...Running head: Assessment STRATEGIES IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION Assessment Strategies in Early Childhood Education Pamela Durant-Stewart Strayer University Dr. Elkanah Faux DSP9999 Seminar January 29, 2011 Assessment Strategies in Early Childhood Education Assessment theories and strategies are used to evaluate children so that the teacher can better aid the child in the learning environment. As a teacher, I believe that assessments are an important tool that can give extensive information about children; especially in Early Childhood development. Pellegrino, Chudowsky & Glaser (2001) stated that “although assessments are used for many purposes in the educational system, a premise of this report is that their effectiveness and utility must ultimately be judged by the extent to which they promote student learning” (p. 221). Strand, Cerna & Skucy (2007) support the deductive-psychometric model, which is a framework for legitimizing constructs that arise from theories (p. 209). The authors discuss how the traditional approach to assessment in early childhood education is based on getting as much information about the child as possible. Educators who use this approach believe that more information is better; however Strand, Cerna & Skucy believe that this contradicts 50 years of decision-making research. Instead, the authors propose that teachers focus more on the theories behind deductive constructs more so than psychometric analysis, because, the legitimacy...
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...Table of Contents Chapter 1 Mass Media Literacy 2 Chapter 2 Media Technology 16 Chapter 3 Media Economics 33 Chapter 4 Ink on Paper 49 Chapter 5 Sound Media 64 Chapter 6 Motion Media 80 Chapter 7 New Media Landscape 96 Chapter 8 News 112 Chapter 9 Entertainment 128 Chapter 10 Public Relations 144 Chapter 11 Advertising 160 Chapter 12 Mass Audiences 176 Chapter 13 Mass Media Effects 192 Chapter 14 Mass Media and Governance 209 Chapter 15 Mass Media Globalization 225 Chapter 16 Media Law 241 Chapter 17 Ethics 258 Chapter 1 Mass Media Literacy 1.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Media researchers at Ball State University found that people are intentionally involved in a media activity for __________ percent of their waking hours. A) 1 B) 10 C) 30 D) 60 Answer: C, Topic: Media Ubiquity Page Ref: 3 2) Traditionally, mass communication is defined as the technology-assisted transmission of messages to A) print journalists. B) interpersonal audiences. C) mass audiences. D) only niche audiences. Answer: C, Topic: Media Ubiquity Page Ref: 4-5 3) According to the research firm Nielsen, the medium that is used much more per day than other media is A) music. B) magazines. C) television. D) newspapers. Answer: C, Topic: Media Ubiquity Page Ref: 4 4) Mass media have become so integrated into people’s lives that __________ is common. A) mainstreaming B) media multitasking C) writing letters...
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...RUNNGHEAD: ASSESSMENT OF READING Assessment of Reading Alma J. Bosket Curriculum, Methods and Assessment: Literacy and Language Arts-EED-470 Professor Katie G. Troub September 23, 2012 Assessment of Reading Chart |Assessments |Characteristics |Compare and | | | |Contrast | | | | | |Developmental Reading |A set of individually administered criterion |Modeled after an informal reading inventory that is | |Assessment |referenced reading assessments for students |intended to be administered, scored, and interpreted by | |(DRA) |in Kindergarten through 8th Grade. |classroom teachers. | | | |In addition, its purposes include identifying students’ | | | |reading strengths and weaknesses, planning instruction, | | | |monitoring reading...
