...GREEK AND ROMAN ART Various Authors Edited By: R. A. Guisepi The art of the ancient Greeks and Romans is called classical art. This name is used also to describe later periods in which artists looked for their inspiration to this ancient style. The Romans learned sculpture and painting largely from the Greeks and helped to transmit Greek art to later ages. Classical art owes its lasting influence to its simplicity and reasonableness, its humanity, and its sheer beauty. The first and greatest period of classical art began in Greece about the middle of the 5th century BC. By that time Greek sculptors had solved many of the problems that faced artists in the early archaic period. They had learned to represent the human form naturally and easily, in action or at rest. They were interested chiefly in portraying gods, however. They thought of their gods as people, but grander and more beautiful than any human being. They tried, therefore, to portray ideal beauty rather than any particular person. Their best sculptures achieved almost godlike perfection in their calm, ordered beauty. The Greeks had plenty of beautiful marble and used it freely for temples as well as for their sculpture (see Marble). They were not satisfied with its cold whiteness, however, and painted both their statues and their buildings. Some statues have been found with their bright colors still preserved, but most of them lost their paint through weathering. The works of the great Greek painters have disappeared...
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...Bernini’s and Michelangelo’s work of art called David. The works of both artists are incredible, beautiful, and breathtaking. The works have interpretations of mythologies and Old Testament stories that originated millenniums ago. Both artists had the ability to produce such rich and poignant emotional content; their works are still able to invoke a deeply affecting response in viewers today. Michelangelo was born on March 6, 1475, at Caprese, in Tuscany (Michelangelo). He was the second of five brothers. Michelangelo lost his mother at the early age of 6. After his mothers passing Michelangelo had a neglected childhood. Throughout his childhood he managed to remain quiet and keep to himself. However, the boy was very intelligent and his father recognized this and sent him off to school (Michelangelo). Michelangelo is known as one of the greatest artists of all time. Gian Lorenzo Bernini was born on November 7, 1598 in Naples and thrived as a Baroque sculptor from the approximate age of eight until his death in 1680. The Baroque style Bernini encompassed was an artistic movement inspired by the Catholic Church after the Counter-Reformation. Baroque sculptures provide a range of viewpoints. Bernini’s Borghese works were similar to performances rather than a sculpture frozen in time (Bernini’s Borghese Sculptures: Another View). His influences included Renaissance masters Raphael and Michelangelo Buonarotti as well as hellenistic sculptures of antiquity, such as: the Laucoön...
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...Art Ren November 26, 2012 David The iconic sculptures of David created by both Italian artists, Michelangelo of the High Renaissance and Donatello of the Early Renaissance are similar yet different in several ways. As with most art created during these time periods, the sculptures tell the Bible story from the Old Testament about David and Goliath. In this story, David, an Israelite, battled Goliath, a Philistine, and killed him with a simple slingshot and then David’s own sword allowing for David to claim a victory for the Israelites. The similarities start with the pose. Both the artists show David in a similar pose. Both statues depict David as a warrior. Both figures are standing and are predominately nude. Both sculptures are positioned in a contrapposto pose. Both statues show some form of a soldier’s tools such as the helmet, boots, and sword in Donatello’s piece, and the stones from the sling shot in Michelangelo’s piece. Both likenesses of David depict the concept of humanism in that they both display within their likenesses a sense of “self-contained, even heroic individualism (Sayre, 2012) that perfectly captures the humanist spirit. It is from this point on the sculptures begin to have stark contrasts. Let’s focus first on the physical differences. The bronze David created by Donatello is that of a younger msn or teen age boy. It is definitely more feminine looking or waifish than that of Michelangelo’s work. His statue of David is much more developed...
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...one of the paintings or sculpture to write about. One of the paintings/sculptures that stood out to me was “Neptune Calming the Waves” sculpted by Adam Lambert-Sigisbert. Adam Lambert-Sigisbert is a French sculptor who was also known as Adam l’aine. He came from a family full of sculptors. His father was Jacob Sigisbert-Adam. He was born October 10th 1700. He spent ten years in Italy, That is where he was influenced by the art work of Bernini. In 1723, Adam Lambert-Sigisbert received the Prix de Rome for study at the French Academy in Rome. The Prix de Rome was a scholarship for art students, principally of painting, sculpture, and architecture. It was in Rome where Adam restored a disparate group of fragmentary Roman sculptures with much ability and baroque freedom of interpretation. In 1732, Adam was elected as a member of the Roman artists’ guild, the Accademia di San Luca. He was one of the sixteen sculptors and designers who submitted plans for the Trevi Fountain. His design for the fountain was unanimously accepted but repealed. Romans were against a foreigner to receive the commission. At the age of thirty-seven, Adam exhibited at the Paris Salon. The pose that Adam had Neptune positioned is very dynamic. He had him advancing forward toward the waves as his hair and beard are flowing through the wind. The way he captured the motion is impeccable. He is a flawless incarnation of the god of the sea. This is a classical sculpture infused with the baroque...
