...COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE OF COCKROACHES BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN HOUSEHOLDS IN KWARA STATE NIGEIRA By IBRAHIM, Ismail A. 05/46KA046 SUBMITTED TO DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY, FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE DEGREE (B.SC) IN ZOOLOGY July 2014 DEDICATION This project work is dedicated to ALMIGHTY ALLAH TABLE OF CONTENTS Title page i Certification ii Dedication iii Acknowledgments iv Abstract vi Table of contents vii CHAPTER ONE 1. Background of the Study 1 2. Objective of the Study 2 3. Scope of the Study 3 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 5 1. Biology Of Cockroaches 5 2.2 Cockroaches in Rural and Urban Communities of Kwara State 10 2.3 Predisposing Factors for Cockroach Infestation 17 2.4 Public Health Implications of Cockroach Infestations 17 2.5 Controlling Cockroaches 18 CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. The Study Area 21 2. The Study Populations 22 3. Method Of Sample Collection 23 4. Method Of Sample Preservation 25 5. Data Collection Technique 25 6. Data Analysis Technique 26 CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Introduction 27 4.2 Results 28 4.3 Discussion of Results 44 CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSIONS AND...
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...with my grandmother to the doctor for her arthritis treatment. Dr. Jean was the same one who took care of my mother for her asthma, of my father for inflammation in his right leg, and of my neighbors with each of their illnesses. He focused on health prevention, treatment and rehabilitation and was qualified to deal with any health issue. At the same time, he taught at the medical school and was considered a leader within the community. He is the man who inspired me to become a doctor. He was an internist. I was only 6 years old when I became a boarder at the nearest primary school, which was situated 14 kilometers from my hometown in Haiti. I reached it by foot every Monday, stayed for the week, and went back home every Friday. Through hard work, sacrifice and scholarships, I became the first one from my village to obtain a high school diploma. After high school, I took part in a nationwide contest in Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics and Social Sciences. I was among the top five finalists and awarded a...
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...A Study on Child Labour in Indian Beedi Industry By Dr. Yogesh Dube, Member NCPCR Assisted by Dr. Godsen Mohandoss Senior Technical Expert, NCPCR National Commission for Protection of Child Rights 5th Floor, Chandralok Building, 36- Janpath New Delhi – 110001 August 2013 Child Labour In Indian Beedi Industry Beedi Industry in India Beedies are made up of tendu leaves hand rolled with shredded tobacco. The beedi enterprises in India were established initially as cottage or family business houses, and grew into a massive industry with high turnover and enormous employment potential. In India, beedi industry is a major revenue source in many parts of the country where five lakhs million beedies1 are manufactured every year which worth nearly 65 million. States like Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar and Odisha are involved in both manufacturing of beedies and tendu leaves growing. Nearly 4.5 million workers are engaged in beedi industry in India with largest number in Madhya Pradesh (18.3 %), followed by Andhra Pradesh (14.4 %) and Tamil Nadu (13.8 %)2. Majority of the beedi workers are engaged in beedi rolling in home based work from the organized factories which has only ten percent of the workers involved in beedi rolling. Mostly the economically and socially backward populations are involved in beedi industry. It is to be noted that the tendu 1 Government of India, Report Circulated in the National Workshop on Beedi Workers Housing, Ministry...
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...(Gob) for the improvement of the environment sector, wherein this report may be a basis for actions and/or intervention. This work focuses on the aspects of understanding the important features of the Bangladesh environment that need to be essentially understood. The purpose of the report is to present the findings of a review done on the environment sector. The review considered the ongoing and past interventions, legal and policy regimes and finally outlined the outstanding issues facing the sector. Objectives of the study It is well established that the process of land use change leads to the alteration of existing environmental conditions of any area. The specific objectives of the study were: 1. To identify the existing land use pattern of the selected area; 2. To explore the prime causes of land use change and its Effects on the environment of the study area, and 3. To give some suggestions based on the study findings. gulations for new industries, and strengthening the regulatory system for agro-chemical pollution control. Alternatively, clean-up strategy can be mobilized through private organizations in a public-private partnership approach. Solid waste management. With the high density of...
