INTRODUCTION
In reality, negligence simply means carelessness to do something unintentionally to cause damages to others says, negligent driving, mistakenly manufacturing left decomposed snail in beer, insufficiently unrestrained dogs causing injuries. Normally, the tortfeasors in negligence are sought for compensations rather than imprisonment.
This study focuses on figuring out the harmonies and dissimilarities of liability in tort and contractual liability along with elaborating the essence of liability in negligence and vicarious liability with the aim at depicting their applications in business contexts and daily situations. Besides, the study pursues litigations and statutes in the United Kingdom, the United State and Vietnam from the late seventeenth century until now.
PART 1
THE PRINCIPLES OF LIABILITY IN NEGLIGENCE IN BUSINESS CONTEXTS
3.1 Contrast between liability in tort and contractual liability
3.1.1 The similarities and differences between liability in tort and contractual liability
A tort is civil wrong for which precedents and legislative enactments imposes legal liability as personal injury, psychiatric harm, damage to property and economic loss in negligence, undermining reputations in defamation or the interference with the enjoyment of land in nuisance.(Allison, 1996) Contract law imposes obligations which the party has voluntarily agreed to assume. Tort should recompense for harm suffered rather than wrongdoer’s punishment that can be convicted by criminal law.(Baer, 1997) By contrast, contract law directs at forcing keeping promises. Besides, contractual liabilities are owed by contracting parties but tort liabilities are owed to groups of people.(Oldham, 2004) This can be a liability to the public at large, or to another individual because of the nature of the relationship.(Banakas, 1988) Similarly, in case of breach, both tort and