...Past to Present: The Influence of “Muscular Christianity” Doris N. Jamerson Liberty University Abstract This paper will explore the beginnings of Muscular Christianity and its influence on the youth population. I examined James A. Mathisen’s (1990) sociological article about Gil Dodds establishing Muscular Christianity as a norm in culture. Muscular Christianity has been through different stages during the late 1700s through 1900s. Each stage was influenced by very important men who helped contribute fundamentalist idealisms in their time. His case study analyzed the involvements of Thomas Arnold, Charles Kingsley, Thomas Hughes, Charles Studd, Bud Schaeffer and Gil Dodds. Each of these men had different interpretations of muscular Christianity based off of their backgrounds. Mathisen compared each interpretation and created a timeline of contributions to the rise of modern day religious sport culture. Past to Present: The Influence of “Muscular Christianity” Muscular Christianity is a religious connection of Christianity to physical well-being. Many organizations today are influenced by this modern day form of Christianity. The YMCA an organization we are all familiar with is a prime example of combining religious values with healthy living. The YMCA’s mission incorporates values such as honesty, responsibility, and caring. They focus on youth development and physical health. Youth ministries are included in their programs for youth. The YMCA is an organization...
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...Nutrition for Performance CRN: 6978 October 7, 2013 ------------------------------------------------- Testosterone ------------------------------------------------- History & Uses Scott Livingston How did knowledge of testosterone come about? Well, in 1849 Arnold Berthold, a German scientist conducted the first formal experiment pertaining to hormones. He noticed that chickens that were castrated during development grew up to be passive (lacking fighting and mating behaviors) compared to normal roosters. Arnold Berthold decided to implant testes into the abdomens of castrated chickens. The chickens with implanted testes grew up to behave like normal roosters. Thus, Berthold concluded that the testes much secret some sort of substance since they were not connected to nerves. He said, “ The testes act upon the blood, and the blood acts upon the whole organism.” (Berthold, 1849). In 1889 Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard, a Harvard professor, decided to inject himself with substance containing extracts from guinea pig and dog testicles; he called this concoction a “rejuvenating elixir” (Brown-Séquard, 1889). Brown-Séquard published in The Lancet that his energy, vigor, and overall health were restored, but the effects did not last long; Brown-Séquard attributed this to placebo effect. Because of these findings, Brown-Séquard was mocked by his colleagues, forcing him to give up on his research. In 1927 Fred C. Koch, a professor at the University of Chicago, realized...
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...Financial Management Assignment | Case Study and Question Analysis | Amandeep Singh Kabli F-084 Section - B | Case: 1 Arnold Athletic Supplies Answer: Required Rate of return > =WACC Equity* cost of equity + debt*Interest (1-tax) WACC= -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Debt + equity Equity = Market value of the equity = No. of shares* market Value of the share = 1,2000,000 * 25 ------------------------------------------------- = 30,000,000 Debt = > Bonds = 1,500,000 Mortgages = 1,400,000 ------------------------------------------------- Cost of equity = (div1/Po) + g ------------------------------------------------- = 10.24 % Cost of Debt From Profit and loss account: Tax Rate: 39.47 % Bonds = 13% Effective bond rate = 13(1-.3947) = 7.8689% Effective mortgage rate = 14(1-.3947) = 8.4742 % ------------------------------------------------- Using the above data WACC = 10.06% So the current WACC is 10.06 % ------------------------------------------------- WACC with Option 1 Assuming the bond life is 10 years Effective Coupon Rate = Interest + (Redeemable Value –Market Price)/2 ----------------------------------------------------------------- ...
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...Situation Analysis Detroit Public Schools is in a transitional process striving for improvement. As budget challenges force retirement of seasoned teachers and unemployment for others, resources and extracurricular activities share a fate of extinction. Courses that promote creativity to produce young writers, musicians and artist and programs that build inner strength, discipline, teaming and socialization such as physical education are eliminated or severely scaled down. According to an interview with Mrs. Cohen, UAW representative of Hamilton Elementary, $10,000 is required to educate each student, but Detroit Public Schools is receiving $7,000 per student. Although, the program “No Child Left Behind” was enacted to give children equal opportunity despite extraordinary circumstantial, academic and environmental conditions, inner-city students are beginning their educational endeavor discounted and disadvantaged. Educators are frustrated, many parents are uninvolved, and the children are angry and becoming more violent daily. Regular episodes of physical violence plague Detroit Public Schools; thus, a new channel such as Martial Arts needs integration into the school system to redirect instability. The Need School violence has negatively impacted the learning process and has forced the federal and state governments to enact programs for safer schools. According to Kym Worthy, prosecutor of Wayne County, “School violence is an issue that has plagued America for years...
