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Assess the View That Conscience Need Not Always Be Obeyed (35 Marks)

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Assess the view that conscience need not always be obeyed (35 Marks)
Conscience, an individuals’ moral sense of right or wrong, is the driving force behind many of our actions and decision making in life. A number of people, the most prominent being the German neurologist Sigmund Freud, believe that the shaping and subsequent implementation of the human conscience is brought about as a direct result of environmental factors, in other words, that conscience is formed through conditioning of the mind. On the other hand, the opposing view held with regards to conscience is that it is innate part of us, borne into existence from the moment we are born. This stance is most often upheld by Christianity, moreover, that God is responsible for placing within us our conscience and as such, it must be obeyed at all times given the gravitas of its supposed link to religion. A key aspect of conscience, irrespective of whether it is innate or environmental is whether or not it must always be obeyed. It can be argued that some individuals may possess a skewed sense of morality, thus preventing them from doing what the consensus may perceive to be an ethical, positive action. Indeed, at times it may seem entirely reasonable to completely disregard conscience, calling into question whether it is of any need at all.
As touched upon briefly before, Freud believed that the conscience is formed as a direct result of our early childhood in which our behaviour is either positively or negatively reinforced. Feelings of guilt, embarrassment and shame all supposedly play a part in programming into humans how they should behave. Conversely, positive reactions such as encouragement and praise also go some length towards shaping the conscience of individuals during their formative years. In Freud’s opinion, it is through this self-awareness and seeming anticipation of the response of others

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