...illness and disease. They will know how health of people around the globe has been shaped over time with changes in sanitation, food consumption, and education, access to diverse kind of health facilities e.t.c. Students learn to engage in critical reflection of health related issues in any particular populations and take look into it with a diversified perspective in order to plan, implement and evaluate population health initiatives. Teaching: The teaching will be given through lectures, class room discussions/seminars of health related issues in Bangladesh/globally, group work and research. In addition readings will be assigned followed by group quiz in class. Assessment: Assessment will consist of: □ Mid Term 30 □ Assignment 20 □ Class Attendeance: 10 □ Final : 40 Total Marks: 100 Research project The whole class will carry out a research toward the end of the course. Each...
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...ASSIGNMENT 1 In other for us to talk about health care in the United States, it is important for to trace the root of health from the Mid-19th century to the present date. The health care system has passed through four significant eras in the history of the country . I am going to break down these various eras for our better understanding. The year 1950 makes the beginning of health care in the united states . This year is so important for us because it’s saw the creation of the first hospitals in the states and its also marks the beginning of formal organization of health care in the country. It moves slowly to 1900 that coincides with the movement of health care in the U.S in to an era of scientific medicine. The world war two and the years following it until 1980 was a period of major social and political development . Here , organizational structures health care gave raise to insurance companies . The year 1980 approximately to present represented the change of health care from a primarily clinically driven system to one that was increasingly economically driven . This era was term as the era of limited ...
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...Blood Sciences Interpretative assignment 2015-16 A 19 year-old woman, patient M, has been diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis an infectious viral disease characterized by swelling of the lymph glands and prolonged lassitude by her GP. The diagnosis was confirmed by blood tests. Three weeks later she returned to her GP feeling very unwell. When examined she presented with symptoms of mild jaundice yellow discoloration of the skin caused by increase levels of billirubin. On examination there was tenderness in the right upper abdominal quadrant but the liver was not palpable. The GP took some blood and sent it for testing. Question 1 Discuss the typical laboratory results expected for haematological investigations in a case of infectiousHow is it used? The Monospot test is used to determine whether you have infectious mononucleosis. This test is rapid and easy to perform, but it is not 100% specific. More testing may be needed to confirm that the disease is mononucleosis and not another illness. ^ Back to top When is it requested? The Monospot test is requested if your doctor suspects that you have infectious mononucleosis, which causes fever, headache, swollen glands, tiredness, and malaise. Your healthcare professional may detect that you have an enlarged spleen or liver. The test will not be positive until you have been infected for about two weeks. Other tests may need to be requested if the heterophil antibodies are negative, but your doctor still suspects...
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...Cellular Structures and Pathogenicity Jennifer L. Wethington ITT Technical Institute Unit 2 Assignment 1 “Bacterial illness is a result of complex interactions between bacteria and the host. During evolution, humans developed many ways to protect themselves against bacterial pathogens. On the other hand, bacteria have developed strategies to evade, subvert or circumvent these defenses” (Sousa, 2003) “One of the most important characteristics of bacterial pathogenicity is the various strategies developed by prokaryotic organisms to use host molecules for their own benefit” (Sousa, 2003). “To accomplish this, bacteria have evolved elaborate control mechanisms to turn genes on and off, varying the transcriptional activator or protein repressors of systems that act at the structural level of the genetic material” (Sousa, 2003). “Without a doubt the most common and best studied of all prokaryotic motility structures is the bacterial flagellum. Composed of over 20 protein species with approximately another 30 proteins required for regulation and assembly, it is one of the most complex of all prokaryotic organelles” (Bardy, Ng, & Jarrell, 2003). “The bacterial flagellum is a rotary structure driven from a motor at the base, with the filament acting as a propeller. The flagellum consists of three major substructures: the filament, the hook and the basal body” (Bardy, Ng, & Jarrell, 2003). “One of the unusual variations on bacterial flagellation is the presence in...
