...Xxxx xxxxxxxxxx March 10, 2015 Mr. Larry Lancaster, CEO Apollo Shoes, Inc. Shoetown, Maine Dear Mr. Lancaster My name is xxxxxxxx. I am the Audit Manager at Anderson, Old, and Watershed, CPAs, LLC. I have been with Anderson, Old, and Watershed, CPAs, LLC little over 10 years. I have provided and continue to provide various auditing and assurances services to our clients. I have extensive background in retail industry. I am writing this letter to confirm our upcoming arrangement with Apollo Shoes and briefly introduce you to our company. Anderson, Old, and Watershed, CPAs, LLC is a nationally renowned firm that offers complete set of services design to help businesses achieve and exceed their business goals. Our services include; * Auditing & Assurance Services * Accounting & Booking Services * Tax Services * Management Services Our firm is one of the leading providers of audit & assurance services in the nation. Within our audit services, we provide operational, compliance, and financial statement audits. As we have discussed previously, we believe that our audit services will be a great benefit to your company. Operational audits study the specific parts of the organization with the purpose of measuring its performance. The overall benefit of these types of audits can positively affect the profitability of the organization. Through our operational audits, at an early stage, an analysis can be performed in order to correct an issue...
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...needs to decide on a more specific field of accounting. An accountant has many choices as to what particular field of accounting to specialize in depending on the financial information she wants to analyze and how it is done. Financial accountants, tax accountants and internal auditors are all accountants in general, but require different training and work methods. A financial accountant records economic data and periodically prepares reports that show profit and other financial information of a company using the generally accepted accounting principles. The reports prepared by the accountant are useful for managers, and also for owners, creditors and the public. Based on information in the reports the public can use the reports to choose a company to invest in. Because a financial accountant is employed by an individual company, she is considered a private accountant. Another type of accountant is a tax accountant. A tax accountant prepares yearly tax returns for individual clients. The accountants have to use constant data such as rates of pay and other information to determine the proper amount of taxes to be paid. These accountants have to take a class once a year to catch up on yearly changes in tax laws and regulations. If a tax accountant has met state experience requirements, she may want to take exams to become a Certified Public Accountant (CPA). A third type of accountant is an internal auditor. Auditors are sponsored by the Institute of Internal Auditors and work...
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...Audit and Assurance Services Chapter 1 1 Learning Objectives 1. What is auditing? Distinguish between auditing and accounting. Importance of auditing in reducing information risk. 2. Distinguish audit services from other assurance and non-assurance services provided by CPAs. 3. Three main types of audits. 4. How to become a CPA? Identify the primary types of auditors. 2 What is auditing? Evaluating 3 Nature of Auditing Auditing is the accumulation and evaluation of evidence about information to determine and report on the degree of correspondence between the information and established criteria. Auditing should be done by a competent, independent person. 4 Audit Reporting -- (Expressing Opinions) The final stage in the auditing process is preparing the Audit Report, which is the communication of the auditor’s findings to users. 5 Information and Established Criteria To do an audit, there must be information in a verifiable form and some standards (criteria) by which the auditor can evaluate the information. 6 Accumulating Evidence and Evaluating Evidence Evidence is any information used by the auditor to determine whether the information being audited is stated in accordance with the established criteria. Transaction data Client inquiry Written and electronic Communications with outsiders Observations 7 Competent, Independent Person The auditor must be qualified...
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...the past six semesters’s learning and implement it into the real working life. For my practical training, I have chooses Skrastin Lim as a place to gain knowledge as much as I can. This company is a private limited by shares under the Companies Act, 1965 in Malaysia. This firm situated at No. 10-2 Jalan BK5A/3B, Bandar Kinrara 47100 Puchong, Selangor Darul Ehsan. The company is domicile in Malaysia. The principal activities of this company are all kinds of management and consultancy services, including auditing, taxation, accounting and company secretarial. Skrastin Lim was established by Mr. Lim Jit Swee and Ms. Leong Yee Him. Both of them are Chartered Accountants from United Kingdom, London. Mr. Lim Jit Swee is one of the members of Malaysia Institute of Accountants (MIA). His experienced in audit, management and taxation is more than 20 years. Although this company only have 10 staff including 3 trainees, they still got confidence in clients’ eye to carry on their audit, tax as well the company secretary. As for now, this company managed to have hundred of customers dealing with them that come with different business background because of the best services are given. ORGANISATION CHART Cheng Sheh Wah Audit Executive Noratifah Bt Mohd Rusdan Audit Executive Cheng Sheh Yeh Audit Executive 2.0 JOB...
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...of interest. Andersen earned more form other accounting services from Enron than from auditing services performed. This would certainly lead to the notion that Andersen could and probably did alter the financial reports of Enron to their own benefit. The top executives at Enron were also just as responsible as each of them were profiting from the buying and selling of the company’s stock making huge profits. Both the auditors and the top executives were well aware of the special purpose entities to protect the data that should have been entered on the consolidated financial statements of Enron. The auditors and the top executive should have noticed the problem with the special purpose entities and reported them. Both the auditor and the top executives were profiting from the special purpose entities not being reported on the consolidated financial statements. 2. List three types of consulting services that audit firms have provided to their audit clients in recent years. For each item, indicate the specific threats, if any, that the provision of the given service can pose for an audit firm’s independence. One service an auditing firm has offered to its clients is bookkeeping. This can certainly be a threat because the auditor will not look as closely at work he or she performed. The audit can potentially have bias. A second service an auditing firm may offer its clients is tax...
