Premium Essay

Asr Management Compensation Contracts a Problem

In:

Submitted By shrayesh
Words 425
Pages 2
Although the Conceptual Framework views the primary use of accounting numbers as decision making, we still see accounting measures used in contracts for management compensation.

why do you think that companies use accounting numbers in management compensation contracts? (4 marks)

The conceptual framework is a set of interrelated concepts that define the nature, purpose and broad content of the general-purpose financial report that provides information useful for the users to make and evaluate decisions.
Conceptual framework is what the regulators that are AASB IASB ASX ASIC want accounting to be.
These are the bodies that generate accounting standards and policies.

The accounting numbers that are net profit after tax, assets and liabilities are used in the contracts, which are legally binding agreements between two or more parties who voluntarily agree on the agreement, which obligates both the parties to do or not to do something for the other parties. Each parties have the right to demand on the performance of whatever the agreement is upon.

The accounting regulation limits the policy choices to the management.
This is done in order to prevent the discretion in accounting done by managements for their own self-interests by expropriating wealth form debt holders to the shareholders.
This is called agency problem.

These accounting numbers are used in order to prevent delegation of decision making which is viewed primary by the conceptual framework. Also these numbers are used due to the assumption that the management act on their own self interest and because of information asymmetry which is the manipulation of the financial statements of the company. Thus this is the agency problem, which arises in a company because of the different goals between the management and the principles that provide the capital for the investment.

Management

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Anson

...Preamble [Not Part of the Accounting Standards Codification] This HTML transformation of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification is provided by Public.Resource.Org as a public service. Please note that these documents are based on the 2011 printed version of the codification, which is out of date. For the latest, authoritative version of these standards, we recommend you consult https://asc.fasb.org/ which is provided by the Financial Accounting Standards Board. End of Preamble [Not Part of the Accounting Standards Codification] 330 Inventory 10 Overall 00 423 Status 423 General 423 Overview and Background 423 General 423 Objectives 423 General 423 Scope and Scope Exceptions 424 General 424 20 Glossary 424 30 Initial Measurement 425 General 425 Subsequent Measurement 428 General 428 Other Presentation Matters 432 General 432 Disclosure 433 General 433 Implementation Guidance and Illustrations 434 General 434 Status 437 General 437 Subsequent Measurement 437 05 10 15 35 45 50 55 S00 S35 General Disclosure 438 438 Implementation Guidance and Illustrations 438 438 SEC Materials 438 General S99 437 General S55 421 437 General S50 Other Presentation Matters General S45 437 438 905 442 908 Airlines 442 910 Contractors—Construction 442 912 Contractors—Federal Government 442 926 Entertainment—Films 442 930 Extractive Activities—Mining 443 932 Extractive Activities—Oil and Gas 443 976...

Words: 6859 - Pages: 28

Premium Essay

Accounting

...July 25, 1999 Chapter 2: Normative Accounting Theory The purpose of this chapter is to identify those characteristics of accounting information that are thought to make one system of accounting better than another. Since the material is based on eighty years of accounting research, by countless researchers, it is clearly neither possible nor desirable to review all the arguments, or even the main arguments, used by advocates of all the different competing accounting systems. For instance, it would be difficult to improve on Henderson and Peirson's [1983] 268-page thorough, balanced, well-documented portrayal of the evolutionary development of accounting thought from the "pre-theory period" (1494-1800), through the "general scientific theory period" (1800-1955), and the "general normative theory period" (1956-1970), to the "scientific theory period" (post-1970). The approach adopted for this chapter is therefore to aim for a concise summary of the products of normative accounting theory. The objective is to search for common ground wherever possible, without ignoring important differences. What is reported is intended to cover most of what is said to be "good", "useful", or "desirable" about accounting information. The four-step structure of this chapter is depicted in Figure 2.1 (next page). To begin with, a search of the literature identifies three main Objectives of Accounting. This list of objectives, which is presented and discussed in Section 2.1, is intended...

Words: 12883 - Pages: 52

Free Essay

Mckesson Annual Report

...Annual Report Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2011 “Our results in fiscal 2011 extend our track record of growing EPS, which we have increased at a 13.9% compound annual growth rate since fiscal 2007.” John H. Hammergren, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, McKesson Corporation Financial Results Five-Year Total Revenue (in millions) Five-Year EPS* *Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations, as displayed above, excludes adjustments for litigation charges (credits) net (“EPS”). For supplemental financial data and corresponding reconciliation to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), see Appendix A to this 2011 Annual Report. Non-GAAP measures should be viewed in addition to, and not as an alternative for, financial results prepared in accordance with GAAP. Total Stockholder Return** **The percentages displayed represent total annualized stockholder return for each period presented, including the reinvestment of dividends. Dear Fellow Stockholders, I am pleased to report that McKesson delivered another strong performance in fiscal 2011, marked by outstanding execution in Distribution Solutions, continued success in expanding our relationships with customers and suppliers, and near record levels of capital deployment, including the $2.1 billion acquisition of US Oncology, our largest acquisition in a decade. McKesson generated revenues of $112.1 billion and exceeded expectations for both earnings and cash flow. Earnings...

