...possible treatments that are currently being studied. Tinnitus is the perception of sound within the human ear when no actual sound is present. Though often unrecognized, tinnitus affects millions of people worldwide. Tinnitus is one of the most common physical symptoms. It affects 10-15% of the population at some point in their lives (Holmes and Padgham, 2009). Derived from the Latin word, “tinnire,” which means to ring, tinnitus is commonly experienced as high-pitched noise with mechanical, electrical, or musical qualities. The underlying pathophysiology of tinnitus is unclear. It seems unlikely there is a single underlying cause, but tinnitus may accompany almost any auditory dysfunction. Damage to the middle ear, cochlea, audiovestibular nerve, and cerebral pathways between the cochlear nucleus and primary auditory cortex may explain its origins (Holmes and Padgham, 2009). Tinnitus is the most common injury arising from the conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq. About 75% of young adults who attend nightclubs and concerts experience temporary tinnitus from the loud music. Tinnitus also may arise during periods of stress, like finals week for college students. Tinnitus may be unilateral or bilateral. It...
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...and breakdown (Carson and Butcher, 1992). This disorder can result in a complete breakdown or alteration of reality. Schizophrenia is often termed psychotic in order to separate it from other disorders that are much milder in nature, such as Mood and Anxiety disorders. It is the goal of this paper to provide an overview of some of the issues and debates regarding this difficult and oft misunderstood disorder. What is Schizophrenia? Dementia Praecox, otherwise known as Schizophrenia, has been regarded as a uniquely distinct disease for well over a 100 years. This disease affects those areas that control how a person functions. It manipulates the individual’s thoughts, distorts their perceptions and causes hallucinations, particularly auditory. The person becomes delusional believing others can read their mind and thoughts of others are being placed in their head. According to the criteria for Schizophrenia described by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013), individuals affected by this disorder suffer from disorganized thought processes, diminished emotional expressions (reduction in how physical expression of our emotions), and Avolition; a decrease in self-motivation. It affects interpersonal relations causing the person to become withdrawn and detached or it may cause them to become needy, intrusive and dependent. It affects the...
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...or don't get organized into appropriate responses”. The prevalence of Sensory Processing Disorder has been studied in 2004, “One study shows that at least 1 in 20 children’s...
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...Patel suggesting that one of the valued things provided by music is emotional power. According to the ‘multiple mechanism’ theory, music can influence human emotion in many different ways except *a. visual imagery and association with past, present and future event b. expectancy and fulfilment or violation c. activation of the brainstem by arousing acoustic features d. acoustics cues that resemble the sound of emotional voices medium Source: Section 6.1 page 22, 2nd paragraph, line 6 More questions being arise due to lack explanation on how the music’s universality can affect the emotion. Therefore Patel discuss how the multiple mechanism theory states that music can enhance emotion in five different ways which are 1) expectancy and its fulfilment or violation, 2) activation of the brainstem by arousing acoustic features (e.g., sudden, sharp onsets); 3) association with past events; 4) visual imagery; or 5) acoustic cues that resemble the sounds of emotional voices. The two examples of biological power of music discuss by Patel in the reading are I recovery of brain functions after stroke II recovery of cerebral palsy in premature baby III recovery of verbal fluency in aphasia IV recovery of deaf due to exposure of high volume sound *a) I and III b) I and II c) II and III d) III and IV Easy-medium Source: Patel reading section 4 of the biological power of music: two examples Patel clearly discuss the two examples of music and the recovery of brain functions...
