...Solutions for Chapter 8 Tools to Gather Audit Evidence Review Questions: 8-1. The three main tools the auditor might use in gathering and evaluating audit evidence are: • Audit sampling • Generalized Audit Software • Analytical procedures 8-2. Non-sampling risk is the risk that the auditor makes an improper assessment of inherent and/or control risk or did not apply audit procedures carefully. It can be minimized through: (1) Good hiring, training and supervision practices; and (2) Careful and knowledgeable review of audit documentation and audit procedures. Sampling risk is the risk that the misstatement projections based on the sample results lead to the wrong conclusion about the population because of a non-representative sample. Sampling risk can be reduced by increasing the sample size – to the extreme of auditing the entire population therefore eliminating sampling risk altogether. 8-3. Factors to consider when choosing between statistical and nonstatistical sampling include: • Need to quantify and control sampling risks. • Additional cost of designing, selecting, and evaluating a statistical sample. • Availability of computer software to assist in designing, selecting, and/or evaluating the sample. • Ability of the audit staff to properly implement statistical sampling. 8-4. a. Tolerable deviation rate depends on the significance of the control procedure being tested...
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...Cost Audit Cost Audit in EDP environment When planning the cost audit, the cost auditor should consider an appropriate combination of manual and computer-assisted audit techniques (CAATs). In determining whether to use CAATs, he should take into account: i) His computer knowledge, expertise and experience. ii) Availability of CAATs and suitable computer facilities. iii) Impracticability iv) Effectiveness and efficiency. v) Timing. In an EDP environment, the control procedures take basically two stages: 1. Manual Procedure – i.e. the clerical work done up to the translation of data into machine-sensible form. This stage, being manual, is subjected to usual internal control conditions and the Cost Auditor will have little difficulty in appraising them by means of ‘compliance test’ and ‘substantive’ test’. 2. Computer Procedures – i.e. the computer processing work. Auditing in this area is actually a complex activity, for which the Cost Auditor as a prudent person should develop himself for adequate EDP knowledge. Before the actually starts to conduct his audit in EDP environment he should envisage to maintain an ‘Audit Control File’, as his valuable kit. The Computer Audit control File may be built up containing full details of the system including: i) Copies of all source documents and the details of the checks that have been done to ensure their accuracy. ii) Details of physical control over source documents and any control tools on...
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...Auditing Cases instructor resource Manual f our th e d itio n Mark S. Beasley Frank A. Buckless Steven M. Glover Douglas F. Prawitt do not coPy or redistribute Prentice hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey ta b l e s e ct ion o f co n t e n t s 1 2 client acceptance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S o l u tionS inc lu de d in t h iS Section 1.1 Ocean Manufacturing, Inc. 3 The New Client Acceptance Decision s e ct ion Understanding the Client’s Business and assessing risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 S o l u tionS inc lu de d in t h iS Section 2.1 Your1040Return.com Evaluating eBusiness Revenue Recognition, Information Privacy, and Electronic Evidence Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.2 2.3 2.4 Dell Computer Corporation Evaluation of Client Business Risk Flash Technologies, Inc. Asher Farms Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Risk Analysis and Resolution of Client Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Understanding of Client’s Business Environment s e ct ion 3 Professional and ethical issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 S o l u tio nS inc lu de d in t h iS Section 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 A Day in the Life of Brent Dorsey Staff Auditor Professional Pressures Nathan Johnson’s Rental Car Reimbursement Solving Ethical Dilemmas–Should...
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...An HR audit is like an annual health check, says EJ Sarma. It plays a vital role in instilling a sense of confidence in the management and the HR functions of an organisation A healthy HR function in an organisation is as important as the physical and mental well being of a human body. Typically the basic reason why organisations prefer to conduct an HR audit is to get a clear judgement about the overall status of the organisation and also to find out whether certain systems put in place are yielding any results. HR audit also helps companies to figure out any gaps or lapses and the reason for the same. Since every company plans certain systems and targets, an HR audit compares the plans to actual implementation. The concept of HR audit has emerged from the practice of yearly finance and accounting audit, which is mandatory for every company, to be done by external statutory auditors. This audit serves as an examination on a sample basis of practices and systems for identifying problems and ensuring that sound accounting principles are followed. Similarly, an HR audit serves as a means through which an organisation can measure the health of its human resource function. Organisations undertake HR audits for many reasons: 1 To ensure effective utilisation of human resources. 2 To review compliance with tons of laws and regulations. 3 To instill a sense of confidence in the human resource department that it is well-managed and prepared to meet potential challenges and opportunities...
