...Influence of culture on relationships There are differences between Western and none-western relationships in formation, marriage and divorce. In Western societies, individuals are permitted to form their own relationships with little family interference and on the basis of romantic attraction. Men and women also expect to have numerous relationships before they consider marriage with just one person and often may choose to live together and never get married. Due to globalization and the increase in travel, individuals in Western cultures can interact with a larger pool of potential partners. Moghaddam suggests, in non-western and collectivist culture, males are chosen for the females who are often chaperoned in the presence of that male, otherwise they may be seen as un-marriage worthy. As for marriage; Western societies relationships are usually monogamous, a relationship with just one person, with the average marriage age being 27 and gradually rising. Couples are expected to be together for a length of time before deciding to marry. Hsu claims Individualist cultures value freedom and individuality so that a person can still live their own life once married. This explains why the divorce rate is far higher in Western societies, happiness is valued and more forgiveness is given to those who divorce. An anomaly of this is the Catholic religion, predominant in Ireland and South America, where divorce is religiously seen as shameful. In comparison around 1/2 of the world experiences...
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...influence of culture on romantic relationships (24 marks) Within Western cultures there is a large urban setting, this means that individuals have a larger social pool of individuals that they can communicate with therefore having more freedom on who they choose to interact with whereas within non-western cultures, there is less social and demographic mobility which results in less choice on whom to interact with resulting in parents and family members being heavily relied upon to supply a social network to the individual. It is accepted that arranged marriages do work as well as have a low divorce rate as the parents often can see good qualities in an individual that would be suitable for their child and can identify potential undesirable characteristics that ‘love blindness’ could potentially overlook if the individual had full control over who they chose to form a romantic relationship with. Epstein supported this suggestion and found that over half of arranged marriages result in the two individuals falling in love, this shows that the relationship was built on a good basis and could maintain itself so much that it resulted in love. Furthermore, research into arranged marriages in India found that there was no difference in marital satisfaction compared to non-arranged marriages in the United States, suggesting that within different cultures there is difference in what is important within a marriage. Moghaddam found that within individualistic cultures, there is a sole...
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...“Culture” The culture of India refers to the way of life of the people of India. India's languages, religions, dance, music, architecture, food, and customs differ from place to place within the country. The Indian culture, often labelled as an amalgamation of several cultures, spans across the Indian subcontinent and has been influenced by a history that is several millennia old.[1][2] Many elements of India's diverse cultures, such as Indian religions, yoga, and Indian cuisine, have had a profound impact across the world ‘Religions” Main article: Religion in India India is the birthplace of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism, collectively known as Indian religions Indian religions, also known as Dharmic religions are a major form of world religions along with Abrahamic one. Today, Hinduism and Buddhism are the world's third and fourth-largest religions respectively, with over 2 billion followers altogether, and possibly as many as 2.5 or 2.6 billion followers India is one of the most religiously diverse nations in the world, with some of the most deeply religious societies and cultures. Religion still plays a central and definitive role in the life of many of its people. According to a 2001 census of India, the religion of...
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...achieving an A* grade and 100% in both Psya3 & Psya4. You can check out my certificate on my website at http://www.loopa.co.uk as well as get my other model answers too for the other topics in Psya3 and Psya4. But enough about me - you can learn about me in more depth on my website - lets get on with the show and onto the the overview of this topic, structuring and the model answers themselves too. S ECTION 1 Memorising Your Model Answers This is going to be pretty much your hardest task and with the help of this book hopefully it becomes more manageable. People have various ways they memorise things and it is entirely up to you. Memorising Essays U SING A CRONYMS + P RACTICE The method of memorising the essays is the same across all my model essay answers. I employ the concept of “chunking” alongside the use of “acronyms”. Combined this helped me memorise all the essay answers for every possible question. If you haven’t read my previous books the following extract explains how the method works but you should do what works for you ultimately. Practice and constantly re-writing the essays is unfortunately part of it and theres nothing that can be done to avoid this - theres no magic cure to skip hard work. For myself; I personally...