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...sources of reaction time. We shall identify also the early programs of research on RT. We will compare which of the sense is slow or fast in receiving information. OBJECTIVES: -This experiment aims to acquaint us in reading laboratory primers and organized data into summaries and graphs. -This experiment aims to identify which of the senses is more sensitive and very fast in receiving information and which of the senses that is very slow in receiving information. -It sought to know the reaction time of its senses as well as the average reaction time. Background and Related Literature: According to studies such as those done by Brebner and Welford published in 1980, mean auditory reaction times are .14-.16 seconds and mean visual reactions times are .18-.2 seconds. The time it takes for the signal to reach the brain was also found by these studies; it takes auditory stimulus .08-.1 seconds to reach the brain while visual stimulus take .2-.4 seconds to reach the brain. Based on this information as well as that from the experiment, a new hypothesis and prediction were being proposed such that if it does takes longer for light stimulus to reach the brain, then the reaction time to light will be slower than the reaction time to sound. Considering the theory of evolution, it must be assumed that the variation in reaction times has some sort of purpose. One possible idea is that the fight or flight instinct begins with the recognition of danger and in general something which...
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...San Jose Community College Malilipot, Albay PYSCHOLOGY I CASE STUDY (INFANCY) Lorielyn Faith Banas I-B student Introduction As newborns, we were not empty-headed organisms. We cried, kicked, coughed, sucked, saw, heard and tasted. We slept a lot and occasionally we smiled, although the meaning of our smiles was not entirely clear. We crawled and then we walked a journey of a thousand miles beginning with a single step…….Sometimes we conformed, sometimes others conformed us. Our development was a continuous creation of complex forms, and our helpless kind demanded the meeting eyes of love. We split the universe into two halves: “me and not me”. And we juggled the need to curb our own will with becoming what we could will freely. The first two years are very important in a child development. In this study you will find the key concepts and theories of cognitive, social and emotional development in infancy. I am going to explain what are the specific behaviors and the signs of behavioral problem during infancy. This study will tell you what are the most common emotions of infants and what can causes it. Also, it will introduce you to psychoanalytical theories of a child development by Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson and the differences between it. What is more, I will explain what attachment is and the importance of it, also, explain Bowlby’s attachment theory and how attachment develops during the first two years. I will explain why social workers...
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...Sensation and Perception Chapter: Sensation and Perception Sensation and Perception Sensation versus Perception Psychophysics and Thresholds Vision USING PSYCHOLOGY: Color Visual receptor: The Eye Operation of the Eye Eye Problem: Color Blindness Hearing Operation of the Ear Ear Problem: Deafness Chemical senses—Smell and Taste Chemical Senses Receptors: The Nose and Taste Buds Operation of the Chemical Senses Other senses: Skin Other Senses: Balance and Body Position Perception Figure-ground Perception The Wholeness of Figure Perception Perceptual Grouping Perception and Attention Stimulus Variation and Perception Perceptual Constancies Visual Perception of Distance Visual Perception of Motion Hearing Perception Illusions as "Errors" in Perception USING PSYCHOLOGY: Clothing Extrasensory perception (ESP) REVIEW QUESTIONS ACTIVITIES INTERESTED IN MORE? 183 Sensation and Perception WHAT'S THE ANSWER? Instructors in Driver Education advise their students to look twice in both directions before driving across an intersection. Why? "Watch it, Klausman! Watch where you're going!. . . Well, would you look at that. He ran into the goal post!" PSYCHOLOGY: Exploring Behavior Sensation and Perception 184 Moments later, "Klausman, how many times have I told you? You've got to look where you're going! What if that had been a defensive player from the opposing team? How do you feel?" "I feel OK, coach, but I've got a bad ringing in my ears." What causes the ringing in...
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...some extent this are being wasted. Children are not reaching their full intellectual potential consequently, predispose to school failure. In public elementary schools particularly the Kalibo Elementary School I, where malnutrition is prevalent among schoolchildren, it is observed that children has low attention-span, lack interest and decreased ability to focus on tasks, and restlessness. These likely to interfere with their learning ability and in this way resulted to their poor school performance. However, this has yet be proven, whether malnutrition impair the learning ability and school performance of schoolchildren. It is for this reason, necessary to study the effects of malnutrition on the learning ability and school performance of schoolchildren. Malnutrition and School Performance Unfortunately, very few studies have been made concerning the direct effect of early malnutrition on school performance. The findings in those that have been carried out indicate that both chronic under nutrition and severe clinical...
