 2nd year Roll No. - 9808944 Registration No. – 1860636 Session – 2010-2011 Department of Accounting Lalmatia Mahila College Date of Submission – 21 May 2014 Acknowledgement At first I would like to express my gratitude to the almighty Allah. It is the part of BBA program to submit a term paper. And as a student of BBA program of Lalmatia Mahila College, I have to submit a term paper report. My term paper topic is “Value Added Tax”. I have completed this term paper with the supervision of the Department of Accounting of Lalmatia Mahila College. Her cordial assistance and advice have influenced me much to complete this task. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all my teachers of the Department of Accounting of Lalmatia Mahila College, who have conveyed all the knowledge and necessary information to make enable to complete my Term paper successfully and provide me the opportunity to prove myself in the vigorously competitive modern area. I would like to deliver my special thanks to all my classmates and my entire well-wishers for their inspiration without which I would not be able to complete this term paper report. Declaration I do hereby declare that this report titled “Value Added Tax” has written...
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...is defined by the following characteristics; any type of borrowing from persons or banks for improving a business or personal income that is payable during short or long time; there are 2 types of liabilities. Non-current liabilities are loans which can be paid over a longer period than a year e.g. a mortgage bond. A current liability on the other hand is short terms debts that must be repaid within a year e.g. creditors (someone you owe money ) , Bank overdraft and SARS income tax, Question 1.2.1 Liquidity Ratio is determined by Current Assets – stock divide current liabilities Abe Ltd. | Bee Ltd | Abe Ltd liquidity is very limited as the ratio is 1:1R0 liquidity is available as all assets and liabilities are covering each other. | Bee Ltd. liquidity is more flexible with more than R70 000 liquidity available. | Abe Liquidity will find it difficult to meet each short term needs unless it is able to obtain additional current assets through the conversion of current assets or through financing, or through profitable operating results. | Bee Ltd will find it much easier to meet any short term need with flexible liquidity | A reasonable level does not exist and considerable discrepancies exist between different industries. | Question 1.2.2 Debtors Collection Period is determined by: Debtors divide Sales x 365 days a year = Collection of debts Period Abe Ltd. | Bee Ltd. | 190 / 1000 x 365 = 70 days |...
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