... With a previous diagnosis of asthma, her medications include an albuterol inhaler which she uses 3 to 5 times a day for the past 3 months. Her 14 point system review was unremarkable except for the chest which revealed wheezing on inspiration and expiration. It was noted that she was well-developed in mild distress. The differential diagnosis for this patient bronchitis, allergic rhinitis, chronic obstruction pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma exacerbation. Bronchitis is a respiratory condition that is characterized by inflammation of the lung mucus membrane. Typical symptoms are a persistent coughing, shortness of breath (SOB), chest discomfort, and...
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...patient, G.S., was admitted to the emergency department due to an asthma exacerbation. His mother reported that his medication had run out quickly and she didn’t have the money to refill his medications. After assessment and treatment of his respiratory distress, it was discovered that G.S. has had many episodes such as the one that brought him into the E.D. In addition, G.S.’s household environment isn’t conducive to repressing asthma exacerbations as both his mother and father have pets; it is know that dander/fur can trigger episodes. In addition, G.S.’s parents both smoke, which is also an irritant to patients with asthma. The behaviors reported show a need for education, so they may need more resources regarding the etiology/pathophysiology/triggers for asthma....
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...ASTHMA in Adolescents and Adults ASTHMA in Adolescents and Adults Susan Corbridge and Thomas C. Corbridge ASTHMA in Adolescents and Adults Many individuals suffer from a respiratory condition known as asthma and experience the acute and sometimes chronic effects of this disorder. This disorder often presents itself in an individual exhibiting the hallmark signs and symptoms of breathlessness, wheezing and coughing, due to the airway wall being inflamed and smooth muscle bronchospams. At this time it is imperative to assess the situation and take the appropriate action. Research shows that there is various causes to why inflammation and bronchospasm obstruct the airway, making it difficult to pin point any one cause. This article states that atopy has been identified as a risk factor, as well as exposure to allergens can increase or induce an asthma attack (GINA: the Global Initiative for Asthma, Global strategy for asthma management and prevention). There are many factors that can affect any one person with this condition, such as heredity, obesity, smoke, exercise, upper respiratory tract infections, perfumes and certain occupations can trigger respiratory distress with an asthmatic episode. There are other treatment considerations that evaluate and treating other conditions...
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...A 7 year-old female with a two year history of asthma presents to the clinic. She complains of increased wheezing, coughing, and having difficulty breathing. Her medication history entails albuterol HFA 2 every four hours as needed. The last three months has required in an increase to manage her symptoms. It has required 3-5 times a day. She also takes a children’s multivitamin daily and vitamin C tablet daily. On examination she was noted to have inspiratory and expiratory wheezing. After conducting a history and physical there are several differential diagnosis that can be considered at this time. Some of these consist of asthma exacerbation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis, and allergic rhinitis. Asthma exacerbation...
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...Health Assessment Case Study Introduction The focus of this case study is to examine further focused assessments that should be undertaken after Mr S's initial presentation of acute exacerbation of asthma. Reasoning for recommended focused assessments will be discussed with consideration of Mr S's presentation of symptoms, history, pathophysiology and risk factors for asthma exacerbation. Research on current asthma assessment protocols will guide recommendations, and assessment parameters will be described. Follow up care and self-management options for Mr S will also be explored. Asthma Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs. It is characterised by airflow obstruction and lung inflammation (Johnson, 2010). Asthma symptoms include wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath and cough (Johnson, 2010). Potential triggers for asthma include allergens, viral respiratory infections, irritants, stimuli such as cold air or exercise and gastro-oesophageal reflux (Estes et al, 2013). Airway obstruction in asthmatics is variable and reversible. However poorly managed asthma can leave lasting structural changes in the cells and tissues of the lower respiratory tract, resulting in airway remodelling and permanent fibrotic damage (Kaufman, 2011). There is currently no cure for asthma, therefore the disease needs to be managed (NACA, 2014). Pathophysiology and assessment parameters It is important to understand the underlying pathophysiology of Mr Saunders’ presentation...
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...Six-Year Old Asthma Case Study Week 2 Jacqueline Norton South University October 4, 2014 Advanced Pathophysiology NSG5003 Faculty: Rhonda Johnston CASE STUDY: A 6-year-old boy is being readied for discharge from the hospital. He was hospitalized with asthma for four days and will be using a nebulizer and metered dose inhaler at home. Develop a discharge plan that focuses on patient education, the use of the metered dose inhaler, and when the patient should use the nebulizer. You must include substantive rational for your answers using the readings and interjecting the pathological process resulting from the asthma and how the interventions stop the pathological process. (Grossman, 2013) defines asthma is a chronic disorder of the airways that causes...