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...Eyewitness Memory in Accuracy on Recall of 2nd Year Students of Daughters of Mary Immaculate School (DMI) Beginning from the conception until our present condition, we possess a certain characteristics which can only be found in ourselves. It is a unique way to see that everyone can speak in different way and act in different manner. We perceive different things in accordance with what our sensation sense. We can see, hear, smell, taste, and feel a stimulus and tend to bring that information in the brain for our own interpretation. After reaching it to the brain, the person produces reactions whether it is acceptable or not on particular setting. If it is unanimously acceptable to all, it doesn’t mean that we all have the same way of thinking or in a state of group mind. Every individual can still showcase another different facial expression after they come up to a decision. This is why individual differences are obviously seen to all individual. One of the basic parts of the body that can be the medium for accepting information towards our environment are eyes. It plays a vital role in encoding all perceived stimuli to our brain. From the part of the retina which is rods and cones, the information is relay to the ganglion cells and transmitted to the optic nerve until it reached to the occipital lobe. This is one part of the brain that responsible for the process of visual information. Stimulus that reached to the brain can either be remembered or not. Memory has the ability...
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...Name: University: Course: Lecturer: Date: The effect of Music therapy on Human Brain Music therapy started in late 18th century but architects in the medicine industry had long interest and research in the entire field trying to find out all the issues and aspects in the field. It is under this case that statistics shows that actually healing activities dates to ancient times. This kind of principle is evident through the biblical aspects that have been put forward to explain the issues of concern. Some of historical aspects that have been used to explain these issues relating to music therapy were retrieved from ancient writings from civilizations such as Greece, Rome, China, India and Egypt. In present scenario, the power of music tends to be the same as it was used in those old days. However there is a modification of the same in the present times due to enrichment of various ways that have been used to facilitate realization of amicable goals accordingly (Aldridge 65). In United States the profession within the Music therapy started to be developed during the two world wars whereby music was extensively by veterans administration Hospitals as a tool to address and cushion traumatic war injuries that were being experienced. Many veterans in these days were wholly involved passively and actively involved in music activities which revolved in relieving perceptions that occurs in pain. Many doctors and their nurses during those days had the chance to experience all the...
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...umbilical cord. Babies are even startled by loud noises. The results suggest newborns will gravitate toward and pay more attention to what may be “their mothers melodic sounds than those of other women, and will pay more attention to other similar sounds like female voices in general, than they will to even less similar sounds, like male voices. The findings add to evidence suggesting that prenatal hearing can help infants perceive the sounds of speech. It was long know that newborns can discriminate or perceive most of the acoustic properties of speech. The theoretical view is that these capacities are mostly independent of previous auditory experience and that newborns have a bias or skill for perceiving speech. Scientist believe the newborns capacity to perceive speech is physiologically “built in’ during development of the auditory system. A study in Proceeding of the National Academy of Science reinforce what many people have believed babies hear what their moms say and their brains recognize these words after birth. What unborn babies hear can shape their brain. Infants in the womb can hear with little or...
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...Exaggeratory Claims of Infant Linguistic Developing Programs Raymond Mattison PSYCH 600 September 22nd, 2014 Debbra Jennings Exaggeratory Claims of Infant Linguistic Developing Programs For as long as human records show, there has been the stereotypical ‘Snake Oil Salesman’. These stereotypical parts of society thrive off of the ignorance of the masses in order to sell an item or theory that may seem as though is works but in reality doesn’t. Examples of these include an early 1900’s method of weight control in which people bought pills containing tape worms and were told to take one pill to start losing weight and then take an anti-parasitic pill that would hopefully kill the tapeworm (Winterman, 2013). The result was hundreds of people with tape worms and serious medical conditions. While some of these items can cause injury to the users, such as the tapeworm diet, most are harmless schemes to earn money for selling a fake product. One such modern product is a program that claims to be able to teach an infant to read at a very young age (within the first or second year of life) called ‘Your Baby Can Read’. This product claimed that using the program, which came in multiple methods including DVDs, VHS, books, etc., could teach an infant to read. Targeted Area of Development The targeted area of development in the child was their language and cognitive development. This involves multiple sub-areas of development. With an older child...