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...The Greatest cause of preventable death Students Name: ID: * 12105038 Presented to Dr. Haitham Gamal ------------------------------------------------- Table of content: Contents | Number of page | Introduction | | Literature review | | Methodology | | Results | | Discussion | | Conclusion | | References | | Abstract Our purpose is to help people to understand dangers of smoking on them and people around them, hoping to decrease at least numbers of smokers to let them enjoy a healthier and longer life without problems. Introduction: Like most people, you already know that smoking is bad for your health. But do you really understand just how dangerous smoking really is and how it can be also deadly for non smokers too? Do you know that the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that each year smoking causes about 6 million deaths which is about 10% of all deaths and 0.6 million of these occurring in non smokers too due to second hand smoke? Do you know that smoking is considered as the greatest cause of preventable death globally? Since stopping smoking can be an extremely difficult process, understanding exactly how smoking harms your body and people around you can help keep you motivated to end that habit. So in our research we are going to talk about smoking health problems and second hand smoke. Literature review: Male and female smokers lose an average of 13.2 and 14.5 years of life,...
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...Health Professionals (ARHP). For further information contact: Constella Futures 1 D-11, Parkwood Estates Rao Tula RamMarg New Delhi 1100 022 Health Insurance Needs, Awareness and Assessment in the Bahraich District, Uttar Pradesh JANUARY 2008 The authors' views expreseed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government Contents List of Tables List of Figures List of Abbreviations Executive Summary Chapter 1: Background and Methodology .......................................................... 1.1 Introduction... 1.2 Objectives of the Study ................................. 1.3 Study Design and Methodology ....................................................................... 1.3.1 Sampling and Sample 1.3.2 Study techniques ................................................................................. 1.3.3 Development of the Brief Field Guide/Manual for Data Collection ................... 1.3.4 Pre-testing ..................................................... 1.4 Research Team Composition ......................................................................... 1.5 Training of Field Teams.. 1.5.1 Training for household listing...
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...Environmental and Social Performance Annual Monitoring Report Project Number: 7194/2078 July 2007 BANGLADESH: GrameenPhone Limited In accordance with ADB’s public communications policy (2005), this completion report excludes information referred to in paragraph 126 of the PCP. INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL PERFORMANCE ANNUAL MONITORING REPORT (AMR) Grameenphone Ltd. Grameenphone Bangladesh 10872 REPORTING PERIOD: JANUARY, 2006 TO DECEMBER, 2006 AMR COMPLETION DATE: JULY 02, 2007 Environment and Social Development Department 2121 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20433 USA www.ifc.org/enviro INTRODUCTION The Annual Monitoring Report IFC’s Investment Agreement requires Grameenphone Ltd. to prepare a comprehensive Annual Monitoring Report (AMR) for Grameenphone facilities and operations. This document comprises IFC’s preferred format for environmental and social performance reporting. The AMR informs the Environment and Social Development Department about the environmental and social state of the investment. Preparation Instructions The following points should assist you in completing this form. Please be descriptive in your responses and attach additional information as needed. • • • IFC’s Investment Agreement requires designated Grameenphone Ltd. personnel to complete and submit annual environmental and social monitoring reports in compliance with the schedule stipulated in the Investment agreement. Grameenphone...
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... Staphylococcus is more familiarly known as Staph (pronounced "staff"). Staph-related illness can range from mild and requiring no treatment to severe and potentially fatal. The name Staphylococcus comes from the Greek staphyle, meaning a bunch of grapes, andkokkos, meaning berry, and that is what Staph bacteria look like under the microscope, like a bunch of grapes or little round berries. (In technical terms, these are gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, usually unencapsulated cocci.) Over 30 different types of Staphylococci can infect humans, but most infections are caused byStaphylococcus aureus. Staphylococci can be found normally in the nose and on the skin (and less commonly in other locations) of 25%-30% of healthy adults. In the majority of cases, the bacteria do not cause disease. However, damage to the skin or other injury may allow the bacteria to overcome the natural protective mechanisms of the body, leading to infection. And one of the cures for staphylococcus aureus is vitamin c which is found in malunggay. Called "Malunggay" in the Philippines, "Sajina" in the Indian Subcontinent, and "Moringa" in English, it is a popular tree. Many Asians use the leaves of Malunggay (Sajina) like spinach and also the fruit it produces as a vegetable, like asparagus. Both the leaves and the fruits are very nutritious, which contain many vitamins like Vitamin C and other minerals. For centuries, people in India, Philippines, Malaysia, and Thailand have been eating these leaves as a part...
