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Audit Chapter 15 Solutions

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CHAPTER 15

Debt and Equity Capital

Review Questions

15–1 A trust indenture is drawn to protect the position of bondholders by imposing restrictions upon the borrowing corporation. One of the most common of these restrictions is that the company must not declare dividends that would cause the working capital to fall below a specified amount. An overly generous dividend policy could leave the company so short of cash as to endanger the position of bondholders.

15–2 Restrictions commonly imposed on a borrowing company by long-term creditors relate to (a) dividend payments, (b) acquisition of property and equipment, (c) increases in managerial compensation and (d) acquisition of additional debt. Such actions are usually permitted only if they will not reduce the current ratio and amount of working capital below specified levels, or increase the debt to equity ratio above a specified level. Creation of a sinking fund is another common requirement designed to assure that cash will be available to pay the long-term debt at maturity.

15–3 The trustee protects the interests of the bondholders by accounting for the issuance and redemption of bond certificates, determining that provisions of the borrowing agreement are observed by the corporation, and reporting periodically on the amount of the liability and of any related sinking fund. This work by the trustee leaves little opportunity for either error or fraud in the issuance, servicing, or redemption of bonds.

15–4 The auditors should request from the trustee responsible for the debenture issue an exact description of the issue, a statement of the amount outstanding, amounts redeemed or purchased during the year, and the balance of the sinking fund.

15–5 The sources of information for preparation of the notes payable analysis for the audit working papers are the notes payable register (if

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