...Arab-Israeli Conflict The Arab League * October 1945 Britain helped form the Arab League * The first members were Egypt, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon and Saudi Arabia * Its purpose was to prevent Soviet progress in the region * Others joined as they became independent * By 1983 new members included Sudan, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Oman, South Yemen, Kuwait and Bahrain * The 36 million Arabs had a common language and culture * Most were Muslims and hated colonial rule * They had similar economic problems * Even oil rich states had unequal distribution of wealth among rich and poor * But above all else they hated Israel Palestine 1923-47 * British Mandate from 1923 * Promises made during World War I led to Arab expectations * Also led to Jewish hopes for a homeland * Theodore Herzl (Viennese Jew) started the Zionist Movement * 1896 First Zionist Congress – he proposed a national home for the world’s Jews * The Balfour Declaration seemed to be a British commitment to this * 1920s 10,000 Jews a year settled in Palestine * Arabs alarmed – saw this as more Western imperialism * 1922 Churchill said it was a promise of a national Jewish home not a state * 1929 Arab riots against the 100,000 Jewish settlers * Jews protected themselves with the Haganah (their own security force) 1930s * 1933 Britain restricted Jewish immigration to Palestine to appease the Arabs * Led to Jewish riots *...
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...exacerbated tensions between the Arabs living in Mandate Palestine and the Jews who emigrated there during the Ottoman period. Signed in January 1919, the Faisal–Weizmann Agreement promoted Arab-Jewish cooperation on the development of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine and an Arab nation in a large part of the Middle East, though this event had little to no effect on the conflict. In 1920, the San Remo conference largely endorsed the 1916 Anglo-French Sykes–Picot Agreement, allocating to Britain the area of present day Jordan, the area between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea, and Iraq, while France received Syria and Lebanon. In 1922, the League of Nations formally established the British Mandate for Palestine and Transjordan, at least partially fulfilling Britain's commitments from the 1915–16 McMahon–Hussein Correspondence by assigning all of the land east of the Jordan River to the Emirate of Jordan, ruled by Hashemite king Abdullah but closely dependent on Britain, leaving the remainder west of the Jordan as the League of Nations Mandatory Palestine. While the British had made promises to give both Arabs and Jews land, the British claimed they had never promised to give either side all of the land. Rising tensions had given way to violence, such as the 1920 Nebi Musa riots, and Jaffa riots of 1921. To assuage the Arabs, and due to British inability to control Arab violence in the Mandatory Palestine any other way, the semi-autonomous Arab Emirate of Transjordan was...
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...The Arab – Israeli Conflict: Peace Building Learning Institution Student Name Introduction The Arab-Israeli conflict is not a single conflict especially when analyzing and evaluating movements towards new forms of behavior in a given conflict system (Bar-Siman-Tov, 2013: 1). The United States played in a key role in the encouragement of a creation of a conflict management framework that could be applied. It was realized that there would be a need for a further and deeper learning process to enable conflict resolution (Bar-Siman-Tov, 2013: 1). As an intrastate conflict, the Palestinian-Israeli conflict should be seen above all as a major human problem involving approximately 3 million people who have been systematically deprived of their individual freedoms and right of self-determination through nearly three decades of military occupation (Kaufman, 2012: par 5). The decision to form a truth and reconciliation commission can drastically affect the future of a society recovering from a traumatic past (Coleman, 2013: par 7). He specific conditions of the nation, culture and peoples involved must be considered carefully before deciding to form a truth and reconciliation commission (Coleman, 2013: par 3). Societies emerging from violent conflict or oppressive regime often find it difficult t recover, build a future, and prevent themselves from falling into the conflict trap (Committee, 2011: par 4).The core pillars of transitional justice are truth seeking...