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...CHAPTER 1 The Role of the Public Accountant in the American Economy Review Questions 1–1 The “crisis of credibility” largely arose from the number of companies that restated their previously issued financial statements as a result of accounting irregularities and fraud. Especially responsible were the very visible Enron and WorldCom fraud cases. Both companies filed for bankruptcy and constituted the largest companies in American history to do so. The extent of the accounting irregularities and fraud being investigated and disclosed brought into question the effectiveness of financial statement audits. In addition, the criminal conviction of Arthur Andersen, LLP, one of the then Big 5 accounting firms, on charges of destroying documents related to the Enron case brought into question the ethical standards of the profession. 1–2 Assurance services are professional services that enhance the quality of information, or its context, for decision making. The two types are: (a) those that increase the reliability of information and (b) those that involve putting information in a form or context that facilitates decision making. 1–3 A financial statement audit is, by far, the most common type of attest engagement. The overall assertion, made by management, most frequently is that the financial statements follow generally accepted accounting principles. 1–4 A large corporation with securities listed on a stock exchange is required by the rules of the stock...
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...SMALL ENTITIES (REVISED) (Revised December 2010) Contents paragraph Introduction Alternative provisions Economic dependence Self review threat – non-audit services Exemptions Management threat - non-audit services Advocacy threat – non-audit services Partners joining an audited entity Disclosure requirements Effective date 1-4 5–6 7 - 11 12 – 14 15 - 19 20 – 23 24 – 26 27 Appendix: Illustrative disclosures ES - Provisions Available for Small Entities (Revised) PREFACE APB Ethical Standards apply in the audit of financial statements. They are read in the context of the Auditing Practices Board’s Statement “The Auditing Practices Board – Scope and Authority of Pronouncements (Revised)” which sets out the application and authority of APB Ethical Standards. The terms used in APB Ethical Standards are explained in the Glossary. 2 THE AUDITING PRACTICES BOARD ES - Provisions Available for Small Entities (Revised) INTRODUCTION 1 The APB issues Ethical Standards which set out the standards that auditors are required to comply with in order to discharge their responsibilities in respect of their integrity, objectivity and independence. The Ethical Standards 1 to 5 address such matters as: • How audit firms set policies and procedures to ensure that, in relation to each audit, the audit firm and all those who are in a position to influence the conduct and outcome of an audit act with integrity, objectivity and independence; • • • • Financial...
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...5. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants has the primary authority to establish accounting standards. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy 6. An annual peer review is a requirement of the AICPA. Answer: False Difficulty: Medium 7. Many small companies elect to have their financial statements reviewed by a CPA firm, rather than incur the cost of an audit. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy 8. Staff assistants in CPA firms generally are responsible for planning and coordinating audit engagements. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy Whittington, Principles of Auditing, Fifteenth Edition 1 Chapter 1 The Role of the Public Accountant 9. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that auditors of publicly traded companies in the United States perform an integrated audit that includes providing assurance on both the financial statements and on compliance with laws and regulations. Answer: False Difficulty: Medium 10. Auditing is frequently only a small part of the practice of local CPA firms. Answer: True Difficulty: Medium Multiple Choice Questions 11. A summary of findings rather than assurance is most likely to be included in a(n): A) Agreed-upon procedures report. B) Compilation report. C) Examination report. D) Review report. Answer: A Difficulty: Medium 12....
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...Auditing Exam 1 Review Ch 1 Nature of Auditing: * Auditing is the accumulation and evaluation of evidence about information to determine and report on the degree of correspondence b/w the information and established criteria. * Auditing should be done by a competent, independent person. Information and Established Criteria: * To do an audit, there must be information in a verifiable form and some standards (criteria) by which the auditor can evaluate the information. Accumulating Evidence and Evaluating Evidence: * Evidence is any information used by the auditor to determine whether the information being audited is stated in accordance with the established criteria. Competent, Independent Person: * The auditor must be qualified to understand the criteria used and must be competent to know the types and amount of evidence to accumulate to reach the proper conclusion after the evidence has been examined. * The competence of the individual performing the audit is of little value if he or she is biased in the accumulation and evaluation of evidence. Reporting: * The final stage in the auditing process is preparing the Audit Report, which is the communication of the auditor’s findings to users. Distinguish b/t auditing and accounting: * Accounting is the recording, classifying, and summarizing of economic events for the purpose of providing financial information used in decision making. * Auditing is determining whether recorded information...
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...Chapter 1 Multiple-Choice Questions |1. |Recording, classifying, and summarizing economic events in a logical manner for the purpose of providing financial | |easy |information for decision making is commonly called: | |c |a. finance. | | |b. auditing. | | |c. accounting. | | |d. economics. | | | | |2. |In the audit of historical financial statements, which of the following accounting bases is the most common? | |easy | | |c |a. Regulatory accounting principles. | | ...
