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Цинк |
Цинк (Zincum) Zn – химический элемент 12-й ( IIb ) группы Периодической системы . Атомный номер 30, относительная атомная масса 65,39. Природный цинк состоит из трех стабильных изотопов 64 Zn (48,6%), 66 Zn (26,9%) и 67 Zn (4,1%).
Цинк известен уже давно. Латунь - сплав меди и цинка - знали еще древние. Затем сведения о цинке были утрачены, и только в 1721 г. саксонский металлург И. Генкель открыл способ получения цинка из руды. Название и химический знак цинка произошли от слова цинкен, которым называли остатки в ретортах, где впоследствии был обнаружен цинк.
В чистом виде цинк - синевато - белый металл. Во влажном воздухе он покрывается тонкой пленкой гидрата окиси, предохраняющей его от дальнейших превращений. Нагретый до 100-150° С цинк становится очень ковким и тягучим, а при 200ё С настолько хрупким, что его можно истолочь в порошок.
Более половины добываемого в мире цинка расходуется на изготовление оцинкованного железа и оцинкованной проволоки для канатов. Нанесение на поверхность стали и чугуна тонких пленок коррозионно-стойких металлов – важнейшее средство защиты от коррозии. А на первом месте среди всех металлопокрытий – и по важности, и по масштабам – стоят покрытия цинковые. На защиту стали идет 40% мирового производства цинка.
Цинк не устойчив к действию кислот и щелочей и растворяется в них. Поэтому в оцинкованной посуде не следует варить пищу, квасить капусту, огурцы или помидоры, хранить томат. Возможны очень опасные отравления, так как растворимые соединения цинка ядовиты.
В биологическом отношении цинк - весьма интересный элемент. Растениям для нормального роста и развития необходимы небольшие количества цинка. Но в некоторых растениях содержится много цинка. Так, в широко распространенном подорожнике содержится 0,02% цинка, фиалке-0,05%. Развитие различных грибков, в том числе и дрожжевого, ускоряется в присутствии цинка. У некоторых беспозвоночных животных цинк играет ту же роль, что железо в крови у позвоночных.

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