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...Analysis of Media Within The Arab-Israeli Conflict “Unless and until something concrete is done about addressing the Israeli-Palestinian issue you won't get a real start on the war against terrorism.” – Bob Hawke The media is used for many different reasons. Since technology has advanced, media is wide spread mainly through social networks such as Twitter and Facebook. Since the first Zionist Conference in 1897, Palestine has fought to keep its land. Ever since, the Arab-Israeli conflict has been in the center of media news. Subsequently, in 1948, war was declared for the land between Israel and Palestine. Different sources have been bias and in favour of Israel in regards to how they describe the conflict, statistics and other governments’ support. The media has been bias and in favour of Israel because of how they describe the conflict. Firstly, the descriptions of the same events that have occurred differ between Israel and Palestine. For example, the legal status labeled replicates different positions of the West bank and Gaza Strip. One could be called a “disputed territories and the other “Occupied territories”. Although both are considered to be part of Palestine, it is labeled in favour of how the Israelis would call it. Secondly, when addressing the Israeli occupied areas, it has many names. For example, the blockage between the Palestinians and Israelis can be a security fence or apartheid...
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.... ìGETTING TO NOî AN ANALYSIS OF FAILED MEDIATION IN THE ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CONFLICT (1993-2000) Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy Thesis Submitted by Ahsiya Posner 9 February 2003 Under the advisement of Professor Eileen Babbitt and Professor Diana Chigas ABSTRACT This paper will attempt this difficult but important task with the humble understanding that ìthe full storyî is impossible to know and telló even for the very participants of the process. Nevertheless, in this investigation, the author will explore four main questions. The first three questions are: 1) did the OPP set the Israelis and Palestinians on a trajectory that ìdoomedî CD2 from the start?; 2) were there problems inherent to the process and structure of CD2 that led to its failure?; and, 3) how should future mediation attempts of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict be structured in order to meet with more success? The fourth question, however, requires further introduction. The forthcoming study of CD2 will be guided by a ìProvisional Framework (PF)î of seven criteria that I believe are necessary ingredients to successful peacemaking processes. I devised this framework after consulting existing literature and scholars in the field of mediation and negotiation in general, as well as after reviewing scholarly pieces focusing on the Israel-Palestinian peace process in particular. Thus, after using this framework to analyze CD2, conclusions will thus be drawn with regard to a fourth and final question:...
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...History 361-01-Jewish History The Human Shield The debate over the use of human shields in combat has gone on for years and it is a hot topic as it pertains to the ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestine. Even though the act of using human shields can be traced all the way back to the 13th century when it was a tactic used by the Mongols in combat, the issue seems to have become an international focus especially under the microscope placed on the Israeli-Palestine conflict. The question now is why has so much attention been placed on the use of human shields by Israeli and Palestinian troops when there is documentation in one form or another of this “tactic” being used in every major conflict or war that has occurred over the last 300 years? As it relates to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, there are numerous articles and news reports which offer insight and accusations as to why this tactic is being used so liberally in this conflict. Whereas Pro-Israel reports shift blame to Palestinian fighters, likewise Pro-Palestinian reports shift blame to Israel. Finding any Israeli or Palestinian report offering a non-biased report going against its government or nation is quite difficult. For the purpose of military affairs, human shield is defined by freedictionary.com, as a person who takes a position at a likely military target as a means of forestalling an enemy attack...
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...a peaceful resolution of the Arab-Israeli conflict.’ How accurate is this statement? The Arab-Israeli conflict refers to the political tensions and open hostilities between the Arab peoples and the Jewish community of the Middle East that have lasted for decades. The conflict, which started as a political and nationalist conflict over competing territorial ambitions has become highly protracted and other issues such as the rise in terrorist organizations and its role in the Cold War arena have became stumbling blocks to a peaceful resolution of the Arab-Israeli conflict. Nevertheless, the issue of territory is the main reason that hindered the peace progress because of the unwillingness of all parties to make concessions on territories, which stalled all peace talks. The issue of territory is the key stumbling block to a peaceful resolution of the Arab-Israeli conflict due to competing territorial ambitions between Palestine-Arabs, Israelis and the Arab nations, that made the conflict intractable. Little compromises could be made on territorial issues as it involves the sovereignty of the state. The city of Jerusalem was also a much sought after territory due to its religious significance to both the Jews and Muslims. During the first Arab-Israel war of 1948, Israel managed to expand her territory beyond what was previously stated in the Partition Plan by 21% through the act of driving out the Arabs and seizing the areas promised to Arab Palestine to fulfill the acquisition...
