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Assignment 3

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Words 1196
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Universiti Kuala Lumpur Business School

MPU 3333
Isu Isu Kontemporari Muslim di Malaysia

Nama : Mohamad Fizreen Firdaus bin Zamzamili
ID Num : 62283313008
Group : AC40
Pensyarah : Fizree Bin MD Fauzi

Fahaman liberalisme sememangnya satu fahaman yang semakin hari semakin menular dan berkembang di dalam masyarakat kita. Fahaman ini sebenarnya merupakan jarum halus yang mampu menggugat aqidah kita sebagai umat Islam. Menurut kamus Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka edisi keempat, istilah liberal memberi maksud bebas atau terbuka. Manakala, penambahan 'isme' pula membawa maksud kepada fahaman atau idealogi pemikiran. Secara mudahnya perkataan Liberal bermaksud, (1) (bersifat) condong kepada kebebasan dan pemerintahan yang demokratik (misalnya menentang hak-hak keistimewaan kaum bangsawan), (fahaman) bebas dan (2) bersifat atau berpandangan bebas, berpandangan terbuka (tidak terkongkong kepada sesuatu aliran. pemikiran dan sebagainya). Merujuk kepada definisi di atas, Islam sememangnya sebuah agama yang liberal. Ia membebaskan manusia daripada belenggu penyembahan sesama makhluk, bahkan juga membebaskan manusia daripada penindasan, kezaliman dan penghinaan sesama manusia. Islam memiliki dasar yang terbuka terhadap peradaban manusia selagi mana ia tidak melibatkan syirik yang menyekutukan Allah, perbuatan yang menyalahi syari‘at-Nya dan kepercayaan kurafat yang merendahkan kedudukan manusia. Lalu apakah yang dikehendaki dengan gelaran Aliran Islam Liberal? Jawapannya dapat kita lihat sendiri pada penambahan perkataan “Liberal” kepada Islam yang sememangnya sudah liberal. Ertinya aliran ini mengkehendaki ciri keterbukaan dan kebebasan yang lebih daripada apa yang sedia ada dalam syari‘at Islam yang asli. Liberalisme bukan sahaja berlaku dalam agama Islam, bahkan turut terjadi dalam agama samawi yang lain seperti agama Yahudi dan Kristian. Liberalisme dalam setiap agama selalunya mempunyai kaitan dengan perkembangan zaman industri, penulisan politik dan kemajuan teknologi. Dalam menghadapi kemodenan, terdapat dalam kalangan penganut yang agama yang cuba menafsirkan nas-nas agama masing-masing agar kelihatan serasi dengan perubahan zaman dan idealogi mereka sehingga terdapat sebahagian tafsiran mereka telah meruntuhkan maksud sebenar yang terkandung dalamnya. Gerakan Pemikiran Liberal mengandungi fahaman-fahaman yang didapati menyeleweng dari aspek akidah dan syariah seperti dari aspek akidah. Mereka berpegang kepada Konsep Pluralisme di mana konsep pluralisme adalah menjadi pegangan utama dalam aliran pemikiran liberal. Pluralisme agama berpendirian bahawa setiap agama mempunyai konsep, persepsi dan respon yang tersendiri terhadap Realiti Yang Agung (ultimate reality). Semua agama adalah sama tarafnya merujuk kepada Realiti Yang Agung. Selain itu, mereka juga berpendapat bahawa akal manusia adalah wahyu. Mereka meletakkan aliran wayhu ini kepada dua kategori iaitu wahyu yang bertulis dan wahyu yang tidak bertulis. Wahyu bertulis adalah al-Quran dan ia adalah teks semata-mata. Wahyu tidak bertulis adalah akal manusia dan akallah yang sebenarnya menghidupkan teks al-Quran berdasarkan tujuan, konteks suasana zaman. Fahaman liberal juga sememangnya meragui ketulenan Al-Quran. Mereka mendakwa al-Quran diresapi dengan budaya Arab kerana orang Arab menjadi