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... Philippine Auditing Practice Statement 1009 COMPUTER-ASSISTED AUDIT TECHNIQUES PAPS 1009 PHILIPPINE AUDITING PRACTICE STATEMENT 1009 COMPUTER-ASSISTED AUDIT TECHNIQUES CONTENTS Paragraphs Introduction Description of Computer Assisted Audit Techniques (CAATs) Considerations in the Use of CAATs Using CAATs Using CAATs in Small Entity IT Environments Effective Date Acknowledgment 1-3 4-6 7-16 17-25 26 27 28-29 The Auditing Standards and Practices Council (ASPC) issues Philippine Auditing Practices Statements (PAPS or Statements) to provide practical assistance to auditors in implementing the Philippine Standards on Auditing (PSAs) or to promote good practice. Statements do not have the authority of PSAs. This Statement does not establish any new basic principles or essential procedures; its purpose is to assist auditors, and the development of good practice, by providing guidance on the application of the PSAs regarding the use of Computer Assisted Audit Techniques as an audit tool. This Statement applies to all uses of CAATs involving a computer of any type or size. The auditor exercises professional judgment to determine the extent to which any of the audit procedures described in this Statement may be appropriate in the light of the requirements of the PSAs and the entity’s particular circumstances. PAPS 1009 Introduction 1. The overall objectives and scope of an audit do not change when an audit is conducted in a computer information technology (IT) environment...
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...Apollo Checklist | | | | | | | | | Section | | Page | To Do – Yes/No | WP Reference | Blackboard Template Available – Yes/No | Description of To Do | | Other Notes | Planning | | 6 | Yes | GA-1 | No | 2. Draft Engagement Letter using the sample letter from the previous auditors in Blackboard. You will need to type this in word from scratch. You will need to make appropriate changes as needed and as discussed in class. | | | Planning | | 6 | Yes | GA-2 | No | 3.Draft short staffing requirements memo | | | Planning | | 37 | Yes | Varies | Yes | Note you do not need to search for audit programs – Refer to Blackboard for Audit Program Templates that are included with each audit area. You will need to reference and sign off each audit step as required (note that all audit steps provided in the audit program may not be needed.) | | | Planning | | 38 | Yes | GA-3 | Yes | Draft workpaper for the notes and information obtained from the 2011/2012 minutes (as discussed in class) | | | Planning | | 42 | Yes | A-1, A-2 etc | Yes | Trial Balance numbers for 2011 and 2010 9pages 43-44 are already input into the excel worksheets to use as a trial balance template | | | Planning | | 45 | Yes | A-1,A-2 etc | Yes | Use excel trial balance worksheets to calculate analytics as we demonstrated in class. You must complete items 1a and b. Financial Statement and changes and financial ratios Also, we completed item 2 - using items {a}–{j} but not in memo...
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...assisted audit techniques (CAATs). A CAATs audit is focused on testing the computer systems for data integrity and security of the company’s information data processing. CAATs provide a 10 step process made available to the auditor for use as guidelines in conducting an efficient audit. The guidelines will reduce the time to complete the audit, save money and ensure a high degree of confidence in the audit results. The CAATs audit will provide the owner of Kudler Fine Foods with assurance that the systems are operating with accuracy and the data is secure. To initiate the audit procedure, the auditor will first collaborate with the owner of Kudler Fine Foods to define the intents and desired end results of the audit. The auditor will review the computer systems, processes, types of data and process controls with Kathy Kudler to ensure that she thoroughly understands the system. Through this collaboration, the auditor will determine the best strategies for assessing the risks associated with the system and current processes. He or she will also determine the optimal strategy for collecting and testing data. Once the auditor determines the best strategies for conducting the audit, he or she will begin collecting and testing data in the most time efficient and effective manner. Kudler Fine Foods will benefit from the CAATs audit in the company’s growth and expansion by having a high level of confidence in the accuracy and security of the system. The CAATs audit will...