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...Danielle Turnbull English 265 Section 1 Schapiro November 24, 2014 Self acceptance “The Ultrasound” Arranged Marriage and “The Girl Deficit’ grows in India” In a mirror lies a reflection. A lie it is in that the reflection is partially determined by the person who stands in front of the mirror. In a patriarchal world, if that person is a woman, the reflection is often affected by the society of male dominance and unequal rights. How can self-image be perceived in a positive way for women? Self-Acceptance, much like self-esteem, at our deepest levels is either complete or not at all. Self-acceptance is something that is only achieved by those who can accept who they really are, “an acceptance of one’s self despite deficiencies” (Wikipedia.com). In some cultures, much like those of India in Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni stories in Arranged Marriage self-acceptance seems to be an impossible achievement. Many woman in India, in addition to many woman across culture, enter a life from birth till “chosen” by a husband that is pre-defined. Given that, how does a woman find self-acceptance? A true sense of self and love? In “The Ultrasound” Divakaruni and in a supporting article by the Boston Globe called “The Girl Deficit”, Woman are shown as people who are manipulated and forced to make choices against their will. “The Ultrasound” tells us a story of two woman and their pregnancy and how when the gender is revealed, for one of the woman their life made a turn for...
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...grandmother. My mom was not very close to her grandmother. My great grandmother’s name was Inder Kaur. She was born on May 15th, 1925 in Lahore, Pakistan. She was an only child. According to my mother, birthdays were not given any importance during that time period neither were marriage dates. My mother neither does her mother know the exact year in which my great grandma was married. Inder Kaur got married to my great grandfather, Amreek Singh and the date to me is unknown. They both were of the same religion, Sikhism, and the marriage was monogamous and arranged. Together they had seven children, four girls and three boys. The boy’s names were Manmohan Singh, Pritpal Singh, Jasbir Singh, and the girl’s names were Taranjit Kaur, Charanjit Kaur, and Rajinder Kaur. Out of those fours girls, one is known to me as my grandma, Davinder Kaur. Davinder Kaur was the eldest daughter of my great grandparents. She was born on November 30th, 1950 My great grandparents were strict and quite poor, so my grandma did not live a lavish life. My great grandpa was a carriage rider and my great grandma did not work and was illiterate. My grandma was raised with ethnocentrism views when it came to our religion Sikhism. Culture and religion played a significant role in my grandma’s raising according to my mom. My grandma was expected to pray every morning, afternoon, and evening, and also...
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...Marriage Practices within other Cultures ANT101 Jason Randall Thompson, Ph.D October 14, 2013 Marriage Practices within other Cultures Marriage is a fundamental cornerstone of human economic, social, and kinship networks Murdock (1949). Indeed, marriage as an elementary principle of human kinship systems has long been considered a central aspect of between group alliances Levi-Strauss (1949). The exchange of mates among kin groups and accompanying networks of economic exchange are widespread and arguably create the foundation of human social organization Chapais B (2008; 2010). However, considerable cultural variation around the world opens up the question of whether regulated exchange of mates across kin groups represents the ancestral form of marriage or whether it is a recently derived consequence of more intensive modes of subsistence. This question is important to answer because in some societies marriage is a nonchalant affair with limited regulation in courtship marriages with no prescriptions, while in others marriages are arranged and regulated by complex rules and prescriptions Chapais B (2008); Flinn MV, Low BS (1986). Humans lived as hunter-gatherers for most of our species’ history hence cultural variation amongst recent hunter-gatherers may be useful for reconstructing ancestral human social structure (Lee RB, DeVore I, eds; Hawkes K, O’Connell JF, Blurton-Jones NG (2001); Marlowe F, 2003). When we examine marriage practices of American, Israeli, and Pakistani...
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...6 Post wedding ceremonies 7 Time orientation 8 Low uncertainty avoidance and high uncertainty avoidance. 8 High and low context culture 9 Masculine or Feminine culture 10 Indian Wedding Introduction In our culture, marriage symbolizes not just the sacred union of two individuals, but of the coming together of two families and extended families as well. Their level of involvement is so profound that typically the family decides the bride or groom. In fact, even till a few decades ago the bride and the groom saw each other for the first time only on their wedding day. This trend has changed in urban areas, and in the present day, youngsters have a better say in choosing their life partner. Families search for eligible partners for their children through word of mouth or marriage priests primarily. However with the internet revolution in online matrimonial sites are also becoming quite a hit. Arranged marriages are strictly intra-religion and intra-caste. Compatibility of the couple is assessed on the basis of horoscopes, and if good, then an alliance is sought for. In urban areas, the couple goes a step further to interact and see if their interests and natures match. If the alliance is agreeable to both parties, they proceed to plan for the engagement ceremony and the wedding. Though arranged marriages are still the norm, love marriages are becoming a common occurrence these days, predominantly in urban areas. Months before the wedding an engagement ceremony, known...
