...My religion: Sikhism Sikhism is the religious faith of those who call themselves Sikhs, the followers of Guru Nanak, his nine successors and their teachings, embodied in the Guru Granth Sahib, the sacred scripture of the Sikhs. The Sikh population worldwide at the beginning of the twenty-first century was estimated at 20 million; of these, 17 million reside in India, with 14 million living in Punjab. Of the 2 million or so Sikhs who live outside India, the Sikh diaspora, the majority are in Great Britain, the United States, and Canada. Sikhism originated in the Punjab region of northwestern India during a time when many religious teachers, known as "Sants," were seeking to reconcile the two opposing dominant faiths, Hinduism and Islam. The Sants expressed their teachings in vernacular poetry based on inner experience. Although the teachings of Guru Nanak were broadly aligned with some of the Sants, his own mission is thought to have emerged out of his direct experience of the divine, initiated with the words na koi Hindu, na koi Mussalman ..("there is no Hindu, there is no Muslim") signaling a third way that was to become the Nanak Panth, or the path of Nanak. The first community of his disciples, those who chose to follow Nanak as their Guru (divine teacher), was composed primarily of former Hindus, who came to call themselves his "Sikhs" (followers). The Sikh tradition was founded by Guru Nanak in the late 15th century C.E. Nanak was first of the ten Sikh Gurus. He was born...
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...Memorial "The incident in Jallian Wala Bagh was 'an extraordinary event, a monstrous event, an event which stands in singular and sinister isolation"...Winston Churchill It started a few months after the end of the first world war when an Englishwoman, a missionary, reported that she had been molested on a street in the Punjab city of Amritsar. The Raj's local commander, Brigadier General Reginald Dyer, issued an order requiring all Indians using that street to crawl its length on their hands and knees. He also authorized the indiscriminate, public whipping of natives who came within lathi length of British policemen. On April 13, 1919, a multitude of Punjabis gathered in Amritsar's Jallian wala Bagh as part of the Sikh Festival "Baisakhi fair" and to protest at these extraordinary measures. The throng, penned in a narrow space smaller than Trafalgar Square, had been peacefully listening to the testimony of victims when Dyer appeared at the head of a contingent of British troops. Giving no word of warning, he ordered 50 soldiers to fire into the gathering, and for 10 to 15 minutes 1,650 rounds of ammunition were unloaded into the screaming, terrified crowd, some of whom were trampled by those desperately trying to escape. Amritsar Massacre "The Indians were 'packed together so that one bullet would drive through three or four bodies'; the people 'ran madly this way and the other. When fire was directed upon the centre, they ran to the sides. The fire was then directed...
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...Eid- ul-Fitr Eid-ul-Fitr is the biggest Muslim festival observed in our country along with rest of the Muslim world. The festival takes place on the day following the Ramadan or the month of fasting. The day is celebrated in our country with great devotion. Big congregations are held early in the morning in cities, towns and villages on this day. Everyone dresses well as they buy new dresses to wear on this day; and every family prepares delicious dishes. Relatives and neighbors visit and hug each other to share the joy of this festival. Folk culture has greatly influenced this festival. Eid-ul-Azha Eid-ul-Azha, the second biggest festival of the Muslims, is observed in our country along with rest of the Muslim world. It is held marking the Hajj in Mecca on the 10th Zilhaj, the lunar month of the Islamic Calendar. Eid congregations are held throughout the country. The main feature of Eid-ul-Azha is the sacrifice of animals, especially cows and oxen. Animals are sacrificed in reminiscence of Prophet Ibrahim's (AM) preparedness for the supreme sacrifice of his beloved son to Allah. It is a public holiday. Eid-e-Miladunnabi - the birth day of Prophet Muhammad (sm) Eid-e-Miladunnabi is the birth and death day of Prophet Muhammad (sm). He was born and died the same day on 12th Rabiul Awal – a lunar month on the Islamic Calendar. The day is a national holiday. National flag is flown atop public and private houses. At night important public buildings are illuminated. Milad...