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...Prevalence of Asthma in a Primary Care Setting Asthma is a major health problem in the United States as stated by the National Institute of Health, twenty- two million Americans have asthma, and nearly 1.8 million emergency room visits a year is the result of an asthma flare-up. Tem million of people missed work days a year because of asthma and the estimated cost are the healthcare is of $19 billion a year. Asthma is a major cause of missed school days for children and parents to missed work because of their children. Many adults and older children have several respiratory infection each year that may them visit the primary care centers; those who suffers from asthma have exacerbation of his or her medical condition because of this reason (Akinbani, 2010). The purpose of this paper is to analyze the prevalence of asthma in the Hispanic population and the importance of the recognition of risk factors for asthma symptoms, proper assessment, and treatment in the primary care setting. In order to treat this population is crucial to know their culture, believes, and practices to received their cooperation in the prevention and care of their medical condition. Hispanic population traces their ancestry to countries that were previously under Spanish rule, including Mexico, large part of Central and South American, and some Caribbean islands. Many of the Hispanic have variable proportion of European, Amerindian,...
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...References Arizona Department of Health Services (2008). Bureau of Tobacco Education and Prevention Strategic Plan for A Tobacco-Free Arizona. Retrieved from www.azdhs.gov/tobaccofreearizona/reports/pdf/tfa_strategic-plan.pdf Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to(2013). Smoking and Tobacco Use. Health Effects of Secondhand Smoke. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/secondhand_smoke/health_effects/ HealthMed, 2011. Relationship Between Prenatal Smoking and Respiratory Illness in Infants. Retrieved from http://ehis.ebscohost.com.library.gcu.edu References Arizona Department of Health Services (2008). Bureau of Tobacco Education and Prevention Strategic Plan for A Tobacco-Free Arizona. Retrieved from www.azdhs.gov/tobaccofreearizona/reports/pdf/tfa_strategic-plan.pdf Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to(2013). Smoking and Tobacco Use. Health Effects of Secondhand Smoke. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/secondhand_smoke/health_effects/ HealthMed, 2011. Relationship Between Prenatal Smoking and Respiratory Illness in Infants. Retrieved from http://ehis.ebscohost.com.library.gcu.edu Tida Bayoh Tida Bayoh Effects of Smoking to Infants Effects of Smoking to Infants Resources Available * Arizona Department of Health Services Community 602-542-1040 * Tobacco Free Kids 202-296-5469 * American Cancer Society 602-224-0524 * Center for Disease...
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...References Myers, T. R., & Tomasio, L. (2011). Asthma: 2015 and Beyond... 47th Respiratory Care Journal Conference, “Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care: What Does the Future Hold?” November 2010, Arizona... includes discussion. Respiratory Care, 56(9), 1389-1410. doi:10.4187/respcare.01334 * Asthma is a multifactorial, chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. The knowledge that asthma is an inflammatory disorder has become a core fundamental in the definition of asthma. (coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.) * The prevalence of asthma among children changes with increasing age. As an example, boys have higher current asthma prevalence, compared with girls throughout most of childhood. * From 1980 through the mid-1990s, the asthma hospitalization rate steadily increased in children under 17 years of age. * Trend analysis identified an annual 2.9% increase from 1980 through 1991, but there has been no statistically significant trend after 1991. * Overall non asthma hospitalizations for children has decreased over that period, whereas the asthma hospitalization rate remained level. * In 2006 there were 21 asthma-related hospitalizations per 10,000 children, for a total of 155,000 hospitalizations; this represented approximately 5.6% of all hospitalizations among children in 2006. * Trend analysis found that, while asthma related mortality increased 3.2% per year from 1980 through 1996, a reversal thereafter led to an...
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...treatment before exercise (I), compared to albuterol treatment after exercise (C) in preventing the asthma attacks (O) in school settings during physical education (T) Key words: exercise induced asthma, albuterol, teenage, school setting, and physical education Assignment Questions Guidelines What two guidelines were used? (AHRQ, n.d.) “Pathogenesis, prevalence, diagnosis, and management of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: a practice parameter.” (John M. Weiler, September 26, 2010) “Evidence-based care guideline for management of acute exacerbation of asthma in children aged 0 to 18 years.” (Acute Asthma Guideline, Cincinnati Children's Hospital...
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...Danielle Wilkinson Alternate Clinical Assignment 01/27/2014 Case Study #1 Episode I 1. List five common environmental triggers for asthma and give at least one specific example for each. Five common environmental triggers for asthma are exercise, allergens, odors, weather, and food. Exercise induced asthma is common in young children and adolescents. The airways in the lungs become narrowed during strenuous exercise. There are many different types of allergens that induce asthma like dust mites, pollen from tress, mold, and pet dander. Odors that can trigger asthma are cigarette smoke, some kinds of perfume, cleaning products, and smoke from burning wood. Weather can trigger asthma by a sudden change in temperature, extreme hot or cold temperatures, and humidity. Foods may also trigger asthma in some by eggs, milk, peanuts, wheat, and soy. 2. Describe the impact of asthma (e.g., morbidity, mortality, economic impact, groups disproportionately affected) on the U.S. population. Asthma affects approximately 16 million Americans, with 2million emergency department visits, and 4,000 deaths a year. Low socioeconomic status impacts Americans with asthma because they may not be able to afford the medication that is prescribed. The more persistent asthma is to an individual, the more damaging occurs in the lungs. The airways begin to undergo remodeling which includes persistent changes in airway structure. The airways begin to become narrower because the epithelial...