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...efficient and effective use of modern ICT in all spheres of the society with a view to establishing good governance. In other word, making Bangladesh a digital one, we have to establish technology driven e-governance, e-commerce, e-production, e-agriculture, e-health etc, in the society emphasizing the overall development of the common people. Building strong ICT infrastructure is the pre-requisite for making Bangladesh a digital one. For this, we need to focus on the following relevant issues assessing the harsh reality that hinders our development in this context. Latest statistics show that Bangladesh faces a power deficit of up to 200 MW against a demand of 5000 MW daily. It may be noted that for proper ICT development an uninterrupted power supply is a must. For the ICT development Internet users of the country must be increased. In this case our place is the worst one among the South Asian countries. From different sources, it has been learnt that, English literacy rate in Bangladesh is less than one percent. Whereas, English literacy rates in India and Pakistan are 60% and 20% respectively. There is a strong correlation between English literacy and ICT development in the present context of globalization. In the arena of ICT English has become the Lingua-Franca. Though the above accounts seem to be frustrating one, these can be easily overcome within a reasonable span of time if we can establish good governance in the country. For making a digital Bangladesh by 2021, the...
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...Reflection on Teaching the Literacy of Professionalism Kimberly Diamante Gateway Technical College Reflection on Teaching the Literacy of Professionalism My article was titled Teaching the Literacy of Professionalism, within the article they discussed the development and implementation of a course to promote development of professional skills related to scholarship. The article states that many RN’s seeking their BSN are lacking well-developed nonclinical professional skills. As such they sought to help students explore professional growth through writing, presenting, portfolio development and management in an elective online course. Each week students were given required readings from professional journals, web sites and other media. The administrators chose to use periodicals rather than text book as they felt it better met the goal of keeping the literature current. Students then used these journals to orchestrate a group presentation on professionalism in nursing. All students met the coarse competencies and student evaluations of course were overwhelmingly positive. After having read multiple articles on professionalism I learned that professionalism seems to mean many different things to different nurses. From a historical stand point “Professionalism” is defined as "a vocation with a body of knowledge and skills put into service of the good of others" (Arnold, 2002, p. 502). Regardless of how an individual defines professionalism, one irrefutable fact remains;...
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...classroom literacy observations relates to standard 3 observing, documenting, and assessing to support young children's and families. Based on observing classroom literacy and interaction between children and teachers, a few of the key elements states that understanding the goals, benefits, and uses of assessment. Understanding and practicing responsible assessment to promote positive outcomes for each child. By evaluating the classroom and the needs of the children including interests there is an understanding of what literacy materials can be placed throughout the classroom. The 5 booklists relates to standard 1 promoting child development and learning. By understanding and applying understanding of the different books and establishing if the book is developmentally appropriate for them that can reflect both positive and negative learning. With both special topics such as death, or divorce that can be an upsetting and even hard experience to explain to a child or to go through as well as diverse topics such as culture that can show differences in background. Each book either placed on shelves, or in the library give children opportunities to engage with. The literature study relates to standard 5, using content knowledge to build meaningful curriculum. I chose this standard because designing activity plans require the ability to create developmentally appropriate practices such as activities that are meaningful, and challenging to support all children's learning development in...
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...efficient and effective use of modern ICT in all spheres of the society with a view to establishing good governance. In other word, making Bangladesh a digital one, we have to establish technology driven e-governance, e-commerce, e-production, e-agriculture, e-health etc, in the society emphasizing the overall development of the common people. Building strong ICT infrastructure is the pre-requisite for making Bangladesh a digital one. For this, we need to focus on the following relevant issues assessing the harsh reality that hinders our development in this context. Latest statistics reveal that Bangladesh faces a power deficit of up to 200 MW against a demand of 5000 MW daily. It may be noted that for proper ICT development an uninterrupted power supply is a must. For the ICT development Internet users of the country must be increased. In this case our position is the worst one among the South Asian countries. From different sources, it has been learnt that, English literacy rate in Bangladesh is less than one percent. Whereas, English literacy rates in India and Pakistan are 60% and 20% respectively. There is a strong correlation between English literacy and ICT development in the present context of globalization. In the arena of ICT English has become the Lingua-Franca. Though the above accounts seem to be frustrating one, these can be easily overcome within a reasonable span of time if we can establish good governance in the country....