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...------------------------------------------------- Air pollution From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Bad air quality" redirects here. For the obsolete medical theory, see Bad air. "Air quality" redirects here. For the measure of how polluted the air is, see Air quality index. Not to be confused with Qualities of air. Air pollution from a World War II wartime production plant Air pollution is the introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulates, or biological materials that cause discomfort, disease, or death to humans, damage other living organisms such as food crops, or damage the natural environment or built environment. The atmosphere is a complex dynamic natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on planet Earth. Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earth's ecosystems. Indoor air pollution (see Airlog) and urban air quality are listed as two of the World’s Worst Toxic Pollution Problems in the 2008 Blacksmith InstituteWorld's Worst Polluted Places report.[1] ------------------------------------------------- Pollutants Main articles: Pollutant and Greenhouse gas Before flue-gas desulfurization was installed, the emissions from this power plant in New Mexico contained excessive amounts of sulfur dioxide. Schematic drawing, causes and effects of air pollution: (1) greenhouse effect, (2) particulate contamination, (3) increased UV radiation, (4) acid...
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...inaccessible and most patients cannot afford high cost medication. Henceforth, herbal medicines are often used as an alternative treatment. Inadequacy of providing supportive treatment to correct the decrease of platelet is fatal to patients. Thus, several decoctions of herbal plants are purportedly used to improve platelet count. Recently, the mortality rate in heparin – induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) has been reported as high as 20% (Greinacher & Lubanow, 2003). Retrospective data shows that up to 8% of heparinized patients will develop the antibody associated with HIT and that approximately 1–5% of patients on heparin will progress to develop HIT with thrombocytopenia suffering from venous and/or arterial thrombosis in at least one-third of cases (Warkentin et al., 1998). Heparin – induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a potentially devastating immune mediated adverse drug reaction caused by the emergence of antibodies that activate platelets in the presence of heparin. Despite thrombocytopenia, bleeding is rare; rather, HIT is strongly associated with thromboembolic complications such as death and amputation which involves in both arterial and venous systems (Franchini, 2005). One of the popular diseases in the tropical country that is responsible for the drastic decrease in platelet count (thrombocytopenia) could be Dengue as reported by the Department of Health in the Philippines; National Epidemiology Center in 2005, there were 17,934...
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...Where There Is No Doctor 2010 Where There Is No Doctor 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Library of Congress has already cataloged the 10-digit ISBN as follows: Werner, David, 1934Where there is no doctor: a village health care handbook / by David Werner; with Carol Thuman and Jane Maxwell-Rev. ed. Includes Index. ISBN 0-942364-15-5 1. Medicine, Popular. 2. Rural health. I. Thuman, Carol, 1959-. II. Maxwell, Jane, 1941-. III Title. [DNLM: 1. Community Health Aides-handbooks. 2. Medicine-popular works. 3. Rural Health-handbooks. WA 39 W492W] RC81.W4813 1992 610-dc20 DNLM/DLC for Library of Congress 92-1539 CIP Published by: Hesperian 1919 Addison St., #304 Berkeley, California 94704 • USA hesperian@hesperian.org • www.hesperian.org Copyright © 1977, 1992, 2010 by the Hesperian Foundation First English edition: October 1977 Revised English edition: May 1992 Eleventh printing: July 2010 ISBN: 978-0-942364-15-6 The original English version of this book was produced in 1977 as a revised translation of the Spanish edition, Donde no hay doctor. Hesperian encourages others to copy, reproduce, or adapt to meet local needs, any or all parts of this book, including the illustrations, provided the parts reproduced are distributed free or at cost—not for profit. Any organization or person who wishes to copy, reproduce, or adapt any or all parts of this book for commercial purposes, must first obtain permission to do so from Hesperian. Please contact Hesperian before...