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...capitalise only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns. Do not capitalise the first letter of the second word in a hyphenated compound word. Capitalise all major words in journal titles. If within the same paragraph, reference is made to the same author(s) for a second and further time(s), the year of publication is omitted in the second and further references - as long as it does not lead to confusion. Multiple publications; same author • Same author; different years Normal conventions (author, year, title, etc). • Same author; same year More than one reference by an author in the same year: these are distinguished in order of publication using a lower-case alphabetical suffix after the year of publication (eg 1988a, 1988b, 1988c, etc). The same suffix is used to distinguish that reference for the in-text citations. Order of Listing The List of References is ordered alphabetically by primary authors' surnames. • Multiple authors. o Use the sequence of authors' surnames exactly as given in the publication. The primary author, ie, major contributor, is listed first by the publisher. • Same author: o different years: list the author's references chronologically, starting with the earliest date. o same year: use an alphabetical suffix (eg 1983a, 1983b). Compiled by OpenJournals Publishing Books Single Author In-Text Example (Doss 2003) Reference List Example Doss, G., 2003, IS Project...
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...Quaker and Snapple In 1994, grocery store legend Quaker Oats purchased the new kid on the block, Snapple, for $1.7 billion. Fresh from their success with Gatorade, Quaker Oats wanted to make Snapple drinks just as popular. Despite criticisms from Wall Street that they paid $1 billion too much for the fruity drinks, Quaker Oats dove head-first into a new marketing campaign and set out to bring Snapple to every grocery store and chain restaurant they could. However, their efforts failed miserably. Snapple had become so successful because they marketed to small, independent stores; the brand just couldn’t hold its own in large grocery stores and other retailers nationally. Pepsi and Coca-Cola themselves began releasing Snapple-like drinks and the general public’s new-found taste for Snapple beverages was beginning to wane. After just 27 months, Quaker Oats sold Snapple for $300 million (or, for those of you doing the math, a loss of $1.6 million for each day that the company owned Snapple). CEO William Smithsburg’s reputation was forever tarnished, and numerous executives were fired. Rasmussen College School of Business QUAKER OATS AND SNAPPLE “We have an excellent sales and marketing team here at Gatorade. We believe we do know how to build brands, we do know how to advance businesses. And our expectation is that we will do the same as we take Snapple as well as Gatorade to the next level.” -Don Uzzi, President of the Quaker Oats Beverage Company, North...
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...HARVARD Reference Style Guide an g ro eh n sa y caxe )sno a ouq ...llllaniiiigiiiiro ehtt niiii sa yllllttcaxe )snoiiiittttattttouq . an g ro ehtt n sa y ttcaxe )sno a ouq an g ro eh n sa y caxe )sno a ouq cer d ro seog os a s h dna( denrecnoc era " aro vaheb" "ro vaheb" sa hcus sdrow o gn eps eh sa ra sa( reve ahw e c ra na koob a o e eh "ypoc" esae P se oN cer d ro seog os a s h dna( denrecnoc era " aro vaheb" "ro vaheb" sa hcus sdrow o gn eps eh sa ra sa( reve ahw e c ra na koob a o e eh "ypoc" esae P se oN ttttceriiiid roffff seog oslllla siiiihtttt dna( denrecnoc era "llllaroiiiivaheb"////"roiiiivaheb" sa hcus sdrow ffffo gniiiilllllllleps ehtttt sa raffff sa( revettttahw////ellllciiiittttra na////koob a ffffo ellllttttiiiitttt ehtttt "ypoc" esaellllP ::::settttoN cer d ro seog os a s h dna( denrecnoc era " aro vaheb" "ro vaheb" sa hcus sdrow o gn eps eh sa ra sa( reve ahw e c ra na koob a o e eh "ypoc" esae P se oN • • • • Order of Listing The List of References is ordered alphabetically by primary authors' surnames. • Multiple authors. o Use the sequence of authors' surnames exactly as given in the publication. The primary author, ie, major contributor, is listed first by the publisher. • Same author: o different years: list the author's references chronologically, starting with the earliest date. o same year: use an alphabetical suffix (eg 1983a, 1983b). Compiled by OpenJournals Publishing When referring to any work that is NOT a journal, such as a book, article...