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...Chapter 1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1. easy Recording, classifying, and summarizing economic events in a logical manner for the purpose of providing financial information for decision making is commonly called: c a. finance. b. auditing. c. accounting. d. economics. 2. easy In the audit of historical financial statements, which of the following accounting bases is the most common? c a. Regulatory accounting principles. b. Cash basis of accounting. c. Generally accepted accounting principles. d. Liquidation basis of accounting. 3. easy Any service that requires a CPA firm to issue a report about the reliability of an assertion that is made by another party is a(n): b a. accounting and bookkeeping service. b. attestation service. c. assurance service. d. tax service. 4. Three common types of attestation services are: easy a. audits, reviews, and “other” attestation services. a b. audits, verifications, and “other” attestation services. c. reviews, verifications, and “other” attestation services. d. audits, reviews, and verifications. 5. (SOX) easy The organization that is responsible for providing oversight for auditors of public companies is called the ________. d a. Auditing Standards Board. b. American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. c. Public Oversight Board. d. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. 6. (SOX) The Sarbanes-Oxley Act applies to which of the following companies? easy a. All companies...
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...Accounting provides information on the resources available to a firm, the means employed to finance those resources, and also the results achieved through their use. ACCOUNTING CAREERS Choosing the field of accounting as a career path is a smart decision. This field will always be in demand. This field can help you to grow continuously and help you move up inside your organization. A lot of different positions are available in the field of accounting. Accounting careers can range from entry level positions to executive level positions. Some of the popular careers in accounting are Accountant, Accounting Clerk, Accounting Manager, Bookkeeping, Budget Analyst, Certified Internal Auditor, Chief Financial Officer – CFO, CPA, Forensic Accounting, Tax Accountant. MAJOR FIELDS OF ACCOUNTING There are three major fields of accounting public accounting, management accounting, and government accounting. Public accounting. Public Accountants are usually employed...
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...Lakeside Auditing Case Study Case 1 Prepared by: January 27, 2011 1: An independent annual audit can provide credibility to information, and this could be very helpful for decision making. In this specific case, the owner of the Lakeside requires an independent CPA firm to perform an annual audit because the owner wants to show the public a “good-look” of its financial statements; since he would like to receive more capital by making his company public. In addition, good-looking financial statements of the company could provide good credit from the bank. To the lakeside company, the owner would like to provide audited financial statement to the bank to obtain the loan and receive the best possible interest rate. On the other hand, a decision by a bank loan officer about whether to make a loan to Lakeside Company and what rate of interest adequately compensates the bank for the level of risk assumed depends on an independent auditing report about lakeside’s financial reports. An auditing report about the company is reliable for the bank; it can significantly reduce the level of information risk. If the loan officer has assurance from the auditors that the company’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP, he or she will have more confidence in his or her assessment of business risk. By reducing information risk, the audit reduces the overall risk to the bank. 2: According to GAAS, the auditor must obtain a sufficient understanding of the entity and...
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...that the independent auditor obtain written representations from management as a part of an audit of financial statements performed in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and provides guidance concerning the representations to be obtained. Reliance on Management Representations .02 During an audit, management makes many representations to the auditor, both oral and written, in response to specific inquiries or through the financial statements. Such representations from management are part of the audit evidence the independent auditor obtains, but they are not a substitute for the application of those auditing procedures necessary to afford a reasonable basis for an opinion regarding the financial statements under audit. Written representations from management ordinarily confirm representations explicitly or implicitly given to the auditor, indicate and document the continuing appropriateness of such representations, and reduce the possibility of misunderstanding concerning the matters that are the subject of the representations. [Revised, March 2006, to reflect conforming changes necessary due to the issuance of Statement on Auditing Standards No. 105.]1 .03 The auditor obtains written representations from management to complement other auditing procedures. In many cases, the auditor applies auditing procedures specifically designed to obtain audit evidence concerning matters that also are the subject of written representations. For example, after the auditor...
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...CHAPTER 2 OVERVIEW OF AUDITING I. Review Questions 1. One definition of auditing is that it is a systematic process by which a competent, independent person objectively obtains and evaluates evidence regarding assertions about economic actions and events to ascertain the degree of correspondence between those assertions and established criteria and communicating the results to interested users. The Philippine Standards on Auditing (PSA) 120 “Framework of Philippine Standards on Auditing” states the objective of an audit as follows: “The objective of an audit of financial statements is to enable the auditor to express an opinion whether the financial statements are prepared in all material respects, in accordance with an identified financial reporting framework.” 2. This apparent paradox arises from the distinction between the function of auditing and the function of accounting. The accounting function is the process of recording, classifying and summarizing economic events to provide relevant information to decision makers. The rules of accounting are the criteria used by the auditor for evaluating the presentation of economic events for financial statements and he or she must therefore have an understanding of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), as well as generally accepted auditing standards (GAAS). The accountant need not, and frequently does not, understand what auditors do, unless he or she is involved in doing audits, or has been trained...
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