...The Approach to Care of Cancer Grand Canyon University Pathophysiology and Nursing Management of Client's Health June 13, 2013 The Approach to Care of Cancer In medical understanding, cancer is a malignant tumor that develops from epithelial cells, i.e. cells that cover almost all of human organs and tissues. The name of the disease is associated with the image of a crab or cancer, since tumor often produces arms in the surrounding tissue looking like the limbs of cancer. Cancer is the most frequent cause of death in economically developed countries. Approximately 12.7 million diagnoses of various cancer types are set every year, and over a half (7.6 million – 64 %) of oncology patients die (Jemal et al., 2011). Diagnosis and Staging Cancer may be of any disease group being characterized with uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells that may have spread throughout the body. It is believed that cancer develops from a single cell or a small group of cells after the changes that have occurred in their DNA - the genetic material that instructs cell behavior. Some cancers occur due to genetic abnormalities, and others are due to the action of carcinogens, environmental agents that can cause genetic mutations. Sometimes viruses interact with the cells genes and increase their chances of becoming malignant. Cells become cancerous when they are not able to perform their usual functions and interact with other cells, particularly respond to their signals. Cancer cells start...
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...over one hundred different types of cancer, and they all begin with the development and proliferation of abnormal cells. If untreated, cancer can cause illness, debilitation and death. In normal cell function, cells replicate and produce new cells as old cells are dying. Under normal circumstances out of control cellular reproduction does not occur. Cancer cells also grow in to other tissues invading their cellular structure. If the structural DNA of a cell is damaged, the cell then tries to repair itself and if unable the cell dies. Cancer cells do not die. They continue to replicate the cells with damaged DNA and spread the disease. Cancer cells are able to invade blood and body tissues and travel to different areas in the body where the damaged cells can invade and crowd out healthy tissue (What is Cancer, 2015). This paper will discuss the diagnosis, staging & complications of cancer, treatment options and side effects as well as methods to lessen physical and psychological effects. Diagnosis and Staging Early diagnosis of cancer is the key to early medical intervention and reduction in mortality. Diagnosing cancer can begin as simply as the discussion you have with your physician during a regular checkup. Pertinent medical history as well as family history of disease is important to identify risk factors. Laboratory data analyzing urine, blood and other bodily fluid specimens for high or low values helps in diagnosis of certain cancers. Diagnostic imaging studies looking...
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...A Case Study: Integration of Survivorship Care Plans and Treatment Summaries into Oncological Care Joyce Ross, RN, BSN, OCN University of Cincinnati Due: Monday, July 9, 2012 Professor: Jennifer McCord Course Number: 29NURS858 Section 701 Clinical Nurse Specialist/Nurse Educator Practicum III Author Guidelines for the Journal of Oncology Navigation and Survivorship The guidelines that must be adhered to in order to facilitate the editorial and production process for the Journal of Oncology Navigation and Survivorship include: * Manuscripts must be original and not published previously * Format requirements must be followed entirely * Authors are required to sign a Copyright Transfer Form * Authors must receive written permission to reuse or adapt any tables or figures that have been previously published The required manuscript format must be followed entirely and include: * Title page with the proper title, names and affiliations of all authors * Abstract with no more that 250 words that describes the main objectives and why the article is important * Conclusion with comments that offer rationale for the article and what it adds to the literature * Double spaced manuscript and numbered pages that are consecutive * Tables and figures must be cited in text * The length should be 2500-3000 words, plus tables and figures * Images must be saved as individual files * Provide all authors and highest academic degree and affiliations ...
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...Cancer Treatment Centers of America (“CTCA”) is a network of cancer hospitals providing state of the art cancer treatment in the United States. CTCA operates as a for profit specialty hospital and health care network with facilities in all regions of the contiguous United States. With patient cancer survival rates above national benchmarks, the Mother Standard of Care has proven to be an effective model for patient treatment and for business success. CTCA has introduced both process innovations and clinical innovations to the treatment of cancer diagnoses. A core competency that has distinguished CTCA from other providers is the Patient-Empowered Care “PEC” approach. The PEC approach is grounded in the original vision upon which the CTCA organization was created, which is the patient comes first. This approach of multi-member care team providers revolving around the patient, as opposed to the patient being required to move from one clinician to the next for treatment has resulted in increased productivity, better communication among the member of the care team, and most importantly, increased patient satisfaction. Another example of process innovation is the Commissioning Team, tasked with the responsibility of opening new CTCA sites as the organization expands. Responsibilities above and beyond the physical structure include selection of appropriate staff to fit into and complement the culture that CTCA has cultivated across its network. Another core competency is the electronic...