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...The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Presented by: Ibrahim M. Conteh; Ruby Proctor Garcia; Kathleen M. Parry; Joseph M. Schmerling; Jaime Ulloa Auditing Theory and Practice 0902 ACCT422 4021 Due: April 29, 2009 Table of Contents Page Number What is the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002? 3 Why was SOX established? 4 When did SOX take effect? 5 What companies were affected and how? 6 What does SOX compliance require? 9 Conclusion 11 References 13 What is the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002? The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – its official name being “Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act of 2002” – is recognized to be the most significant U.S. federal disclosure and corporate governance legislation since the Securities Act of 1933 (the Securities Act) and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act), and, the provisions of the Act are significant enough that it is considered by many to be the most significant change to federal securities laws in the U.S. since the New Deal. It is best understood, however, not as a piece of legislation centered on a new concept of regulation, but as a process which mandated that many major reforms be implemented as soon as possible (in some cases, within 30 days) on the precise schedule specified by Congress. In that sense, the Enron and WorldCom debacles provided the impetus of public outrage that...
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...WebImagesVideosNewsMoreSearch tools About 35,600,000 results (0.43 seconds) Search Results [PDF] Client Acceptance - Test bank and manual solution textbooks https://thetopgrades.com/wp-content/.../InstructorResourceManual.pdf The case was prepared by Mark S. Beasley, Ph.D. and Frank A. Buckless, Ph.D. of North Carolina State University and .... Case 1.1: Ocean Manufacturing, Inc. Ocean Manufacutring Inc The New Client Acceptance ... www.studymode.com/.../ocean-manufacutring-inc-the-new-client-accept... Ocean Manufacturing, Inc.: the New Client Acceptance Decision: Case 1.1 Ocean ... Problem Solution: Harrison-Keyes Inc. Ayodeji Ajayi University of Phoenix ... Ocean Manufacturing, Inc.: The New Client Acceptance ... www.freecasestudysolutions.com/case-study-Ocean-Manufacturing-Inc-... Case 1.1 Ocean Manufacturing, Inc.: The New Client Acceptance Decision Ocean Manufacturing, Inc. is recommended as a ... ORDER NEW SOLUTIONS ... Solution Manual for Auditing Cases An Interactive Learning ... testbanksfor.com › All test banks and solution manuals Download Solution Manual for Auditing Cases An Interactive Learning Approach 5th Edition by Beasely. Solution Of Ocean Manufacturing Inc Free Essays 1 - 30 www.papercamp.com/group/solution-of-ocean-manufacturing.../page-0 Free Essays on Solution Of Ocean Manufacturing Inc for students. ... ACCT 805AE Case 4 Ocean Manufacturing, Inc The Osprey Group Feb 21, ... Auditing: r c aSe S t h at diSc uSS topicS rel ated to thiS...
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...several weeks I have had the opportunity to study Kudler Fine Foods operations. This has included their financials, inventory, payroll, and human resources. The attached brief explores audit productivity software used by Kudler’s audit firm and how it can help Kudler improve its operation and plans for expansion. Computer Assisted Auditing Techniques Computer Assisted Audit Techniques (CAATs) are computer base tools that an auditor uses to carry out various automated tests to evaluate the IT system or data. CATTs are very useful when the company has a significant volume of audit data in an electronic format (IT Audit Manual, 2011). Kudler Fine Foods has an independent auditor review their books every year. Among the computer assisted auditing techniques the auditors could use to validate data and system integrity in Kudler’s system are: • Electronic working papers – are used to support the audit opinion by demonstrating that the auditor has complied with set standards across all jobs, and the documents contain relevant information material to the audit (Quizlet, 2011). An advantage to using electronic work papers is that they automatically adjust other working papers when a related working paper is changed. They automate the audit process increasing the auditor’s efficiency. When the audit is complete, the auditor can automatically produce Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) financial statements (Core Concepts of Information Technology Auditing, 2004, p. 179)...
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...States Government Accountability Office GAO February 2009 GAO-09-232G FEDERAL INFORMATION SYSTEM CONTROLS AUDIT MANUAL (FISCAM) This is a work of the U.S. government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States. The published product may be reproduced and distributed in its entirety without further permission from GAO. However, because this work may contain copyrighted images or other material, permission from the copyright holder may be necessary if you wish to reproduce this material separately. United States Government Accountability Office Washington, DC 20548 February 2009 TO AUDIT OFFICIALS, CIOS, AND OTHERS INTERESTED IN FEDERAL AND OTHER GOVERNMENTAL INFORMATION SYSTEM CONTROLS AUDITING AND REPORTING This letter transmits the revised Government Accountability Office (GAO) Federal Information System Controls Audit Manual (FISCAM). The FISCAM presents a methodology for performing information system (IS) control 1 audits of federal and other governmental entities in accordance with professional standards, and was originally issued in January 1999. We have updated the FISCAM for significant changes affecting IS audits. This revised FISCAM reflects consideration of public comments received from professional accounting and auditing organizations, independent public accounting firms, state and local audit organizations, and interested individuals on the FISCAM Exposure Draft issued on July 31, 2008 (GAO-08-1029G). GAO...