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...dB SPL (sound pressure level) in frequencies around 2 and 3 kHz and, for this reason; they are harmful for human hearing3. When the human ear is exposed to impact noise, at a sound intensity of 120 dB or higher, there is a risk for acoustic trauma. This noise intensity can cause important and abrupt injuries to the cochlea, such as base membrane rupture, tissue and hair cell disarray. Clinically, one of the consequences of impact noise is an immediate and permanent unilateral or bilateral hearing loss, with tinnitus. In some cases, the hearing loss may improve after a few days4. Such a reversible elevation of auditory threshold produced by noise exposure is known as Temporary Threshold Shift (TTS). However, permanent exposure to intense noise damages the outer hair cells, especially those on the cochlear basal turn, very likely because this is the area of the organ which is more constantly stimulated5. This produces an irreversible elevation of auditory threshold following noise exposure associated with permanent pathological changes in cochlea known as Permanent Threshold Shift (PTS). The extent and the grade of the hearing damage has a direct relation with the sound pressure intensity, duration in time, frequency and the greater or lower susceptibility of the individual, which can cause changes to the hearing threshold, or noise-induced-hearing-loss (NIHL) which, just like the acoustic trauma, is irreversible. NIHL is a sensorineural hearing loss, which initially involves the...
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...Communication 389 CSULA Summer 2014 ICC Artifact Two 7/27/14 ICC Artifact assignment: The Cochlear Implant Controversy According to our text in Chapter 7 Nonverbal code and cultural space there are certain aspects of the culture and its relationship to nonverbal activity. Personal–contextual and the static–dynamic dia- lectics. Although nonverbal communication can be highly dynamic, personal space, gestures, and facial expressions are fairly static patterns of specific non- verbal communication codes. Their interpretation will vary depending upon its context and culture that it is being communicated to. The chapter talks about how different the dynamics of intercultural nonverbal communication are across different cultural groups. In this ICC artifact assignment we will examine and look at the topic of The Cochlear implant controversy. The controversy involves the scientific hearing assistance breakthrough device for the deaf community, and whether or not its use and development will be the ultimate removal of and extinction of the deaf community as a culture. The following essay will examine the relevance and truth to this argument and examine the negative and positive manifestations to the Deaf culture from the development and use of the Cochlear Implant itself. The Chapter talks about several research findings about nonverbal communication. Research investigating the universality of nonverbal communication has focused on four areas: (1) the relationship...
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...SENSATION AND PERCEPTION REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE (FOREIGN) I. PSYCHOLOGY (Douglas A. Bernstein, Edward J. Roy, Thomas K. Skull, Christopher D. Wickens) BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PSYCHOLOGY CONSCIOUSNESS MOTIVATION EMOTION PERCEPTION SENSATION The diagram above illustrates some of the relationships between different aspects of psychology through sensation. What happens if people are denied on this contact, if they deprived of stimulation form the senses? However, recent research has made it more difficult to draw a clear line between sensation and perception. That research shows that the process of interpreting sensations begins in the sense organs themselves and continues into the brain. Even previous experience can shape what you sense, causing you not to notice. Sensory Systems The senses gather information about the world by detecting various forms of energy, such as sound, light, heat, and physical pressure. For example, the eyes detect light energy, the ears detect the of sound , and the skin detects the energy of heat and pressure. Humans depend primarily on vision, hearing, and the skin senses to gain information about the world: they depend less than other animals on smell and taste. There are also senses that provide information to the brain from the rest of the body. All of these senses must detect stimuli, encode them into neural activity, and transfer this coded information to the brain. Steps in Sensation At each step...
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