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... It will be available in six different variants – Awaara Aam Panna, Nimboora Shikanji, Go Goa Guava, Jhakaas Jaljeera, Golmaal Golgappa and Kabhi Kala Kabhi Khatta. * Distribution: Equipped with a comprehensive distribution capability of more than three million retail outlets and more than 5,000 distributors, the company has a deep penetration in both urban and rural India. * Promotional Offerings: * Dabur launched Réal special occasion gift packs in fruit/vegetable juice. Dabur had initially offered these gift packs during the festivals of Rakhi and Diwali. Based on consumer response and their desire for similar packs for other occasions and festivals, Dabur has plans to extend this range to cover other festivals, such as Baisakhi as well as other regional festivals. * The company also joined forces with Disney for its hit film franchise Cars to reach out to children with its 200ml packs. Under this tie-up, especially-designed 200ml packs of Réal were introduced with popular Cars characters featuring on the front of the pack. * Dabur strengthened its juice portfolio over the course of 2011 and 2012, launching Réal Activ Fiber+ at national level. The company claims that the product contains soluble dietary fibre that helps consumers manage their weight, keep the digestive system healthy and maintain heart health. The brand was endorsed by actress Bipasha Basu with the tagline “Get back into your purani jeans” (“Get back into your old jeans”). * In 2013...
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...Introduction: Bangladesh is a country of communal harmony. People from any religion feel free to celebrate their religious festivals with a befitting manner and due honor and fervency. | There are as many festivals in Bangladesh as there are days in the year. Fairs and festivals play an important role in the social life of ordinary Bangladeshis. The biggest Muslim religious festivals are the Eid-Ul-Fitr (end of the fasting month of Ramadhan). Eid-ul-Azha, Muharram and Miladunnabi (birth day of the Prophet), Widely celebrated festivals for other religious communities are the Durga Puja for the Hindus, Christmas for Christians etc. Religious Festivals of Bangladesh: There are different religious festivals observe in Bangladesh. They are: Eid ul-Fitr As the most important religious festival for the majority of Muslims, the celebration of Eid ul-Fitr has become a part of the culture of Bangladesh. The festival takes place on the day following the Ramadan or the month of fasting. The government of Bangladesh declares the holiday for three days on Eid-ul Fitr. All outgoing public transport from the major cities have become highly crowded and in many cases the fares tend to rise in spite of government restrictions. On Eid day, the Eid prayer are held all over the country, in open areas like fields or inside mosques. After the Eid prayers, people return home, visit each other's home and eat sweet dishes called shirni. Throughout the day gentlemen embrace each other....
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...| Marijuana should be legalized | | Chioke s. Woodley | | 03/512 | Marijuana a preparation made from the dried flower clusters and leaves of the cannabis plant, usually smoked or eaten to induce euphoria. A strong-smelling plant from whose dried leaves a number of euphoria and hallucinogenic drugs are prepared. The most commonly used illicit drug; considered a soft drug, it consists of the dried leaves of the hemp plant; smoked or chewed for euphoric effect. Unfortunately, however, the financial costs of marijuana legalization would never outweigh its benefits. People may not realize it, but the United States spends billions of tax payers dollars fighting the so called “drug war” when there are so many more important issues at hand. I mean, let the people who want to smoke marijuana smoke marijuana peacefully, how is it bothering you? If the fact that you are not earning any tax dollars off illegal sales is bothersome, then just legalize it and tax it. Since 0.5 grams of marijuana is sold on the streets for about $8.60 and its production price is only $1.70 – that means that the legal selling price could be much lower than the street selling price, giving people incentive to purchase legally. A research company estimates that the industry is worth roughly $10 billion a year. Increase in marijuana prevalence resulting from legalization would probably increase the already high costs of marijuana use in society. Accidents would increase, health-care costs would...