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...1.1 Analyse how types of assessment are used in lifelong learning Assessments should be a regular process; it might not always be formalised, but you should be observing what your students are doing, asking questions and reviewing their progress throughout their time with you (Gravells 2012). It Is a way of finding out if learning has taken place .It enables to ascertain whether the student has gained the required skills, knowledge and attitudes needed at a given point towards their programme of learning. Assessment is not another term for evaluation: assessment is of the students whereas evaluation is of the program. Assessment is specific towards student’s achievements and how they can improve. Assessment are internally or externally set. Assessment types There are three types of assessment used in lifelong learning sector depending upon the subject and the requirements. They are Initial Assessment, Formative Assessment and Summative Assessment. Initial Assessment This is the formal way of ascertaining student’s prior skills and knowledge of the subject to be taken and whether they have any specific needs. Initial assessments will help to identify any particular aspects which may otherwise go unnoticed and also ensuring equality and diversity are met. Initial assessment will give information regarding about students, for example, any specific assessment requirements or needs they may have, their learning style or any further training and support their need. ...
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...ELL 240 Week 2 Assignment 1 Topic: Assessment and Placement of English Learners Thelma Bostic Michelle Schwab July 21, 2015 Assessment serves one main purposes when placing English language learners in the appropriate educational programming. There are different types of educational programming available but each program varies from state to state. The main purpose of the assessment is to make sure the English language learner is placed in the appropriate educational program. If the English language learner is placed in the wrong educational program it will be detrimental to the development of the English language learner. The educational program has to fit the needs of the English language learner so they are able to become proficient in English and to have academic success. There are several challenges that emerge when assessing English language learners. The first one I will discuss is the lack of common criteria for identifying English language learners and tracking their academic performance. According to the U.S. Department of Education, English language learners are defined as students between the ages of 3 and 21 enrolled in elementary or secondary education, often born outside of the U.S. or speaking a language other than English in their homes, and not having sufficient mastery of English to meet state standards and excel in an English language classroom (Short & Fitzsimmons 2007). States vary in how they use the Department of Education’s definition...
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...NAME: ARNEJO, MURIELLE ANNE C. BEED-ECEIII 1.Reflected diary-A reflective journal is a means of recording ideas, personal thoughts and experiences, as well as reflections and insights a student have in the learning process of a course. In addition to the demands of a typical written assignment (e.g. able to give definition on concepts, demonstrate basic understanding of course materials), reflective journal requires the students to think more deeply, to challenge their old ideas with new incoming information, to synthesize the course materials they have learnt into their personal thoughts and philosophy, and also to integrate it into their daily experiences and future actions. The benefits of the reflective learning process are usually accumulated over a period of time, in which the students usually show a series of developmental changes, personal growth and changes in perspectives during the process. 2.journal-journal is an academic magazine published on a regular schedule. It contains articles written by experts in a particular field of study, based on research or analysis that the author, or authors, did. That research might include case studies in the medical field, primary source research in the field of history, or literature analysis. Journal articles are written for experts or students of that particular field who have an advanced field-specific vocabulary and knowledge. A personal record of occurrences, experiences, and reflections kept on a regular basis;...
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...All people are acquainted with the word illiteracy; it is considered the inability to use language, to read, to write, to listen and to speak. Today, it is considered as being unable to read and write at a level suitable for written communication or at a level that will allow an individual to function at certain levels of society. In the simplest of terms, illiteracy is the opposite of literacy. We all recognize that illiteracy is bed, that it prevents the cultural growth of a people. Illiteracy in all countries continues to exist on an appalling scale, it can be vanquished and that quickly, if actions are taken and efforts are made by private organizations or the government. Illiteracy is not just a matter of not being able to read books, as was indicated above. It affects many of the activities of adult daily living and it presents a major obstacle to effectiveness in their jobs and home life. Illiteracy comes from lots of reasons, but mostly it comes from the country’s weak situation economically and culturally, educationally, and from its people choices and decision. Ignoring it just causes more problems. First, one of the problems is that illiteracy plays a role in threating the culture and the economy in any country especially Egypt. Culture plays an important role to determine the rights and responsibilities and what the appropriate behavior is for the people. As Lyndon, Selvadurai, Er, Moorthy state that people should recognize that the problem of illiteracy before it...