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... Infection Prevention and Control Table of Contents Introduction Standard Statements Application of evidence-based measures Application of professional judgment Risk reduction Communication Maintaining a Quality Practice Setting Case Scenarios Appendix Glossary of Clinical Terms References 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 8 9 11 12 OuR MISSIOn is to protect the public’s right to quality nursing services by providing leadership to the nursing profession in self-regulation. OuR vISIOn is excellence in nursing practice everywhere in Ontario. Infection Prevention and Control ISBN 1-897074-32-8 Pub. No. 41002 Copyright © College of Nurses of Ontario, 2009. Commercial or for-profit redistribution of this document in part or in whole is prohibited except with the written consent of CNO. This document may be reproduced in part or in whole for personal or educational use without permission, provided that: • Due diligence is exercised in ensuring the accuracy of the materials reproduced; • CNO is identified as the source; and • The reproduction is not represented as an official version of the materials reproduced, nor as having been made in affiliation with, or with the endorsement of, CNO. First published February 1996 as Infection Control Guidelines (ISBN 1-894557-33-6) Reprinted January 2000, October 2000, revised for Web June 2003, reprinted January 2004 as Infection Control (ISBN 1-894557-44-1) Revised June 2004, December 2005. Reprinted May 2008 (ISBN 1-897074-32-8). Updated in June...
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...Food Safety Assignment List of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Relative importance of pathogens 3. Trends in foodborne illness 4. Emerging issues 5. Intervention strategies 6. Conclusion 7. References 1. Introduction From the very dawn of the mankind people have suffered from an array of infectious diseases. Advances in the ways of diagnostics and treatment allow us to ease this burden on the humanity. Information technology has provided scientific community with a chance to better control and, which is the most important, prevent foodborne diseases by gathering, analyzing and interpreting epidemiological data from a vast number of sites. Conclusions drawn as a result of such surveillance (trends in incidence, prevalence, endemicity of important pathogens, number of outbreaks, most common vehicles of infection, etc.) can be used to design intervention strategies to eradicate a disease as well as to assess a degree of success of food safety measures. Initially, epidemiological surveillance was limited to scientific trials or a certain disease; collection of data on a wider, national, scale was passive. But even these scarce results were able to convince authorities in many countries to approach this issue seriously, in a systemic manner and with bigger amount of resources. In the USA the best known at the moment program, FoodNet or Foodborne diseases Active Surveillance Network, was launched on January 1, 1996. At first it covered only the territory with 13.2 million residents...
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...Benchmark Assignment: The Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Andrea Elena Medina Grand Canyon University: NRS-427V Concepts in Community and Public Health Thursday, December 08, 2015 Benchmark Assignment: The Epidemiology of Hepatitis B A major global health issue impacting the international health community is Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B is viral condition that injures the liver due to the attempt to eliminate the virus, leading to progressive liver disease and cirrhosis (Hepatitis B (HBV, Hep B), 2014). The incidence of cirrhosis developing in people with chronic HBV is 8-20% (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2013; European Association for the Study of the Liver, 2012); the annual incidence of HBV-related liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, is 2-5% of people with cirrhosis (EASL, 2012). A person infected with Hepatitis B can transmit the virus to another person who hasn’t been affected by Hepatitis B in several ways. People can become infected with the virus when they come into contact with contaminated blood, semen and when other body fluids mix with the uninfected person’s body fluids. Examples of transmission occur from sexual contact, blood transfusion before the year 1992, sharing of needles or syringes, and from mother to baby at birth. Hepatitis B can be an acute, or short-term, illness for some people but for others, it can often lead to a lifelong chronic infection. The risk for chronic infection is related to a person’s age at the time of infection:...