pemilik bahasa itu, tambahan pula katanya Nabi Muhammad yang menjadi pembawa risalah juga terdiri dari orang Arab. Mereka menyatakan bahawa kesahihan risalah tersebut tidak ada lagi kerana sebenarnya yang ada hanyalah message budaya Arab. Dari segi aspek syariah, para pendukung fahaman liberal sering mempersoalkan methodologi pentafsiran al-Qur’an dan al-Hadith. Aliran pemikiran ini mempersoalkan cara atau methodologi pentafsiran al-Quran yang digunapakai kini. Dengan slogan membuka dan membebaskan tafsiran al-Quran, aliran pemikiran ini menggunakan pendekatan tafsiran sendiri terhadap beberapa ajaran al-Quran yang jauh berbeza dengan pegangan Ahli Sunnah wal Jamaah. Contohnya, mereka mendakwa syurga dan neraka tidak wujud melainkan kesan psikologi kegembiraan dan kesedihan manusia. Hari akhirat ditafsirkan sebagai tidak wujud melainkan satu fasa untuk manusia mencapai satu tingkatan kepada tingkatan yang lebih matang dan sempurna. Mereka juga sering menggesa tafsiran baru konsep ibadat. Pada mereka aliran pemikiran ini berpegang kepada membuka dan membebaskan tafsiran al-Quran, sebagai alasan untuk memajukan umat Islam dan menganjurkan agar teks-teks al-Quran menempuh proses dekonstraksi bagi membolehkan tafsiran-tafsiran baru dibuat. Mereka juga mempertikaikan kriteria dan akhlak kenabian. Mereka secara sinis mengkritik sifat Nubuwwah yang dimiliki oleh Rasululah s.a.w. dengan mengatakan ia tidak lain hanyalah sebagai kemampuan kepimpinan seorang manusia ke atas manusia lain (leadership value). Justeru sesiapapun boleh mempunyai sifat nubuwwah tersebut untuk memimpin manusia ke arah ciri-ciri yang baik. Malah mukjizat seperti peristiwa Isra’ dan Mikraj dianggap sebagai bahan cerita yang sengaja diperbesarkan oleh pengikut baginda yang taksub sedangkan ia hanyalah sekadar mimpi yang tidak terjadi di alam realiti. Golongan liberal juga terkenal dengan sikap terhadap ilmu-ilmu Islam. Pada golongan ini, ilmu-ilmu Islam seperti Usul al-tafsir, Usul al-Fiqh, Usul alH-adith, al-Jarah wa al-Ta’dil dan sebagainya yang telah secara Ijma’ diterima sebagai metode dalam displin ilmu, telah dikritik oleh aliran pemikiran ini sebagai buatan manusia. Penentuan hukum yang telah qat’ie dan hukum yang tidak qat’ie menurut mereka perlu dinilai semula dalam usaha merealisasikan konsep membuka dan membebaskan Islam melalui tafsiran semula ajaran Islam. Aliran pemikiran liberal ini mempunyai kaedah yang tersendiri apabila merujuk kepada hukum-hukum Fiqh iaitu mengambil tujuan hukum bukan bentuk hukum. Terdapat banyak kesan buruk yang akan ditinggalkan golongan fahaman liberal ini kepada masyarakat. Sebagai contoh kes Lina Joy. Kes murtad, dia hanya minta buang perkataan Islam di kad pengenalannya. Jadi, hujah dia ialah agama itu hak individu. Selain itu, mereka menolak keras perlaksanaan hukuman hudud. Isu hudud ini isu kebolehupayaan kita untuk melaksanakannya, itu sahaja isunya. Tapi bukan isu terima atau tak terima. Hudud memang wajib diterima. Tapi golongan Islam Liberal ini dari awal lagi dia tolak sebab benda-benda itu berkait dengan hak asasi individu. Kebiasaanya mereka yang berfahaman liberal pemikirannya telah dijangkiti oleh 4 jenis virus yang boleh membunuh benih-benih iman dan Islam dalam pegangan hidupnya, iaitu yang pertama (1) relativisme – iaitu virus liberal yang memandang semua kebenaran adalah relatif (tidak pasti), sehingga tidak ada kebenaran mutlak, termasuk kebenaran agama. Virus ini akhirnya akan menimbulkan penyakit pluralisme yang