Words: 66785 - Pages: 268

Free Essay

Cisco System

...Cisco Systems, Inc. 2011 Annual Report Annual Report 2011 Letter to Shareholders To Our Shareholders, Fiscal 2011 was one of the most transformative years we have seen at Cisco. We prioritized, simplified, and took action to drive Cisco’s continued market leadership. We aggressively changed the way we do business to become a faster and more agile partner, with the goal continuing to be to increase our ability to deliver unique value to our shareholders, customers, partners, and employees. Throughout our transformation, we continued to execute as we grew fiscal year revenue to over $43 billion. More importantly, we laid the groundwork needed to position Cisco for the next stage of growth and profitability. We believe the network will continue to grow in importance and could become our customers’ most strategic information technology (IT) asset. We will continue to develop technologies, services, and software platforms that enable our customers to leverage the network to solve their greatest business challenges, which in turn will drive, in our view, greater customer and shareholder value for Cisco and also solidify our leadership position in an ever-evolving networkcentric world. In this current environment, we are fortunate to be a company built on a number of tremendous strengths. From a technology standpoint, innovation and customer support have remained Cisco hallmarks, and we have built the most trusted brand in networking, as evident by our continuing market leadership...

Words: 77999 - Pages: 312

Premium Essay

Lease Accounting

...variability among industry sectors. Through surveys and interviews, it is further determined that while a majority of corporate financial executives do not support the proposed accounting change, they have yet to analyze the impact and prepare for the effects of the change within their own companies. Copyright 2010, Mark S. Lynn Death of the Operating Lease Death of the Operating Lease and its Impact on Leading U.S. Companies 3 “We are only tenants, and shortly the great Landlord will give us notice that our lease has expired.” ~ Joseph Jefferson (1897, p. 476). A lease is broadly defined as a contract by which an owner of property grants to another the right to possess, use and enjoy the property for a specified period of time in exchange for the periodic payment of a stipulated price, referred to as rent (Black, 1979). In general, a lease has two parties to the contract: (i) the lessor, or landlord in the case of a lease of real property, who owns or otherwise controls the property subject to a lease, and (ii) the lessee, or tenant in...

Words: 17667 - Pages: 71

Premium Essay

Cango Senior Project

...products. Further, the company would need to determine what would be the various levels of support it would provide to its customers. For example, would the company take its equipment directly to the consumers for demonstrations and lessons on how to gain the optimal results with the equipment? All of these types of decisions would be the result of the organization developing a strategy for how it will conduct its business. All of this translates into Strategic Management with the intended result of gaining a competitive advantage in a business niche. Very simply, developing a Strategic Management Plan means having defined what is the best set of results the organization can attain or what the organization wishes to accomplish (from the Vision and Mission Statements), developing the ways to accomplish these results (Strategies), and measurable factors (Goals and Objectives). All of this is in context of good business practices (ethics) and making good business decisions. A vibrant organization knows that Strategic Management requires: * Planning by completing the...

Words: 6210 - Pages: 25

Premium Essay

Brief History of Accounting

...More Than a Numbers Game A Brief Histor y of Accounting Thomas A. King John Wiley & Sons, Inc. More Than a Numbers Game More Than a Numbers Game A Brief Histor y of Accounting Thomas A. King John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Copyright © 2006 by Thomas A. King. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability...

Words: 65244 - Pages: 261

Premium Essay

Papers

...Auditor Independence and Non-Audit Services: A Literature Review Vivien Beattie University of Stirling and Stella Fearnley University of Portsmouth TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of tables and list of figures About the authors v vi List of abbreviations vii Executive summary ix Part 1 Auditor independence 1 Introduction 1 1.1 1 1.2 The ‘problem’ of non-audit services (NAS) 1 1.3 The current UK regulatory and professional environment 2 1.4 Motivation for this study 3 1.5 2 The role of audit in regulating capital markets Structure of report 3 Auditor independence 4 2.1 Introduction 4 2.2 Definitions of auditor independence 4 2.3 Economic models of auditor independence not including NAS 5 2.4 Models of auditor pricing and independence in the presence of NAS 5 2.5 2.6 Economic power models of auditor independence Moral psychology, ethical reasoning and independence 8 8 2.7 Broader based studies into auditor decision making 9 2.8 Summary and comments 11 Part 2 Current regulatory frameworks 3 Auditor independence and NAS: analysis of current regulatory frameworks 3.1 Introduction 13 13 3.2 Regulation of auditor independence 13 3.3 Independence in professional and legal regulatory frameworks 13 3.4 3.5 Independence and NAS Overall economic dependence 19 22 3.6 Small companies 22 ...