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...mentions is slavery, polygamy, rape, incest, clitoridectomy, terrorism, hostages, child warriors, genocide, famine, and germ warfare. These topics send a shiver down the spine of most people. There is a deep moral understanding of right and wrong when it comes to such things as Goodman mentions. These topics expand past any country or culture boundaries. This is a matter of being human and understanding what penetrates the core of our humanity. Things such as slavery, hostages, and forced famine are all things that strike at the very heart of humanity. Humanity is the basic connection between all races, cultures, and connects our overall existence as a whole. Once our humanity is chipped away at by another we can see where the wrong doing lays. The preservation of life and the freedom to live life is what is most wrong to take away. Essentially a moral norm is things that our universal human morality should prevent that rob others of life, dignity, survival, and one’s own will. The targeting of one culture for mass murder is universally wrong for robs others of life for something completely out of their control. Genocide is a destruction of a race or culture past, present, and future generations. Morally, this is wrong to commit such mass destruction of humanity. Political acts against people for mass killing is depriving living human beings the right to basic survival. Things like political forced famine and germ warfare that make people suffer until death are a universal wrong for...
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...pyramidally, hierarchical and extended institution”(97). A family is therefore the central point through which religion and culture is inherited across generations. When studying the challenges and changes undergone by families, one should consider the patterns of marriage and divorce, the family structure, family roles, and even external economic and social factors. It has been found that “recent changes in family structure have contributed to the democratization of husband wife and father-children relationship” (Barakat, 102). Women are now seen as active members in the labor force and in the society; hence their role as solely the caretakers of children is less strictly applied. A woman has a more profound position as a partner and decision maker, therefore moving towards equality with men. According to Haddad, “the wife now has a say in the living conditions of her family and shares in decision making” (7). The traditional concept of extended family is now being replaced with the growing trend towards forming a nuclear family, due to urbanization, globalization and growing education (Barakat, 106). Another prominent change is the movement away from arranged marriage, and that marriage has become an individual choice rather than a family affair. A woman can nowadays fall in love or have an acquaintance before she marries the guy. The custom of endogamy, “where marriage within the same lineage sect, community group, village or...
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...------------------------------------------------- Culture of India From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Part of a series on the | Culture of India | | History | People | Languages[show] | Mythology and folklore[show] | Cuisine | Religion | Art[show] | Literature[show] | Music and performing arts[show] | Media[show] | Sport | Monuments[show] | Symbols[show] | * India portal | * v * t * e | The culture of India is the way of living of the people of India. India's languages, religions, dance, music, architecture, food, and customs differ from place to place within the country. The Indian culture, often labeled as an amalgamation of several cultures, spans across the Indian subcontinent and has been influenced by a history that is several millennia old.[1][2] Many elements of India's diverse cultures, such as Indian religions, yoga and Indian cuisine, have had a profound impact across the world. Contents [hide] * 1 Religions * 2 Perceptions of Indian culture * 2.1 Arranged marriage * 2.2 Wedding rituals * 3 Greetings * 4 Festivals * 5 Animals * 6 Cuisine * 7 Clothing * 8 Languages and literature * 8.1 History * 8.2 Epics * 9 Performing arts * 9.1 Dance * 9.2 Drama and theatre * 9.3 Music * 10 Visual arts * 10.1 Painting * 10.2 Sculpture * 10.3 Architecture * 11 Sports and martial arts * 11.1 Sports ...