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...After the year 1984 passed the world breathed a sigh of relief that Orwell’s prophecy of oppression by government or a “big brother” did not come true. In 1985 Neil Postman published Amusing Ourselves to Death in which he describes a takeover of a passive society using Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World as the prophecy. Postman describes imminent death by comparing Orwellian fears to those of Huxley’s: “We had forgotten that alongside Orwell’s dark vision, there was another – slightly older, slightly less well known, equally chilling: Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World. Contrary to common belief, Huxley and Orwell did not prophesy the same thing…What Orwell feared were those who ban books. What Huxley feared was that there would be no reason to ban a book, for there would be no one who wanted to read one. Orwell feared those who would deprive us of information. Huxley feared those who would give us so much that we would be reduced to passivity and egoism. Orwell feared that the truth would be concealed from us. Huxley feared the truth would be drowned in a sea of irrelevance. Orwell feared we would become a captive culture. Huxley feared we would become a trivial culture, preoccupied with some equivalent of the feelies, the orgy porgy, and the centrifugal bumblepuppy…In 1984, Huxley added, people are controlled by inflicting pain. In Brave New World they are controlled by inflicting pleasure” (vii). With entertainment and technology surrounding the population everyday...
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...Chapter 1 Introduction In earlier civilizations, trepanization (drilling holes in the skull) was performed because of the belief that this would release demons that had entered into the skull and had to be released, if headache relief was to result. In the seventeenth century, it was suggested by Willis that the head pain of 'megrim' or migraine resulted from the swelling of blood vessels within the head. Interestingly, this explanation of blood vessel swelling is close to the belief today that such swelling is involved in migraine headaches (Edmeads, 1997). At the turn of the twentieth century, Sir William Osler proposed that headaches were due to 'muscular rheumatism' of the head. This was probably the first suggestion that muscle abnormalities might be involved. During the 1940s, Wolff carried out a series of experiments that showed that involuntary contraction of scalp and neck muscles could result in headache development. Other causes have been suggested; these were more serious than muscle dysfunction and would evidently require other medical interventions (Solomon, 1993). In the worldwide view, headache can be such a big health problem as evidenced by the establishment of the World Headache Alliance in 1997. The organization exists to alleviate the burden of headache worldwide, in particular, by sharing information among headache organizations and by increasing the awareness and understanding of headache as a public health concern with profound social and economic...
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...AS/A Level GCE GCE Physical Education OCR Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Physical Education H154 OCR Advanced GCE in Physical Education H554 version 2 – February 2008 Vertical black lines indicate a significant change to the previous printed version. © OCR 2008 QAN 500/2591/0 QAN 500/2587/9 Contents 1 About these Qualifications 4 1.1 6 The Four-Unit Advanced GCE 6 1.3 Qualification Titles and Levels 6 1.4 Aims 7 1.5 2 The Two-Unit AS 1.2 Prior Learning/Attainment 8 9 2.1 AS Units 9 2.2 3 Summary of Content A2 Units 10 12 3.1 AS Unit G451: An introduction to Physical Education 12 3.2 AS Unit G452: Acquiring, developing and evaluating practical skills in Physical Education 24 3.3 A2 Unit G453: Principles and concepts across different areas of Physical Education 31 3.4 4 Unit Content A2 Unit G454: The improvement of effective performance and the critical evaluation of practical activities in Physical Education 55 62 4.1 AS GCE Scheme of Assessment 62 4.2 Advanced GCE Scheme of Assessment 63 4.3 Unit Order 64 4.4 Unit Options (at AS/A2) 64 4.5 Synoptic Assessment (A Level GCE) 64 4.6 Assessment Availability 64 4.7 Assessment Objectives 65 4.8 5 Schemes of Assessment Quality of Written Communication 66 Technical Information 67 5.1 Making Unit Entries ...