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...Media: I.Drawing: Support - Linear drawings vs. tonal drawings Three categories (reasons for making drawings) 1. Sketches to record ideas or sights, 2. Plans or studies, 3. Self-sufficient works of art Dry media: Metalpoint - Ground - Pigment - Cross-hatching - Pencil - Graphite - Charcoal - Binder – Crayon – Chalk - Pastel - Oil Stick - Conte crayon - Fluid media: Pen and ink Brush and ink Quill = feather Nib and stylus - type of pen. Stylus is the stick that holds the nib. Nib carries the ink. Brush and ink - Wash – II. Paint: Components of paint: 1. pigment - 2. vehicle - binder Types of painting : Fresco - Buon fresco - Fresco Secco - Encaustic - Tempera - Gesso - a ground made of powdered chalk or plaster and animal glue. Oil paint - Glazing - Impasto - Acrylic - Watercolor - Gouache - III. Printmaking: Advantage over drawing and painting ? Matrix - Four categoriesof print: 1. Relief, 2. Intaglio, 3.Lithography, 4. Serigraphy Relief: Woodcut - Linocut - Intaglio: Engraving - (burin?) Drypoint - Etching - Lithography: Serigraphy: IV. Photography: Greek roots - to write with light. Photosensitive - Lens - Print - Camera - Aperture - Shutter - Stop - Two things that determine the amount of light that reaches the film: 1. Size of aperture (stop) 2. Shutter speed Telephoto - Wide angle - Film - Film negative - Camera...
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...Research on who commissioned the construction of the Plaza Rotunda, Rizal monument, Pool, and Dispensary. Please include the year the structures were established. * During the American period from 1922 to 1938, the then Mayor Mariano Mercado built several notable public structures. 2. What era was most of the town houses built? * American period Carcar Church 1. Name of parish church and date founded. * St. Catherine's Church, 1859 2. When was it built and completed * The church was built 129 years ago, right after its foundation. It took 6 years to complete its construction (1965). 3. What sculptures do you see outside the church? Please name them all. On the sculptures, what form, process, and type of media used? * The sculptures that were very noticeable were the freestanding sculptures of the 12 Disciples of Christ, made from concrete which were made in the process of modelling/molding. 4. It is said that the Greek Orthodox style inspires the main facade of the parish church. Research on Greek Orthodox architecture and as well as its relation to the facade of the Parish Church. * The Greek Orthodox style inspires the main facade of the parish church because the domes of the two bell towers are similar to the bell towers of churches of the Greek Orthodox religion. Sibonga Church 1. Name of parish and date founded. * Nuestra Señora Del Pilar De Zaragoza, 1690. 2. What period in history this church...
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...Romanesque is first used to describe the architecture of Western Europe from about the 9th to 12th century. It has become applied by extension to other arts, in particular sculpture. (click) Sculptures are mostly found inside or on the façade of churches such as tympanum and capitals of the columns. They are all very simple because they believe the soul (inside beauty) is more important than the body. Subject is usually Christian religion, the purpose of the sculpture is to illustrate the message of the Bible, teach stories to the illiterate. A favourite subject for the tympanum is the Last Judgement. The theme vividly reminds the pilgrims of the need of pious devotion. Click At the beginning of the Medieval era, Romanesque columns had all sorts of plants, animals and people intertwined in Gallic patterns. Then many capitals illustrate stories from the bible. click Then, there came the tympanum, then columns to each side, the figures of saints and sinners in stories on the façade of the main entrance. click These very early Romanesque carved figures are saints. Notice the distortions: they have rather blocky bodies made from flat, simple shapes with very large head and hands. Their feet are tiny, compared to their hands. Perspective is also distorted. The size of the figures would make them giants in relationship to the columns. click It also happens to the tympanum: The tympanum of St Trophime; The hands and arms are still very flat and awkward looking; the wings, legs...