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...contemporary society as opposed to static as was seen in 1845. But what accounts for this type of fluidity? Does this shift reflect in individual preference and the needs and wants of life in Trinbago? Or are other forces at work? Singh (2004) had rightly pointed out that, “The twenty-first century recorded great changes of far reach importance in the family system under the influence of westernization, industrialization and modernization.” To add to this claim, creolization, douglarization and globalization are also paradigms associated with the change in contemporary Indo-Trinidad family. Characteristics of the family life style such as high divorce rates, cohabitation as a substitute for marriage, and mixed children being born to parents of different ethnic background due to interracial marriages, can been seen as some of the many variation of factors as having significant changes in the institution of the family up until the twenty first century. It may be seen unnecessary to define such a simple term like family, however its meaning differs from one group of people to...
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...is, the most inhabited country in the world, China becoming a communist country affected millions of people almost instantly. Many of the traditional traditions and practices of the Chinese people were left behind as Mao’s “Cultural Revolution” was instituted across the country in 1966. During the Cultural Revolution of China, the country and its citizens experienced strict authority control with the military and the state functioning together to govern the people. The switch from traditional China to this Cultural Revolution was swift and hasty, causing much death and trouble for the Chinese people. Because of these facts, there are many people who judged the New China governed under the socialist ideas of Mao. One of these critics is the Chinese-American novelist, Ha Jin, who denounces the Cultural Revolution of China in his novel entitled Waiting. In his novel, Ha Jin addresses and brings to light the affects of Mao’s rule on the Chinese people and the country as a whole. The novel starts in 1966 and takes place during the Cultural Revolution. “Cultural conflict is the center of this novel, where two worlds collide in the story of a man seeking a divorce from his wife by an arranged marriage: the ancient feudal culture of China and the world of the Cultural Revolution led by Chairman Mao” (Moore, 124). Through the locations, settings, and characters, Ha Jin illustrates the differences between the Old China and the New China for his American audience; there are many places and...
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...When read the book Mountain Wolf Woman, I mainly concentrated on the chapters when Mountain Wolf Woman was at her adult age. This was the time when she turned mature, had her marriage and started to make decisions for her own life. During such a period, Mountain Wolf Woman demonstrated her qualities like self-determination and courage by the instances of how she dealt her unsuccessful first marriage and made tough decisions to overcame the obstacles on the way pursuing her happiness. Not only in chapter IV, Mountain Wolf Woman had actually established herself as a woman with very strong self-determination throughout the book. But this self-determination was fully presented in the chapter IV when she had her first marriage. Her first marriage was an arranged one, and the instigator was her brother Hagaga who got drunk and gave his sister, Mountain Wolf Woman, away. As could be expected form most of the arranged marriage, Mountain Wolf Woman’s marriage was not a very happy one. Her first husband was very easily aroused to jealousy of other men and used to accuse Mountain Wolf Woman of having affairs with other men even her male relatives. Accusations like such could greatly hurt a woman’s self-esteem even when she was insulted by her closest one. It was by that time Mountain Wolf Woman set up her mind to leave her husband. Moreover, as Mountain Wolf Woman was married to her husband family, she found that it was very difficult to get along well with her mother-in-law. When she was...
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...Kalahari, also known as Bushmen, is the oldest culture in the world dating back over a hundred thousand years ago. The Kalahari Desert, reaching across South Africa, Botswana, and Namibia, is home to some of the most inhospitable lands in the world. The San have a unique language, which incorporates a distinct “click” sound when they are talking. The San have no leader, constantly move around to find new sources of food, and are autonomous when making decisions to stay with a community or move elsewhere. In fact, they are so peaceful that “conflict or disruptive behavior is rare. These communities have no rulers, no written laws, no formal rule enforcers, and no formal mechanisms for controlling, capturing, or punishing rule breakers” (Nowak & Laird, 2010, sec. 3.6). This is due to the small size of their band, their claim to little or no private property, and the fact that food is shared with everyone in the community. Furthermore, San societies are relatively smaller than most societies due to their constant moving to find new areas to forage. Moreover, the San, known for their skills as hunters and gatherers comprise most of their diet from big game, roots and tubers. In the same way, the men of the San culture hunt big game while the women gather or forage for roots, grains and tubers. The kinship system of the San culture influences the way this culture think, act and live by the way they share food and resources, the way they view marriage and divorce, and how they resolve conflict...
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