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...The Florida State University DigiNole Commons Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2-5-2009 The Social Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility: A Case Study Brooke Ellen Forester Florida State University Follow this and additional works at: http://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Forester, Brooke Ellen, "The Social Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility: A Case Study" (2009). Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations. Paper 4418. This Dissertation - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the The Graduate School at DigiNole Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigiNole Commons. For more information, please contact lib-ir@fsu.edu. FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF EDUCATION THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: A CASE STUDY By BROOKE E. FORESTER A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Sport Management, Recreation Management, and Physical Education in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2009 i The members of the Committee approved the Dissertation of Brooke Ellen Forester defended on February 5, 2009. ________________________ Michael Mondello Professor Co-Directing Dissertation ________________________ R. Aubrey Kent Professor Co-Directing Dissertation ________________________ Robert Brymer Outside Committee...
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... baffling world of literature, and is intended to provide the general student with basic experience in literary analysis. Additionally, I hope this class will lead you to a lifelong appreciation for (and engagement with) reading literature. Although this class features extensive reading and writing, it is not necessary for you to be a bookworm or a writing superstar to succeed in this class – if you are willing to put in the time and effort to study, faithfully attend class, keep up on your reading and writing assignments and engage in our discussions and activities, you should have no trouble thriving in this course. Learning...
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...CR-21 CHAPTER I Introduction A. Background of the study Delinquents is from the legislatic point of view the minors committing criminal act are not called criminals but delinquents. The persons under eighteen who commit violations of law are called delinquents. The penal codes of almost all the civilized nations make special provisions for the treatment of delinquents in law courts. There is a consensus among criminologists that delinquents should be reformed rather than punished. Earlier, it was mentioned that, throughout most of the world, juvenile offending has been recognized for hundreds of years. It would be logical to wonder exactly how juvenile offenders in historical times were handled. For one thing, as indicated earlier, there were, however, juvenile institutions and other procedures for handling juveniles that were created in America during the 19th (Roseheim et al. 2002). Historical accounts of the development of the juvenile justice system throughout the world indicate that before separate institutions and proceedings for juveniles were established in the 19th, juveniles were often treated as if they were small adults. Even children of royal families in England, for example, were exposed to adult situations, such as sexual activity among adults, and were thought to be ready for adult roles in society if they were exposed to hardships and adult behavior as youngsters. In America society, and this may be the case throughout the world as well, citizens and leaders...
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...Demographics The exact number of people in any country with anemia is difficult to determine because the disorder often goes undiagnosed. According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), anemia affects more than 3 million Americans. Other sources estimate that 4% of men and 8% of women in the general populations of Canada, the United States, and Western Europe have mild anemia. It is thought that the rates of anemia are 2-5 times higher in the developing countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), iron deficiency is the most important nutritional disorder in the world. WHO, estimates that 80% of the world's population may be iron deficient. The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among the geriatric population is estimated at 5-15%. Although the prevalence of anemia is greater in women than men aged less than 75, by age 75, male prevalence surpasses female prevalence by about 5%. Anemia can be mild, moderate, or severe enough to lead to life-threatening complications. More than 400 different types of anemia have been identified, many of which are rare. Iron deficiency anemia The onset of iron deficiency anemia is gradual and, at first, there may not be any symptoms. The deficiency begins when the body loses more iron than it derives from food and other sources. Because depleted iron stores cannot meet the red blood cell's needs, fewer red blood cells develop. In this early stage of anemia, the red blood cells look normal but they are...
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...Journal of Consumer Research, Inc. Who is the Celebrity Endorser? Cultural Foundations of the Endorsement Process Author(s): Grant McCracken Reviewed work(s): Source: Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 16, No. 3 (Dec., 1989), pp. 310-321 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2489512 . Accessed: 12/02/2012 13:26 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. The University of Chicago Press and Journal of Consumer Research, Inc. are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Consumer Research. http://www.jstor.org Who Is the Celebrity of Endorser? Cultural Process Foundations the Endorsement GRANT McCRACKEN* This article offers a new approach to celebrity endorsement. Previous explanations, especially the source credibility and source attractiveness models are criticized, and an alternative meaning transfer model is proposed. According to this model, celebrities' effectiveness as endorsers stems from the cultural...
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