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...Running head: TARGETING BREAST CANCER AMONG AFRICAN AMERICAN Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………..3 Background…………………………………………..……………………………………………4 Preparing and Adapting to the Field..……………………………………………………………..5 Medical Anthropology Fieldwork Methodology...………………………………………………..6 Ethnographic Fieldwork Data Analysis …………………………………………………………..9 Reflective Comments/ Conclusion……………………………………………………….…….....9 References………………………………………………………………………………………..11 Targeting Breast Cancer among African American Women in Nash County: A Proposal to Identify Enabling and Reinforcing Factors of Seeking Preventative Screening Services Introduction Ethnographic field work is an excellent strategy in understanding and describing a cultural group. Field work is also an asset in performing a needs assessment in the planning phase of developing health promotion interventions. As described by Bailey (2002), “ethnographic techniques are integral tools for galvanizing and mobilizing communities for social action relative to generating a promotion and disease prevention agenda.” (Bailey, 2002) This paper serves as a proposal to conduct a medical anthropology field work project to assess reinforcing and enabling factors that promote the use of early detection and preventative breast cancer screening services among African American women. The study design consists of a qualitative ethnographic approach utilizing observation and focus group methodology....
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...environment of mutual respect and consideration. Cross cultural communication can enhance patient-provider relationships and improve quality of care outcomes. Cultural unfamiliarity hinders autonomy of the patient and threatens an optimum level of care health care professionals are sworn to strive towards. Language barriers and mediated conversations hinder communication and foster an environment filled with confusion and apprehension. This essay reviews a scenario featuring a health care team’s disregard for communication barriers and its impact on an Iranian man diagnosed with cancer. Recommendations are offered on traditional American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE) approaches to cross cultural medicine as they apply to this scenario. The ultimate objective is for health care providers and administrators to be aware of the possible impacts elicited by the lack of attention to language barriers and to provide approaches to combat these obstructions of quality health care. Keywords: cross-cultural medicine, cultural miscommunication, cultural awareness Lost in Translation Hospitals in the United States are not restricted to serving a single language population or culture. Many medical professionals consider cultural barriers a hindrance and do not make time to familiarize themselves with other cultures before providing care. This unawareness results in ethical dilemmas that question autonomy of the patient and does not promote beneficence. First, this essay examines...
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...Approach to Care Rajamma Sarasamma Grand Canyon University Pathophysiology and Nursing Management of Clients Health NRS-410V Crystal Perry March 20, 2014 Approach to Care “Cancer is the unrestrained development of unusual cells in the body. In the body, there are trillions of cells with many different purposes. These cells “grow and divide to help the body function properly. Cells die when they become old or damaged, and new cells replace them. Cancer develops when the body’s normal control mechanism stops working. Old cells do not die and cells grow out of control, forming new, abnormal cells” (National Cancer Institute, 2014, p. 1). The care of cancer is a multidisciplinary approach. Care of cancer means treating the whole person, treating the force of mind, body, and spirit to energize the process of healing. A whole spectrum of healing therapies are available and there is a wide range of specialists are available to help to make decisions about the diagnostic procedures, treatments available, and the support systems like medical, surgical, nutritional, physical, psychological, and spiritual There are two kinds of therapies available: the conventional and complimentary. The conventional therapies include: surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, stem cell transplant and hormonal therapy. This paper will describe the diagnosis and staging of cancer as well as the complications, side effects and management.” ”(I2013) Diagnosis “Early and accurate diagnosis...
