What kind of attribution do people most often make about others?
Internal
If Little Joey gets punished every time he plays with matches, Joey may develop a negative attitude toward matches. If so, what would social psychologists say best explain Joey's negative attitude toward them? operant conditioning
Which of the following is NOT one of the three components of attitudes?
Evaluative
________attribution is to person to as ________ attribution is to situation Internal; external
Which of the following processes is most likely to lead to increased intrinsic motivation? self-perception processes
One problem with using severe punishment to control behaviors is that it | serves as an external justification for "being good", so a child has no incentive to behave when s/he thinks s/he won't be caught |
When we conclude that there is something about a situation that is causing a person's behavior, we are making a(n)______ personal attribution
________ refers to the desire to undertake an activity because of external rewards, not because we find it interesting or enjoyable in its own right.
Extrinsic motivation
In the forbidden toy experiment the boys least likely to play with the forbidden toy robot when later given the opportunity to play with any toy they wanted were those who 6 weeks earlier had been told simply "it is wrong to play with the robot" before being left alone with the toys. | | When people make the fundamental attribution error, they tend to | | underestimate the situational influences on people's behavior |
When you make a concession to someone, you give up something that you wanted from him/her. After you make the concession, it is most likely that you will make external justifications for your behavio
_ refers to the desire to undertake an activity because of external rewards, not because we find it interesting or enjoyable in its own righ
Extrinstic motivation
Cialdini reports that severe initiation ceremonies, such as some tribal rites and the practice of "hazing" pledges who seek to join a student group (like fraternities and sororities) heighten the initiate's commitment to the group
According to Robert Cialdini, the drive to be (and look) __________ constitutes a highly potent weapon of social influence.
Consistent
Studies have found that many people think that rape victims and battered women must have done something to cause what happened to them. This is called "blaming the victim" and is most closely related to the phenomenon of belief in a just world.
According to attribution theory, if we aren't making the fundamental attribution error, then we tend to fall prey to the actor-observer effect. The actor-observer effect refers to a tendency to attribute our own behavior to external (situational) causes, but attribute the behavior of others to internal (dispositional) cause
Why are people more likely to make internal rather than external attributions?

People are motivated to make self-serving attributions. ccording to Robert Cialdini, people prefer consistency in their thoughts and actions becaus its efficient
According to Kelley's covariance model in attribution theory, when observers consider the extent to which different people are responding in the same way in a given situation, they are using ________ information.
Consensus
According to Kelly's covariation model of attribution theory, when distinctiveness is ________, consensus is ________, and consistency is high, people are likely to make an external attribution about another person's behavior. low; high
Several researchers have found that we tend to think that bad things happen to bad people, and never to good people. These findings best represent | belief in a just world. | The lowball technique for gaining compliance capitalizes on the principles of | | commitment and consistency. attitudes are those based primarily on people's feelings and values than on their beliefs about the nature of an attitude object.
Affective based
According to Cialdini, the reason we can be easily exploited by "compliance professionals" (and others) using reciprocity is our obligation under the reciprocity principle to
Give
The tendency to infer that people's behavior corresponds to or matches their underlying personality or disposition is known as the fundamental attribution error. It is also called the
Correspondence bias
When we make attributions, we are conforming to the behavior required of our role
The door-in-the-face procedure works on the basis of reciprocity
The learning process whereby behaviors that people freely choose to perform increase or decrease in frequency over time, depending on whether they are followed by positive reinforcement or punishment, is called
Classical conditioning
If there routinely is conflict between faculty and students at your school, then it is likely that students regard faculty as
Out group
Comments such as: "They all look alike" illustrate:
Out-group homogeneity bias
A "superordinate goal" is a goal that conflicting groups seek for their mutual benefit, so that it ties their interests together rather than driving them apart When people act contrary to their self-perceptions as reasonable and sensible people, they experience a feeling known as ________.
Cognitive dissonance
The idea that prejudice can be reduced by interacting with members of an out-group is called the ontact hypothesi
If we don't really agree with someone but do something simply to gain his favor, our behavior illustrates the process of ___
Indentification
The concept of ________ refers to the idea that when no bystanders to a possible emergency appear to be concerned, other bystanders assume that nothing is wrong. pluralistic ignorance
The greater the number of people who find any idea correct, the more a given individual will perceive the idea to be correct. This phenomenon is called
Social proof
The commitments most influential in changing a person's self-concept or identity are those that are active, public, effortful, and freely chosen
In ________ relationships, partners are less concerned with ________ and more concerned with the welfare of the other partner. communal; equity issues

The statement "share, and share alike" reflects which distributive principle?
Equiality
____ refers to the property of a group that binds members together
cohesiveness