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...Family Health Risk Assessment Athena Farella RN, CVN NURS 3200 Professional Nursing Practice: Health Promotion in the Community Kean UniversityProfessor Denise Van Sandt – Smith MSN, RN Professor Ruth Gorrell MSN, RN Professor Keddi Koovits, MSN, RN Abstract The B family lives in Marlboro, New Jersey. They are a family of four leading a very busy daily routine. Through changes in family structure, work routines along with an increase in daily activities of the children Mr. and Mrs. B family express concerns about finding ways to incorporate nutrition, health and exercise into their daily routines. They are meeting with a nurse through in home visits to learn ways to promote a healthy diet and lifestyle. The B family, through education, health promoting behaviors and following proper nutrition guidelines have begun to reduce their risk of heart disease and obesity. Family Health Risk Assessment Identifying Data The B family is a middle class nuclear family living. Their family was a traditional nuclear family after the births of their children with Mr. B working and Mrs. B staying home with the children, but is considered slightly less than traditional as Mrs. B has returned to work. The B family is a dual-parent family living in a middle class suburban neighborhood in Marlboro, N.J. Both parents work full time outside of the home with Mr. B traveling frequently for work. Both children attend public schools and are bussed to and from school daily. Mrs...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1.1 Introduction Stripping widows of property is a huge social problem in Zimbabwe especially with the escalating death toll due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Customary laws have been unable to address the problem which suggests that extra- legal interventions might be necessary. Social work intervention is necessary to preserve the widow’s worth and dignity as a human being, which is the principal value of social work. A widow is a woman who has lost a husband by death and has not remarried, according to The South African Concise Oxford Dictionary. Property stripping refers to depriving someone of acquired or inherited movable or immovable possessions that rightfully and legally belong to that person (The South African Concise Oxford Dic tionary; Kuenyehia 2003). This study uses stripping and grabbing interchangeably as refer ring to the same act. Basing their studies in Ikot Idem in Nigeria, Okunmadewa, Aina, Ayoola, Mamman, Nweze, Odebiyi, Shedu and Zacha (2002:106) maintain: [W]omen’s wellbeing often deteriorates quickly after the loss of their husbands, when they suffer threats of both their physical security and property. A widow often loses her husband’s property to the in-laws in accordance with family traditional rules. This study proposes to explore the widows’ experiences of property inheritance in the Binga District, in the North West of Zimbabwe...
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...Marketing Channel Strategies in Rural Emerging Markets Unlocking Business Potential By Benjamin Neuwirth Benjamin Neuwirth, Kellogg School of Management, bneuwirth2012@kellogg.northwestern.edu 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In his landmark book “The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid,” C.K. Prahalad describes the profits that can be earned by selling products to “Bottom of the Pyramid” customers. While there is truth to this, companies face unique challenges when operating in the rural regions of emerging markets where many of these customers live. For example, the consumer population is dispersed over a wide geographic area, transportation infrastructure is often poorly developed, and many consumers have sporadic and extremely low incomes. This paper examines these challenges from a marketing channel perspective. The fundamental question is: How can companies entering into rural emerging markets design a marketing channel strategy that meets the needs of customers and allows for the long-term profitable success of the business? I begin answering this question by examining common challenges that companies operating in this environment face. Each challenge is accompanied by examples of companies that have solved the problem in a unique way. Then, I develop a generalized framework for designing marketing channels in rural emerging markets. Finally, I apply the framework to d.light Design, a company that manufactures and sells solar lanterns in India and Africa and that I worked...
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...is probably in your house right now, though it may be hard to believe that such a common item is one of the world’s best all around herbs. The core of its worldwide ubiquity is found while walking through the bazaars of India where you are bound to find a masala wallah, a spice seller, with mounds of Turmeric that he is selling by the kilo. It is a great sight in the midst of mountains of clove buds, black pepper fruits, coriander seeds, cinnamon bark, cardamom pods and all these marvelous colorful spices that the world has loved since Silk Road days. Ayurveda is as full of commonsense as it is humming of the mystical and so, especially since it is an oral tradition, it is with the common people of India, like the spice sellers and the village mothers, that many traditions of herbal knowledge are learned and passed from elder to child for countless generations. In this way the ability of Turmeric is proven and its legacy grows. I have learned so much about ‘common’ herbs from ‘common’ people that I could never have learned elsewhere, a fact predicted by Paracelcus who in 1493 wrote: “The physician does not learn everything he must know and master from a high college alone. From time to time he must consult old women, gypsies, magicians, wayfarers and all manner of peasant folk and random people and learn from them, for these people have more knowledge about such things than all the high...
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