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...Assignment 1: U.S. Health Care System Joshua D. Goldsmith Dr. Queensberry HSA 500 October 28, 2013 The U.S. health care system has evolved greatly over time. Beginning in the early 1900s, the American Medical Association became a national advocate for health care services. Medicine became more organized. Our health services system today is a result of our economic history and social status. America has strong beliefs about taking care of its citizens and delivering health care to all. Factors over time have molded our health care system into what it is today. Forces that have affected the development of the U.S. health care system are changing demographics, availability of services and service providers, and policy changes. Since before the 1900s, public health was the dominant target of the health care system. Epidemics of acute infections spread quickly through large populations. Citizens were living in poor conditions in which food, water, and housing were compromised. As these conditions became under control, life expectancy increased. The population grew as a result of infectious disease control and prevention. The number of persons 65 years of age or older has increased over the past years. The focus of the health care system has turned from infectious disease control and public health to the treatment of chronic conditions. Treatment for functional limitation and chronic conditions are more likely. Chronic conditions include diabetes, hypertension, and rheumatoid...
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...Benchmark Assignment: Epidemiology of Influenza Jaime Mercado Grand Canyon University Concepts in Community and Public Health NRS-427V-O504 Misty Stone August 14, 2015 Benchmark Assignment: Epidemiology of Influenza At the start of every winter season, hospitals rapidly begin preparation for the “Flu Season,” a time where vaccines are pushed heavily and every running/stuffy nose complete with fever is closely monitored to see if it will result in something more devious that the common cold; something called Influenza. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), defines this affliction as a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses; causing mild to severe illness; where serious outcomes of flu infection can result in hospitalization or death. (2015, para. 1). Now this virus is different than that of the cold; while some symptoms are similar, such as, sore throat, dry or productive cough, runny or stuffy nose, itchy eyes, and malaise, the big differences are fever or feeling feverish/chills, body aches, and the severity and onset of the symptoms. With influenza, symptoms have a rapid onset and can make you feel quite ill for a few days to weeks, while cold symptoms can make you feel bad for a few days. Influenza can also result in serious health problems such as pneumonia and bronchitis and can result in a hospitalization stay, mainly when concerning the very young, elderly or immuno-compromised individual. So, where did this hurtful...
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...------------------------------------------------- College of Arts & Sciences ------------------------------------------------- University of Phoenix Augusta Campus Syllabus Whenever there is a question about what assignments are due, please remember this syllabus is considered the ruling document. Although I will not make any changes in the learning objectives of the course, there will be modification of the weekly assignments that vary from the published UOP curriculum. This means that my assignments will differ from those in the course curriculum module that you downloaded. PLEASE NOTE: WHATEVER IS IN MY SYLLABUS ALWAYS TAKES PRECEDENCE OVER WHAT IS SPELLED OUT IN THE COURSE MODULE/SYLLABUS (ie weekly assignments, dates, activities). GENERAL COURSE INFORMATION Course Number: SCI/100 Course Title: Paradigms of Health Group Number: AGUC0909A Course Start Date: 09/20/2010 Course End Date: 10/18/2010 REQUIRED READING: Students are required to read all materials available at the Course Materials site for this course on http://ecampus.phoenix.edu. Facilitator Information Facilitator's Name: Barbara Welcher Home Telephone Number: (706) 733-5457 Preferred Address (OLS): welb359@email.phoenix.edu Insel, P. M., & Roth, W. T. (2008). Core concepts in health (10th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill. All electronic materials are available on your student Web site. ------------------------------------------------- General Course Description This...
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...serious complications in the very young and the elderly. Based on a six-month prospective cohort study by Vernacchio et al. (2006), diarrhea in infants and young children was reported to be 2.2 episodes per person-year with a median duration of 2 days. More of these were caused by viruses than bacteria. Although recent data are unavailable, a 1991 study by Glass, Lew, Gangarose, and LeBaron indicated that 325-425 children in the US die of diarrheal disease every year and 2.1 to 3.7 million children are seen by a physician for diarrheal diseases. C difficile infections are among the most serious causes of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and their incidence in hospitalized infants has been increasing (American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases, 2013). The major pathophysiology of the diarrhea associated with antibiotics is disturbance of the normal flora in the GI tract. The specific clinical question guiding the search for a quantitative research article is: In hospitalized pediatric patients taking antibiotics, does taking probiotics decrease the risk of antibiotic associated diarrhea? Population- hospitalized pediatric patients taking antibiotics Intervention- taking probiotics Comparison- not taking probiotics Outcome- reduction in diarrhea Probiotics is the independent variable (IV) in this question and diarrhea is the dependent variable (DV). The population is...