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...The ancient Greek culture is known for its advances in math, art, and architecture. In Greek times there where many statues of humans mostly of men who where worshiped as God’s or Kings and sometimes both. The statues where often depicted nude so that the world could see their perfect bodies. Three statues that display various periods and ideals in Greek culture are the Kouros statue (600 B.C), the Spear Bearer (450-440 B.C.) also known as Doryphoros and was crafted by Polykleitos, and Dying Gaul by Peramon (230-220 B.C). Although at first glace these statues may appear qualitatively the same, each statue was carefully crafted to serve a purpose during the period of time in which it was made. The Egyptian style Greek Kouros was the earliest of the three sculptures. It was carved in 600 B.C. The Greek statues Spear Bearer (Doryphoros) and Dying Gaul where carved somewhere around 450-440 B.C. and 230-220 B.C. respectively. Each sculpture was carved from white marble and is a “life size” representation. Both the Spear Bearer and Dying Gaul statues are actually copies of the original statues. Both statues where originally made of bronze and not marble. Many of the Greek statues from this time period where made of bronze, but bronze was expensive and that’s why many of them where carved from marble. Although we do not know who created the copies, the original Spear Bearer was made by a man by the name of Polykleitos. The original bronze Dying Gaul is a copy after a statue by Peramon...
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...empire, and it shows in their art. While their roles have changed with respect to the rest of the world, their contributions to art still remain. One notable difference between the two styles of making sculptures is that the Greek ones are free-standing, meaning they are capable of standing without any extra help or support. Their Roman counterparts, however, almost always need some form of support as the statues they produced had problems standing upright. The most common method used by Romans to support their statues involved implementing a post. Inspiration Another key difference lies in what the artists of the respective cultures depicted. The Greeks were fond of making statues of the various gods. Beyond that, creatures of mythology---such as centaurs and hydras---were popular. Heroes were also a favorite to mold into a statue. The Romans, on the other hand, preferred to make statues of real people and events. The various emperors throughout Rome's history were often an inspiration for art. Real-life events such as great battles and catalysts for change also were represented in art. The Statues By and large, Roman sculptures aren't considered on the same level as their Greek predecessors. The Greeks are credited with pioneering the craft, and the Romans picked up the know-how and took the art forward. While the Greeks focused on durability and the beauty of the images, the Romans focused on the details and accuracy. Roman sculptures are famous for depicting various...
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...NAME] [PROFESSOR’S NAME] [COURSE NAME] [DATE] Classical Sculpture Classical sculpture did not appear from nothing; its genesis was not that of Athena’s birth from the head of Zeus, but a rather more sedate process. The roots of classical sculpture are, surprisingly, to be found in Egypt. The Egyptians had highly developed sculpture, most of which had religious implications, as can be seen by the hieroglyphic inscriptions on many of the pieces (Wilkinson, 34-37). Subjects of sculptures included the numerous gods and goddesses of the Egyptian pantheon, pharoahs (who were considered divine) and slaves and other figures created for inclusion in burials; these sculptures, along with real items (e.g., chariots) would become part of the deceased’s “estate” in the afterlife (ibid., 64). The majority of Egyptian sculptures were all in the same style, regardless of whether they represented an animal-headed god, a king, or a scribe. The typical pose was frontal and standing, with the arms hanging close to the body, the hands with clenched fists, the left foot slightly advanced, and an ambiguous facial expression. It must be noted that this “typical Egyptian style” is much more a product of the Egyptian belief system and its associated symbology than the artistic imagination or technical competence of Egyptian artisans (ibid., [YOUR LAST NAME] 2 88). The influence of this Egyptian style can be seen on some of the earliest Greek sculptures, particularly those of two important Greek styles....
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...a skit. Ever since then, her mythological story interested me. Aphrodite is the Greek Goddess of love, beauty, and sexuality. The sculpture that I picked seemed unique to me and different from the sculpture of her in the Art Through The Ages textbook. This piece was created in the Imperial time period, between the 1st and 2nd century A.D., and is from the Roman Culture. This piece classifies as a stone sculpture. Aphrodite is a Greek Goddess, which means the goddess of love. With that being said, the original sculpture was Greek and made of bronze. The museum states that Kallimachos created this particular sculpture. He lived in the second half of the first century B.C.E in Corinth. After examining the sculpture, it is portrayed as if Aphrodite is walking. It seems as though her body is leaning more on the weight of her left leg. A term that describes this is Contrapposto. This term is used in the visual arts that describe a human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot so that the shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs. This leaves the statue of Aphrodite looking very naturalistic. This sculpture is classified under the Late Classical period. Greek artists at this time were fascinated with the movement and the nature of human bodies, which is what this statue portrays. Due to the fact that most of this sculpture was destroyed, the museum approximated a sketch on how the original might have looked. It was predicted that Aphrodite lifted her...