Words: 35226 - Pages: 141

Premium Essay

Content Skills for Cpa Exam

...CONTENT AND SKILL SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE UNIFORM CPA EXAMINATION Approved by the Board of Examiners American Institute of Certified Public Accountants May 15, 2009 Effective Date: January 1, 2011 Board of Examiners Examinations Team American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Parkway Corporate Center 1230 Parkway Avenue, Suite 311 Ewing, NJ 08628-3018 COPYRIGHT © 2009 BY AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS, INC. CONTENT SPECIFICATION OUTLINES (CSOs) The outline portions of the content specifications identify the extent of the technical content to be tested on each of the four sections of the Uniform CPA Examination. The outlines list the areas, groups, and topics to be tested in the following manner: I. (Roman numeral) Area A. (Capital letter) Group 1. (Arabic numeral) Topic Each outline is followed by information about selected publications that candidates may study to prepare for the Uniform CPA Examination. Weights The percentage range following each area represents the approximate percentage of total test questions associated with the area. The ranges are designed to provide flexibility in building the examination, and the midpoints of the ranges for all areas in each section total 100%. The examination questions will be selected from each area to fall within the percentage allocation range. No percentages are given for groups or topics. The presence of several groups within an area or several topics within a group does not imply equal...

Words: 7341 - Pages: 30

Free Essay

Fi504 Project 2

...Morningstar Document Research FORM 10-K ORACLE CORP - ORCL Filed: June 28, 2011 (period: May 31, 2011) Annual report with a comprehensive overview of the company ® ℠ Table of Contents UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ⌧ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended May 31, 2011 OR � TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission file number: 000-51788 Oracle Corporation (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 54-2185193 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 500 Oracle Parkway Redwood City, California (Address of principal executive offices) 94065 (Zip Code) (650) 506-7000 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES ⌧ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. YES � NO...

Words: 129673 - Pages: 519

Premium Essay

Mba Special Assignment

...|Statistics for Management |3 |1 |0 |4 | |BA9102 |Economic Analysis for Business |4 |0 |0 |4 | |BA9103 |Total Quality Management |3 |0 |0 |3 | |BA9104 |Organizational Behaviour |3 |0 |0 |3 | |BA9105 |Communication Skills |3 |0 |0 |3 | |BA9106 |Accounting for Management |3 |1 |0 |4 | |BA9107 |Legal Aspects of Business |3 |0 |0 |3 | |BA9108 |Seminar I – Management Concept |0 |0 |2 |1 | | |Total | | | |25 | SEMESTER – II |Code No. |Course Title |L |T |P |C | |BA9121 |Operations Management |3 |0 |0 |3 | |BA9122 |Financial Management ...

Words: 17609 - Pages: 71

Premium Essay

To Err Is Human

...http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9728.html We ship printed books within 1 business day; personal PDFs are available immediately. To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System Linda T. Kohn, Janet M. Corrigan, and Molla S. Donaldson, Editors; Committee on Quality of Health Care in America, Institute of Medicine ISBN: 0-309-51563-7, 312 pages, 6 x 9, (2000) This PDF is available from the National Academies Press at: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9728.html Visit the National Academies Press online, the authoritative source for all books from the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council: • Download hundreds of free books in PDF • Read thousands of books online for free • Explore our innovative research tools – try the “Research Dashboard” now! • Sign up to be notified when new books are published • Purchase printed books and selected PDF files Thank you for downloading this PDF. If you have comments, questions or just want more information about the books published by the National Academies Press, you may contact our customer service department tollfree at 888-624-8373, visit us online, or send an email to feedback@nap.edu. This book plus thousands more are available at http://www.nap.edu. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF File are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Distribution, posting, or copying...

Words: 104719 - Pages: 419

Premium Essay

10k Securities

...SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 29, 2012 Commission file number: 1-5256 V. F. CORPORATION (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Pennsylvania (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 23-1180120 (I.R.S. employer identification number) 105 Corporate Center Boulevard Greensboro, North Carolina 27408 (Address of principal executive offices) (336) 424-6000 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, without par value, stated capital $1 per share New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES x Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. YES ¨ NO ¨ NO x Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES x NO ¨ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant...

Words: 79911 - Pages: 320

Free Essay

Swap Calculaotor

...UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2014 OR TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File Number: 1-13252 McKESSON CORPORATION (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 94-3207296 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) One Post Street, San Francisco, California (Address of principal executive offices) (415) 983-8300 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) 94104 (Zip Code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: (Title of each class) Common stock, $0.01 par value (Name of each exchange on which registered) New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports)...

Words: 70061 - Pages: 281

Premium Essay

Acct 504 Course Project

...Table of Contents UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K x |ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934| For the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2011 OR ¨ |TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934| For the Transition Period From to Commission File Number 0-14278 MICROSOFT CORPORATION ||| WASHINGTON| |91-1144442| (STATE OF INCORPORATION)| |(I.R.S. ID)| ONE MICROSOFT WAY, REDMOND, WASHINGTON 98052-6399 (425) 882-8080 www.microsoft.com/investor Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: COMMON STOCK, $0.00000625 par value per share NASDAQ Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No ¨ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ¨ No x Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for...

Words: 55776 - Pages: 224