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...OSHA The Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) is a federal agency that operates under the U.S. Department of Labor. They are a law regulating agency that enforces laws that are put in place to protect employees in their place of work. The mission of OSHA is to ensure that businesses provide safe and healthy working environments for all their employees. In 1974 OSHA was developed and established by congress. In the 1960s there was a 20% rise in work-related accidents and injuries and something needed to be done to keep these numbers from increasing. House Representative William A. Steiger successfully passed a bill that would create OSHA. President Richard M. Nixon signed The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 on December 29th of 1970. OSHA was open for business in April of 1971. OSHA covered 56 million workers at 3.5 million various industries and businesses. OSHA created and organized standards at foundations such as the National Fire Protection Organization, American National Standards Institution, and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist. OSHA developed its first training program in Chicago in the mid-1970s. The training programs purpose was to educate its inspectors, and administer employers and employees training on safety standards. In 1975 OSHA had state authorities instruct onsite consolation programs at no cost. In the 1980’s OSHA started to make medical and exposure records the main focal point. In the 80’s OSHA...
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...Comparison Paper What is history? Why do we need to study history? When I first started this assignment, I wondered why we needed to describe the history of public health and include pertinent dates and significant events. Being a good student, I did what I was told. While doing the research I realized that history is what shapes us. We not only learn from our successes, but our failures too. History has transformed us into what we are and why we do the things that we do. The History of Public Health According to the “Southeast Public Health Training Center” (2012), “Leviticus is believed to be the first written health code in the world” (para. 1). The book of Leviticus was written around 1500 B.C. and dealt with such issues as personal and community responsibilities, hygiene, sexual behavior, and protection against infectious diseases (“Southeast Public Health Training Center,” 2012). I found this very interesting since here we are thousands of years later still dealing with basically the same issues. The middle ages (500 to 1500 A.D.) marked a time when sickness was thought to be a consequence of sin. Bloodletting and alchemy were prevalent during this time. The biggest mistake of this era was their failure to believe that the environment could be the culprit, thus leading to epidemics such as the bubonic plague which resurfaced in Europe during 1348. Two-thirds of the population died within two years before scientists and religious figures discovered the...
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...Bio550 All weeks Assignments IF You Want To Purchase A+ Work then Click The Link Below For Instant Down Load http://www.hwspeed.com/Grand-Canyon-Bio-550-All-weeks-Assignments-862145213248962.htm?categoryId=-1 IF You Face Any Problem Then E Mail Us At JOHNMATE1122@GMAIL.COM Grand Canyon Bio550 All weeks Assignments (week 1,2,6,7,8) Questionweek 1 week 1 Details: You are an epidemiologist, and have been asked to speak at Career Day for Myers College, a community college in your area. The theme of this year's Career Day is "Little Known Health Science Fields." Epidemiology has been identified as one such field, and you have been tasked with introducing the science to the students. In 500-750 words, address the following: 1. Define epidemiology. 2. Identify five objectives of epidemiology. 3. Identify and explain three subspecialties within epidemiology. Refer to the "Areas of Epidemiology" resource. You are required to use a minimum of two scholarly resources. Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment. You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Refer...
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...Laboratory biosafety manual Third edition World Health Organization Geneva 2004 WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data World Health Organization. Laboratory biosafety manual. – 3rd ed. 1.Containment of biohazards - methods 2.Laboratories - standards 3.Laboratory infection - prevention and control 4.Manuals I.Title. ISBN 92 4 154650 6 (LC/NLM classification: QY 25) WHO/CDS/CSR/LYO/2004.11 This publication was supported by Grant/Cooperative Agreement Number U50/CCU012445-08 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the CDC. © World Health Organization 2004 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Marketing and Dissemination, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: bookorders@who.int). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to Publications, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: permissions@who.int). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning...
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