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...Unit 7: Sociological perspectives for health and social care Contents No. | Title | Page no. | 1 | P1: Explain the principal sociological perspectives | 3 | 2 | P2: Explain different sociological approaches to health and ill health | 4 | 3 | P3: Explain patterns and trends in health and illness among different social groupings | 5-7 | | Bibliography | 8 | P1: Explain the principal sociological perspectives Functionalism- The functionalism perspective is the main rule in society and sees society in different ways. Functionalism sees society as a system of highly interrelated parts that work together harmoniously. The main role of an intuition was to socialise with individuals and to ensure that they understood the underlying values of their society and behaved in acceptable ways. This ensured that was order in society. An example of the functionalist approach is that they view society as a body and each part has a function for society to work harmoniously. Marxism- Marxism perspective is a structuralism model. This approach was produced by Karl Marx. He also thought that individual behaviour was shaped by society, but then he realised the economic system was the definition of society and people’s place within it. He then identified that in the industrial society of his time there were two social classes. The bourgeoisies/capitalists– the small powerful group who owned factories and the employments and the proletariat– a much larger poorer group of “worker”...
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...TREATING A PATIENT WITH CANCER: MAINTAINING PATIENT QUALITY OF LIFE Introduction Cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases in the U.S. Case (2011) noted that the 2010 report of the American Cancer Society (ACS) indicated that more than a million an d a half new cases of cancer are diagnosed every year. Along with physical disease, cancer also brings a significant impact on the patient’s overall quality of life (QOL). This paper asserts that for optimal patient outcome, healthcare workers, particularly nurses, need to attend to the cancer patient’s overall QOL rather than simply focusing on the physical disease of cancer. This essay will first address the issue of understanding what constitutes the patient’s QOL. Then key factors that directly affect the QOL are reviewed in the context of current best evidence. That will be followed by a section that addresses the nursing implications of this subject. The paper concludes with a brief summary and conclusion about the importance of maintaining patient QOL in cancer patients. The first element, is thus to define what is meant by “quality of life.” The next section of this paper addresses that specific issue. Defining Patient Quality of Life Before patient QOL can be addressed in a nursing practice, it is essential to understand what is meant by QOL. Bahrami (2011) has noted that no specific, well accepted definition of patient QOL exists. One reason for this lack of consensus on QOL is that life quality is a highly...
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...The Relationship of Spirituality in Hospital Healing Marilou Loisel Grand Canyon University Spirituality in Health Care HLT 310V Dr. Friederike Doak August 26, 2012 The Relationship of Spirituality in Hospital Healing This paper is going to explore the challenges encountered by medical institutions that incorporate an integrated approach of spirituality toward the healing process of an individual. In today's economic struggle, healthcare is having to face different challenges, including expensive new advancement in technology, new governmental regulations, and expensive new medicines. As the health care industry obviously deals with patients that are sick or dying, they may want to be compassionate, but they have to deal with everything that affects the institution's bottom line. There is a daring new approach that allows the health care industry to help patients with their suffering in an environment that is patient centered, loving, caring and compassionate. This new approach, called a Radical Loving Care, makes it conducive for every patient, and every employee to feel comfortable and valued. Because the focus is to care for the caregivers, they in turn do extraordinary patient care (Eberst, 2008). It is a win-win situation, because it promotes a healthy environment without affecting the bottom line. Unfortunately, this daring approach is not the normal practice of every hospital. Mercy Gilbert Medical Center (MGMC) was built in 2006, with a vision of creating...
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...spouse, and their parents. This was her first pregnancy and during her first trimester she was diagnosed with adrenal cancer. Family as Context The first approach to family nursing centers on the assessment and plan of care for this mother. In this approach the patient is foreground and the family is in the background (Kaakinen, Coehlo, Steele, Tabacco, & Hanson, 2015). In this case the mother was the one in need of health care due to her cancer diagnosis. She had to decide to wait for cancer treatment until she had her child, or terminate the pregnancy to start treatment right away. Her spouse and their parents were involved in this very difficult and...