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...The Arab-Israeli Relations Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation The Arab-Israeli Relations Part 1: The Conflict The Arab-Israeli conflict started way back after the end of the Second World War. Since then, it has become one the most violent regions when viewed in a global scope. The conflict has been characterized by some catastrophic inter-state wars within the region, and it has been a matter of concern for most global powers. The conflict is one of the most profound and prolonged conflicts in the recent times and has been the major cause of wars in the Middle East. Though most people view it as an Arab-Israeli conflict, others see it in two dimensions namely; the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and the Arab-Israeli conflict. The conflict can be traced back to that time in history when the Zionist movement came up with the idea to build a home for the Israelis in Palestine (Bickerton, 2012). The idea was met with opposition on the part of the Arab population in Palestine. The conflict attracted the neighboring Arab countries who took the Palestinian Arab side. In 1948, the state of Israel was established, and the existing conflict between Arabs in Palestine and the Israeli shifted from the local context to the inter-state level (Bickerton, 2012). Since then, the Israeli relations with the Arab world has taken different directions. The shifting process has been based on new and broken relationships between single Arab states and Israel. It has also...
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...In the context of the period 1895-2000, how far can the birth of Israel be held responsible for the conflict over Palestine? The State of Israel was inaugurated on 14th May 1948 by David Ben-Gurion in what is now Independence Hall in Tel-Aviv. Since then Israel has had a turbulent history, the situation today maintaining this violent trend. This is the reason many hold Israel and thus its birth responsible for this century old conflict, however this reasoning is too simple for a conflict that has lasted for more than a century. An ancient claim, a nationalist movement, two wars, foreign powers, genocide and the UN created Israel, however there is more than one group of people; the other peoples that live in the land of Palestine can share the responsibility for the conflict alongside their Arab neighbours. However it is reasonable to say one can be held more responsible than the other. The Jewish people played an important part in the history of Palestine for many centuries before the birth of Christ. The Jewish version of this period is told in the Bible. It describes how God chose the Jews as his special people and gave them the land of Israel. Under the kings David and Solomon the Jews reached a peak of power in the 10th century before Christ however by the end of the second century AD Jews were no longer a majority in Palestine. The Diaspora had spread the Jewish people far across Europe where they suffered much anti-Semitic discrimination from persecution to the pogroms...
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...The Israeli’s and Palestinians have been fighting over control of the same piece of land for nearly a century. (“The Mideast: A Century of Conflict”). The fighting has been relentless, taking devastating tolls on both the Israeli peoples and the Palestinian peoples. The constant violence and killing has only remained a fuel for the hatred and blood thirsty motivation against one another. This conflict has torn families apart, ruined ties between two groups of people, and put the rest of the world in difficult position, as well as their neighboring countries, due to the fact that no one knows how to help. How do you calmly and efficiently resolve an issue that has ensued for over one hundred years? Which there lies another portion of the problem....
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...Arab Israel Conflict 1948 War started when 5 Arabs nations (Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan & Iraq) invaded territory in the just-ended-to-be-British Mandate. It happens right after the announcement of the independence of the state of Israel on 14th May 1948. The fight has actually begins before that, because of the Partition Resolution, the United State Resolution (that would divide Great Britain’s former Palestinian mandate into Jewish and Arab states) on 29/11/1947. Arab do not want to accept the arrangement that they think Jewish get more benefits in the arrangement. The United Nations resolution sparked conflict between Jewish and Arab groups within Palestine. Fighting began with attacks by irregular bands of Palestinian Arabs attached to local units of the Arab Liberation Army composed of volunteers from Palestine and neighboring Arab countries. These groups launched their attacks against Jewish cities, settlements, and armed forces. The Jewish forces were composed of the Haganah, the underground militia of the Jewish community in Palestine, and two small irregular groups, the Irgun, and LEHI. The goal of the Arabs was initially to block the Partition Resolution and to prevent the establishment of the Jewish state. The Jews, on the other hand, hoped to gain control over the territory allotted to them under the Partition Plan. The fighting intensified with other Arab forces joining the Palestinian Arabs in attacking territory in the former Palestinian mandate. On...