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...the risk factors for low back injury? 2. Describe differences between acute pain management and chronic pain management. 3. Identify common concerns related to long-term use of opiod medications. 4. What are the top three nursing diagnosis priorities for a patient with an acute exacerbation of chronic pain? 5. Identify and explain at least two adjuncts, other than medications, that are used for chronic pain management. 6. Describe the possible impact of chronic pain on the psychosocial, spiritual, cultural, and developmental levels of a patient. Asthma 1. What are the risk factors for asthma? 2. Describe routine nursing care that would be appropriate for a homecare patient. 3. Describe education a patient requires to self-administer nebulizer treatments. 4. What are the top three nursing diagnosis priorities for the patient having an asthma attack in the home. 5. Identify three common complications for untreated asthma. Explain the nursing care designed to prevent each of these complications from occurring. 6. Describe the effects of common asthma medications. 7. Prepare for teaching a patient with limited English proficiency how to manage asthma at home. Tuberculosis 1. What are the risk factors for tuberculosis? 2. Describe three different types of tuberculosis and the common treatment recommendations for each. 3. Identify common concerns related to long-term administration of tuberculosis medications. 4. What are...
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...disk disease, obesity and poor physical strength. 2. Describe differences between acute pain management and chronic pain management. The differences between acute pain management and chronic pain management are: acute pain can be treated right away and the patient’s pain might be relieved. The patient with chronic pain will have to be treated long term. 3. Identify common concerns related to long-term use of opiod medications. The common concerns with opioid medications are: the risk of drug tolerance, drug abuse, respiratory depression, and accidents related to the use of opioids. 4. What are the top three nursing diagnosis priorities for a patient with an acute exacerbation of chronic pain? The top three nursing diagnosis priorities for a patient with an acute exacerbation of chronic pain are: 1. Acute or chronic lower back pain. 2. Risk for injury due to lower back pain. 3. Risk for social isolation. 5. Identify and explain at least two adjuncts, other than medications, that are used for chronic pain management. Two other treatments that can be used to treat chronic pain are the rotation of hot and cold packs to reduce inflammation, and sooth the pain. The second adjunct treatment is relaxation by giving the muscles a break. 6. Describe the possible impact of chronic pain on the psychosocial, spiritual, cultural, and developmental levels of a patient. The person with chronic pain may withdraw socially because of the fear of being in pain...
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...Asthma Prof. Dunbar Feb 02 2015 HCS 245/ Introduction to Health and Disease Asthma is a respiratory disorder marked by breathing difficulty caused by temporary narrowing of the bronchi, the airways branching from the trachea to the lungs. Attacks usually are brought on by allergic reaction to ANTIGENS such as grass and tree pollens, mold spores, fungi, animal dander, and certain foods but may also be caused by chemical irritants in the atmosphere or by infections of the respiratory tract. Susceptibility to an asthma attack is based on hyperactivity of the bronchial muscles, which constrict on exposure to one or another of these agents. Episodes of asthma vary widely in severity and may last from a few minutes to several days. They may begin at any age but usually occur in childhood. In children, asthma often is associated with eczema, a skin inflammation that may reflect the tendency of the child to develop hypersensitivity reactions. The attacks usually become less frequent and less severe over the years and disappear in about half of all affected children before adulthood. In one form of asthma, called intrinsic asthma, however, the attacks become less frequent and less severe, but recovery between them is less complete. The bronchi in such patients become chronically narrowed, causing a progressive loss of capacity for physical exertion. The prevalence of asthma is only about 1 or 2 percent worldwide but varies greatly from country to country. In the United States...
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...Room due to an exacerbation of asthma. My client’s mother brought her to the Emergency Room January 14th at 9:30 am due to respiratory distress. My client was running a fever of 101.8 and had been coughing and wheezing for two days and was not showing any signs of improvement. According to Moby’s Pediatric Reference, asthma is a lung disease where there is an obstruction, or inflammation in the airway, airway hyperresponsiveness, or spasm of the bronchial smooth muscle. A flare up, or exacerbation of asthma can be precipitated by allergens, such as mold, animal dander, or dust. Asthma can also be brought on by stress, changes in the season or exercise. When interviewing my client’s mother, she stated G.G. had been trying to acclimate herself to a new living situation in her fathers home and this was causing her a significant amount of stress. My client’s father introduced a newborn baby and a new girlfriend to G.G. My client also does not have a bed at her father’s residence and as a result sleeps on the floor, near dust and dander. These are clearly the reasons why my client had an exacerbation of asthma. The prognosis stated by G.G. physician is “very optimistic” as long as there is a significant decrease in emotional stress and an improved sleeping condition at her father’s house. When assessing G.G. I noticed she was very irritable, and did not want to be bothered. She was congested and seemed restless as a result of this. As far as the pathophysiology of asthma, my client demonstrated...
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