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...Prevalence of Depression in Cancer Patients My topic of interest is the prevalence of depression in cancer patients. Prior to analyzing any literature my understanding was that cancer patients have a higher incidence of depression compared to the general population due to the decline in their health. My belief is shaped by a personal experience with a family member who had cancer and suffered from depression. This is significant to nursing because approximately 10-25 percent of cancer patients develop depression (Traeger, 2010). As depression develops within a cancer patient it can cause poorer treatment tolerance, decreased quality of life and an increased desire for death for patients with cancer (Traeger, 2010). These factors can result in reduced treatment effectiveness, treatment refusal, and disease management costs (Traeger, 2010). Furthermore, patients may have difficulty accepting their prognosis which can cause conflict between appropriate and compassionate end of life care causing distress in decision making (Traeger, 2010). Therefore, as health care professionals it is important that we are aware of this and offer the appropriate management and treatment options or interventions to increase the quality of life as well as help prevent the development of depression (Yang et al., 2013) (Neilson et al., 2012). During my preliminary search two articles were found; “The Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety among...
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...Various Methods Rebecca Bruce Oklahoma City University Abstract Colorectal cancer screening (CRC-S) should be a simple, safe, convenient, and inexpensive as possible, with high sensitivity and specificity that allows increased patient participation (Stevenson, 1991). As the third leading cause of US cancer-related deaths, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a serious health concern (CDC, 2014). In 2007, an estimated 158,500 people in the United States were diagnosed with CRC and an estimated 53,000 people died from colon cancer related deaths (ACA, 2014). A goal of healthcare professionals should be to provide education and outreach to all eligible patients for colorectal cancer screening at every possible opportunity. This goal will involve many different screening methods or a combination of these methods. The effort to reach more patients for CRC-S is a group effort among all disciplines and education levels. Keywords: colon cancer, colorectal screening, patient participation, screening methods CRC-S Increasing By Various Methods In the United States, Colorectal cancer can be prevented by the detection and removal of adenomatous polyps. Whenever possible, providers should educate and discuss with their patients the various methods available. Background and Significance The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) currently recommends screening for colorectal cancer using high-sensitivity fecal occult blood testing, flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy...
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...Administrative Ethics: Advances in Lung Cancer Care HCS/335 Tuesday, March 20th, 2012 Administrative Ethics: Advances in Lung Cancer Care In this paper, there will be a description of what the newspaper article covers about Lung Cancer treatment plus the population this issue affects the most. Examples the article uses to argue or present facts supporting the treatment research of Lung Cancer Patients, explanation of ethical and legal issues do to the involvement this article is talking about, explanation of the managerial responsibilities related to administrative ethic issues, and identification of proposals to create solutions. Description of Newspaper Article and Those It Affects “More Americans die from lung cancer each year than from breast, colon and prostate cancers combined, according to the National Institutes of Health. But it has long suffered from a stigma because of its association with smoking, receiving far less research funding than other forms of cancer.” (Thoms, 2012, para. 5-6) In reading the above quote it should inspire some to promote more research completion in the area of Lung Cancer. Factual information such as this is what makes the medical professionals working in the area of Lung Cancer Treatment want to bring this awareness to the general public. Each day these professionals go to their careers and have to witness his or her patients suffering from this horrible disease. Their hands are tied on providing more...
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...Cancer is the leading cause of deaths in United States (CDC, 2012) even though there are significant improvements and increased treatment options available in today’s world. There are over a million new cases reported each year. Around 1,500 deaths reported each day due to cancer (CDC, 2012). Cancer is considered a group of disease that is described as uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. The result of uncontrolled growth of these abnormal cell leads to a death of a person. There are several contributing factors that fall into two broader categories such as External and Internal. External are related to tobacco, chemicals, radiations and infectious organism where internal category relates to inherited mutations, immune conditions and hormones that happens from metabolism. Further, the gender, ethnicity and overall lifestyle behavior also relates to cancer. Lack of physical activity, obesity and exposure to hazardous environmental also lead to this disease. These factors may act together or in sequence that initiate or promote the development of cancer. Several types of cancer are preventable such as cancer caused by cigarette smoking and heavy usage of alcohol. American cancer society estimated around 173, 200 cancer deaths due to tobacco use (CDC 2012). In general, cancer patients are often having mood disorders like anxiety and depression. According to National Cancer Institute (NCI), many patients experience sadness, grief and anxiety, therefore it is very important...
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