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...UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT IS POSSIBLE WHEN ANSWERING SIMILAR QUESTIONS IN THEIR OWN STUDIES. The confrontation between the Jewish state and its Arab neighbours is one of the most enduring and iconic conflicts that still persist today. Many scholars have argued that ‘for the best part of a century the Arab-Israeli conflict has been a complex problem with important ramifications for the international community’[1] – and this is in many ways the truth. Created out of the ashes of the Second World War under the awful spectre of the Nazi Holocaust, Israel as a nation has survived and prospered both politically and economically, in no small part due to Western – primarily French and American – assistance. The Arab states have correspondingly been opposed to America and the West based on this implied support for Israel and has therefore turned to different stratagems in an attempt to combat this alliance – such as balancing with the USSR during the Cold War and increasingly using its market power (derived from the various oil reserves in the region) to further its political aims in the two decades since the Iron Curtain fell. Into this context there were two major (albeit rather short) wars – the Six Day War of 5-10 June 1967 and the Yom Kippur War of October 1973. Decisive, cataclysmic and dramatic, these two conflagrations have in many ways defined the conflict as it is today. But what were the main strategic and political consequences of these two wars? This essay will attempt to answer...
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...5/8/2014 Israeli–Palestinian conflict - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Israeli–Palestinian conflict From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Israeli–Palestinian conflict (Arabic: اﻟﻨﺰاع اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﯿﻨﻲ - اﻹﺳﺮاﺋﯿﻠﻲ al-Niza'a al'Filastini al 'Israili; Hebrew: הסכסוך הישראלי-פלסטיני Ha'Sikhsukh Ha'YisraeliFalestini) is the ongoing struggle between Israelis and Palestinians that began in the mid-20th century.[1] The conflict is wide-ranging, and the term is sometimes also used in reference to the earlier sectarian conflict in Mandatory Palestine, between the Zionist yishuv and the Arab population under British rule. The Israeli–Palestinian conflict has formed the core part of the wider Arab–Israeli conflict. It has widely been referred to as the world's "most intractable conflict".[3][4][5] Despite a long-term peace process and the general reconciliation of Israel with Egypt and Jordan, Israelis and Palestinians have failed to reach a final peace agreement. The remaining key issues are: mutual recognition, borders, security, water rights, control of Jerusalem, Israeli settlements,[6] Palestinian freedom of movement,[7] and resolving Palestinian claims of a right of return for their refugees. The violence of the conflict, in a region rich in sites of historic, cultural and religious interest worldwide, has been the object of numerous international conferences dealing with historic rights, security issues and human rights, and has been a factor hampering tourism in and...
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...Introduction As being stated by Samuel P. Huntington, the Clash of Civilization is a hypothesis in which the primary sources of conflicts in the post-cold war era are more dominant to the people’s cultural and religious identities. Civilization has three attributes which are the objective elements – language, history religion, customs, and institution; the subjective elements – variable levels of self-identification; and civilization itself is dynamic – they rise and fall, divide and merge. II. The Relation between the “Kin-Country” Theory by Samuel P. Huntington and The U.S. Attitudes Towards the Palestinian-Israeli Issues. Samuel P. Huntington also stated a theory about civilization rallying – or well-known as “Kin-Country Syndrome”. In his “Kin-Country...
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...the advancement of the peace process between Israel and Palestine?“ was to provide a thorough examination of the Arab-Israeli conflict and estimate the possible courses of its development in case of UN interference into the matter. The method used in the process of investigation consisted in accessing English and Israeli websites, including the official website of the Parliament of Israel, in order to collect the necessary information on the issue. A vast amount of opinions was gathered and applied in the research, that helped to create the holistic picture of the problem under consideration. As a result of the investigation the conclusion has been drawn that at the present moment Palestinian bid for statehood and membership rather added to the problem than helped to solve it. Although each of the UN members has its own interests to pursue in this conflict, the majority of the UN member states still refrain from any steps towards the conflict resolution and consider the admission of Palestine to the UN impossible until certain agreement is achieved between the two countries. Page numbers Introduction to the Essay 2 Subheading 1: The attempts to negotiate peace between Israel and Palestine. 4 Subheading 2: The official standpoints of the sides involved. Reasons for obtaining UN membership and statehood. Public response in Palestinian and Israeli society. 7 Subheading 3: The position of the USA. The attitude of the UN member states to the Palestinian policy...
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