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...During the 600 BCE- 480 BCE of the Archaic Period, Egypt defined Greece’s attempts of life-sized statues was influenced by eastern cultures. The earliest Greek Stone sculptures, which dated from the same time period resembled Egyptian cult Statues. At the beginning of the Archaic period, the character of Greek paintings and sculptures had changed because the Greeks had forgot about abstract designs and rigid Egyptian conventions and began to pay attention to naturalism. Early presentations of the human figure was modeled in bronze, carved in stone, or painted in silhouettes on vases were schematic, stylized. But during the Archaic period, artists questioned about how the statues didn’t or did resemble humans. The first life sized marble sculptures...
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...Giacometti 1. Does Giacometti use predominately organic or geometric lines in his work? Giacometti uses organic lines predominately in his work. 2. Three-dimensional forms may be organic or geometric, and can be bas-relief or in the round. Are his sculptures Bas-relief and why? Are they geometric and why? Giacomtti’s work was pretty bas-relief, meaning that it is a sculpture that has less depth to the face and figure, and can be viewed from any angle without distorting the figure. Most and sometimes all of these characteristics were featured in his pieces. 3. Do his paintings/ drawings have a sense of foreground? If so, how is this depicted? It seems that most of Giacometti’s paintings actually focused very much on the foreground. His paintings typically consisted of a portrait drawing of one person, and occasionally a few people. The paintings were pretty close-up and focused on what was right in front of you, which pretty much describes the foreground. 4. Usually an artist ensures that all the parts of an object are in proportion to one another. Are the figures by Giacometti in proportion, or are they distorted? Explain. His paintings seemed to be proportionate and more realistic, in a sense, while his sculpture were typically not proportionate. 5. In discussing proportion, the...
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...Understanding Art DUE: 10/12/2014 MIDTERM Giacometti uses organic lines. As far as I can see the lines are very different and a lot of the time the lines are more repeated and may I use the word scribbled on rather than clean strait and perfect. The lines he uses are often undefined and show more of a silhouette rather than a clear picture. It is not a complete blur though. Often times they are easy to decipher and you can see the picture he is creating even with the lines being how they are. I would say that his paintings are Bas- relief. I believe this because he often uses symmetrical and more rounded shapes than common shapes like squares and rectangles. He tends to be what I like to call a freehand artist (probably not an accurate term.) He tends to draw using more unusual lines and shapes. He doesn’t play by the books. Something I admire in his work. Foreground is shown throughout his works. You can see that the sculptures or the main “character” of the painting is usually placed ( or appears to be placed) towards the front more often than the back. He catches your eye to the main idea this way. The figures are distorted. They don’t have a real sense of balance or proportion. They tend to be formed how they want. The body’s on the figures for example are never really accurate to one another or too symmetrical obviously if there’s an arm on one side their tends to be on the other side but they may not always align or be doing the same thing. In my opinion and from...
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...Part A On page 118 of your textbook is a picture of the sculpture Pietà by Michelangelo. As we have studied, Michelangelo’s Renaissance period returns to the Greeks for inspiration and ideas. Using 200 – 250 words, answer the following questions. Don’t forget to defend your answer referencing the themes of the Hellenics and Hellenistics as discussed in this module. 1. Is Pietà more of a Hellenic or Hellenistic sculpture or a conglomeration of both Greek periods? 2. Compare this sculpture to David. How are the two sculptures similar and how are they different in intent, subject matter and mastery? Which one do you prefer? Why? Michelangelo’s Pieta is a sculpture of the Virgin Mary holding Christ. This sculpture is more a Hellenistic sculpture then a Hellenics sculpture because this sculpture has emotions and is not of a perfect man. Also the Hellenistic sculpture has emotion in the face, the imperfect person, and has scares. Christ in this sculpture has face hair. The Hellenics are “perfect” sculpture, with perfect proportion, perfect hair, no scares and no emotions on the sculptures face. Hellenics sculptures show movement in their sculpture. The Pieta and the David are different in many ways. David is a classical style, heroic, godlike, and physically perfect. The sculpture of David would be in the Hellenic sculpture period. The Pieta is of the Virgin Mary holding Christ. The Pieta is like Hellenistic it has emotions, Christ has face hair and his hair...
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