memandang semua agama sama dan benar, sehingga tidak boleh suatu umat beragama di dunia ini mendakwa hanya agamanya saja yang paling benar, sebaliknya perlu mengakui kebenaran agama lain. Virus yang kedua ialah (2) skeptisisme – iaitu virus liberal yang meragukan kebenaran agama dan menolak keuniversalan dan komprehensifnya agama yang mencakupi semua sektor kehidupan, sehingga agama hanya mengatur urusan ritual ibadah saja dan bukannya agama itu sebagai ‘Addin’. Virus ini menimbulkan penyakit sekularisme yang memisahkan urusan agama dari semua urusan Negara, baik yang bersangkutan dengan politik dan siasah, ekonomi, sosial dan budaya, pendidikan, industri maupun sains dan teknologi. Virus yang ketiga ialah agnotistisme – iaitu virus liberal yang melepaskan diri dari kebenaran agama dan bersikap tidak tahu menahu tentang kebenaran agama, sehingga agama tidak lagi menjadi sukatan dan rujukan dalam mengukur sesuatu kebenaran dan haq. Virus ini menimbulkan penyakit materialisme yang mengukur segala sesuatu dengan kebendaan (materialistik), termasuk dalam soal mengamalkan sesuatu perkara yang bersangkutan dengan agama dengan sentiasa menghitung keuntungan dan rugi di dunia. Virus yang keempat iaitu atheisme – iaitu virus liberal yang menolak semua kebenaran, khususnya kebenaran agama dan memandang Tuhan hanya sebagai ‘Faith Identity’ (Identiti Kepercayaan) yang menjadi mitos (Takhayyul). Berfikiran bahawa agama itu harus dirumus dan dipegang dengan keyakinannya berdasarkan kepada rasional akal semata-mata. Virus ini menimbulkan penyakit sarionalisme iaitu segala sesuatu hanya diukur dengan akal semata-mata, sehingga akal dijadikan Tuhan dalam semua perkara yang difikirkan rasional. Jadi kita sebagai rakyat Malaysia seharusnya bersama-sama berganding-bahu bagi mengelakkan rakyat negara khususnya umat Islam agar tidak terpedaya dengan dakyah golongan liberal.

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Delegation

...Delegation Nikevia Gilmore COMM/215 January 19, 2015 Carol J. Amato, M.A. Table of Contents Introduction…………………………………………………………….3 What is Delegation……………………………………………………...3 Pros of Delegation……………………………………………………….3 Con of Delegation………………………………………………………..4 Conclusion……………………………………………………………….4 References/Work Cited…………………………………………………5 Introduction TV personality Anthea Turner once said, “The first rule of management is delegation. Don't try and do everything yourself because you can't.” (Delegation Quotes) Business owners, such as the owner of a Chick-fil-A restaurant located in Marlton, NJ, have to be willing to delegate tasks to their employees and trust that the assigned employee is going to complete the tasks adequately so he can be freed up to take care of other things associated with their business and to avoid unnecessary stress. What is Delegation? A Latin term originating sometime between 1605 and 1615, the term “delegation” is the act of giving control, authority, a job, a duty, etc., to another person. There are three basic elements of delegation: the assignment of duties, granting of authority to enable the subordinates to perform the duties assigned, and the creation of obligation on the part of subordinate to perform duties in an orderly manner. The process of delegation involves four steps. The first step is the assignment of duties to subordinates which entails the owner to decide exactly what duties he wants the subordinate to complete. The second step is the...

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