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...What is HR audit? A healthy HR function in an organization is as important as the physical and mental well being of a human body. Typically the basic reason why organizations prefer to conduct an HR audit is to get a clear judgment about the overall status of the organization and also to find out whether certain systems put in place are yielding any results. HR audit also helps companies to figure out any gaps or lapses and the reason for the same. Since every company plans certain systems and targets, an HR audit compares the plans to actual implementation. The concept of HR audit has emerged from the practice of yearly finance and accounting audit, which is mandatory for every company, to be done by external statutory auditors. This audit serves as an examination on a sample basis of practices and systems for identifying problems and ensuring that sound accounting principles are followed. Similarly, an HR audit serves as a means through which an organization can measure the health of its human resource function. Organizations undertake HR audits for many reasons: 1 To ensure effective utilization of human resources. 2 To review compliance with tons of laws and regulations. 3 To instill a sense of confidence in the human resource department that it is well-managed and prepared to meet potential challenges and opportunities. 4 To maintain or enhance the organization's reputation in a community. An audit is a systematic process, which examines the important aspects of the function...
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...Audit evidence is all the information used by the auditor. Auditor’s opinion is based the information contained in the accounting records underlying the financial statements and other information. Management is responsible for the preparation of the financial statements based on the accounting records of the entity. The auditor should obtain audit evidence by testing the accounting records. However, because accounting records alone do not provide sufficient appropriate audit evidence on which to base an audit opinion on the financial statements, the auditor should obtain other audit evidence. Other information that the auditor may use as audit evidence includes minutes of meetings; confirmations from third parties; industry analysts' reports; comparable data about competitors (benchmarking); controls manuals; information obtained by the auditor from such audit procedures as inquiry, observation, and inspection; and other information developed by or available to the auditor that permits the auditor to reach conclusions through valid reasoning. The performance principle requires auditors to gather sufficient appropriate evidence to be considered appropriate, evidence must be relevant and reliable (auditing & assurance services 4th). Relevance refers to the nature of information provided by the audit evidence. For example, when auditors confirm accounts receivable with customers, this providence evidence that the account is legitimate, but does not provide evidence that he account...
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...CHAPTER 3 Auditors’ Ethical and Legal Responsibilities SOLUTIONS FOR REVIEW CHECKPOINTS 3.1 This arises from the three party accountability discussed in chapter 1. The auditor is hired because users expect there may be such a conflict. If users completely trusted management there would be no need to have an auditor. This is the only way to detect fraudulent or misleading reporting. The logic is to reduce this potential to an acceptable level of risk. If the auditor assumed this risk was zero to start with the auditor would not need to provide evidence that the possibility is low, and that contradicts the reason users demand an audit. 3-2 No, the auditor cannot detect deception without being skeptical. A non-skeptical auditor on finding evidence of fraud may not treat it with the significance it deserves. The rule that suspicious transactions or evidence of management deceit should automatically be considered material, even when the absolute amounts involved may be very small or insignificant, is an example of skeptical logic in action. Since three party accountability implies some degree of mistrust of management by users, the auditor must incorporate skepticism in his or her reasoning process when management makes assertions about the financial statements it has prepared. 3-3 A professional accountant must be prepared to be agent, spectator, advisor, instructor, judge, critic. 3-4 Apparently, in ethical philosophy, the word "conscience" is used...
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...Select VOID option from the screen by press button 3 or touch it Press input the original Trace Number After view the original transaction information, press Enter to void After getting print Merchant copy press Enter for Customer copy Reprint the last/ any receipt: 1. 2. 3. a. Select REPRINT option from the screen by press 2 or touch it Select Reprint Last Receipt option and press Enter Select Reprint Any Receipt option and press Enter Type Trace no and press Enter Print Audit Report: 1. Select REPRINT option from the screen by press 2 or touch it 2. Select Print Audit Receipt option and press 4 or touch it Settlement: 1. 2. 3. 4. Select SETTLEMENT option from the screen by press button 4 or touch it Confirm to do the settlement Wait for settlement After settle success press Enter for settlement report Power OFF EXIT APP: Press POWER Button, press Enter to exit. POWER ON: Long press POWER BUTTON. POWER OFF: Press POWER Button, touch “Power Off” on the screen or press button 2 Caution: Above “POS OPERATING MANUAL” is depending on proper training....
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