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...How Information Literacy Relates to the SPL Model in Education Theresa McInnes University of Phoenix How Information Literacy Relates to the SPL Model in Education In an age where information is available with a single keystroke, Information Literacy (IL) is a foundational necessity. Striving to become a productive component in a global society, educators recognize many basic skills have been lost in the process (Badke, 2009). The speed of technology has replaced notable research tools such as paper books, paper pads and pens. Public demands for acquiring research quicker than previously available has weakened the reliability of the research available (Larsen, 1997). In relation to education, the processing speed information technology brings, directly impacts literacy, integrity and responsibility in regards to the Scholarship, Practice, and Leadership Model. Scholarship and Information Literacy Russell (2009) described the vast amount of information as overwhelming, which in turn drives many students to seek out easier but less reliable alternatives such as Dictionary.com or Wikipedia (p.92). As educators and life-long learners, educating students, while young, of the difference between reliable sources for credible information and quick-fix sites is crucial. A non-scholarly leader may underestimate the value of information literacy. Without the ability to know when information may be required, how to seek, evaluate and process information, or how to use...
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...Leadership Communication Skills Assessment Read through the list of skills and for each one check off your present capability in the chart below. Excel = You have mastered this skill and are excellent in it. Competent = You are competent in this skill but could polish it some. ✓ Need to Develop = This is a skill you need to develop further. | | | |Need to | |Area and Skill |Excel |Competent |Develop | |Part 1 – Assessment of the Core Abilities | |Audience Analysis and Strategy | | | | |Analyzing the context for communication | | | | |Analyzing audiences | | | | |Tailoring messages to different audiences | | | | |Selecting the most effective medium (channel) | | | | |Developing a complete communication strategy ...
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...Financial literacy is defined by Wikipedia as “the ability to understand finance. More specifically, it refers to the set of skills and knowledge that allows an individual to make informed and effective decisions through their understanding of finances” (Wikipedia, 2012). In the United States has taken several steps over the past decade or so to increase education and understanding of finance. The U.S. Treasury established the Office of Financial Education in 2002, which is responsible for expertise and education of persons within the Department of the Treasury. In 2003 the U.S. Congress also established the Financial Literacy and Education Commission. This department was charged with improving financial literacy of all people in the United States. We can see good and bad financial decisions being made every day just by looking around us. Even though the government has established several different consumer protection agencies some people still do not use them or don’t know how to use them. In turn this leads to bad financial decisions. Looking at the way the government and employers were running things several years ago by making financial decisions for us, “for example by providing health insurance, defined benefit retirement plans and social security” (Cooley, 2010). Now people have to make their own financial decisions for everything. Health insurance within the next few years will be decided by the family as some companies will opt out of their own coverage...
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...substituted by other teaching methods. Phonics screening check is one of the limitations of the method. It lacks the fit of the purpose of learning. The method when is used on fluent readers it fails them while is used when phonics is seemed to be obstructing readers. Most of the words that are used to help in learning are most confusing for learners, with the addition of screening check learners confidence is demoralized as readers. It has been identified that phonics leads to negative effects not only between a parent and child relationship and also how schools are organized (Diehl, Armitage, Nettles, & Peterson, 2015). Ways on how to assess phonics and procedures for exemplary phonics instruction A wide research has to be carried out when assessing phonics procedure so as to get practical principles but common sense is highly required. According to research, children who are taught early enough in an organized manner on how to interpret words, post a better result than those who are taught later using a random approach. Children who gain the essential ability to decode words move on forward and are be able to rely on themselves on learning words and reading, they mostly do not depend on the teachers (Kennedy et al, 2002). To make sure that phonics are achieved well by children the best instruction is to make sure that phonological awareness and alphabetic principles are well developed. One should not focus on teaching the basic rules and they should not use worksheets, they should...
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