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...The Garasia tribal community has gained a place of prominence in Indian culture due to their lifestyle and culture. This Garasia tribal community has got concentration in several areas of the state of Rajasthan. The Garasia tribal community is considered to be the third largest tribal group of the state of Rajasthan. The people of this tribal community are basically concentrated in different parts of this state namely Kotra, Abu Road tehsil of Sirohi, Bali and Desuri tehsils of Pali districts, Gogunda and Kherwara tehsils of Udaipur. As per the history, the Garasias tribes are a division of the Rajput community. The colonization made the scarcity of lands during the time of the British administration, and the tribal people were marginalized and started living with the people dwelling in the forest. The further division was created by the nationalist movement in between the groups. Among the Garasias, the Bhil-Garasias are the part of tribes who married the Bhil women to maintain peace and harmony. This tribal community is divided in three sections namely the nanki niyat, moti niyat and nichli niyat and these sections have further clan divisions namely Solanki, Mali, Parmar, Raidara etc. The territory of the Garasia people is called patta and the smallest unit of the villages is termed as hamlet or phalia. The word `Garasias` is derived from the Sanskrit word `gras` that signifies the substance. The history says that after defeated by Ala-ud-Din Khilji, the Rajputs took flight...
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...NAME: ANIKET BHANSALI S00704688 INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT MY CULTURAL PROFILE My cultural background and the groups that I am a part of can be divided into four categories: Educational, Social and Religious, National and Organizational. I come from a place where there are the highest number of languages and cultures reside, India which is meant for its religious and cultural beliefs and where there are people of different religions worshipping and following different gods and goddesses. It’s a birthplace of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism, collectively known as Indian religions. I follow Jainism. Jainism is a religion that started back in India around the fifth century B.C.E. Jainism never approves of any wars or the killing of animals for any reason. Jainism tries to raise human awareness and creates a high standard of ethics for its followers. I come from a city called Mumbai, which is located in Maharashtra, a state in India. It is the biggest city of India and is very populated. There are a lot of people in Mumbai from other states of India because it is also the biggest commercial city in India. To communicate we require a certain language so that we can easily talk with people. There are many languages spoken in India as it’s a very big diverse country. About myself if I say I speak I am fluent in English, Hindi our national language, Gujarati and my own native language is Marwari, which is a regional language of a state called...
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...Indian culture The culture of India is among the world's oldest, reaching back about 5,000 years. Many sources describe it as "Sa Prathama Sanskrati Vishvavara" — the first and the supreme culture in the world. India is a very diverse country, and different regions have their own distinct cultures. Language, religion, food and the arts are just some of the various aspects of Indian culture. Here is a brief overview of the culture of India. Language India has 28 states and seven territories, and each has at least one official language. While the national languages are Hindi and English, there are about 22 official languages and nearly 400 living languages spoken in various parts of the country. Most of the languages of India belong to two families, Aryan and Dravidian. Religion India is identified as the birthplace of Hinduism and Buddhism. A huge majority — 84 percent — of the population identifies as Hindu. There are many variations of Hinduism, and four predominant sects — Shaiva, Vaishnava, Shakteya and Smarta. About 13 percent of Indians are Muslim, making it one of the largest Islamic nations in the world. Christians and Sikhs make up a small percentage of the population, and there are even fewer Buddhists and Jains. Food Indian cuisine boasts Arab, Turkish and European influences. It is known for its large assortment of dishes and its liberal use of herbs and spices. Cooking styles vary from region to region. Wheat, Basmati rice and pulses with chana...
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...TERM PAPER SUB CULTURE OF THE PUNJAB NAME: UMAIR CHEEMA COURSE: SS0127 - Sociology SUBMITTED TO: ASIF H. QURESHI DATE: 4/18/15 SERIAL NO: 17 ROLL NO: L13-4154 NARROWED TOPIC: “Festivals, tombs ceremonies, local customs” TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Executive Summary II. Introduction III. Objectives IV. Scientific Investigation I. Literature Review II. Hypothesis III. Methodology IV. Collecting the Data V. Analyzing Data: VI. Conclusion: VII. Recommendations V. REFERENCES Executive summary: The society of Pakistan has many different cultures. The east of country is mainly Punjabi, the south is mainly Sindhi in the east are the tribal cultures. In many areas the tribes and cultures are mixed, most Pakistanis are Punjabi and most of the nation are Sunni Muslim. Culture comprises of the virtues and codes that retain in any particular nation, which becomes the traditional value of that nation. May be it is a food or a dress code, Pakistani culture is of its supreme quality. Punjab is the heart of cultural values. Many traditions are the part of Pakistani culture, for instance, the annual ceremonies on the tombs, the spring festival which is celebrated on a wide scale when all the cities are decorated with flowers, kite flying is another charm of these spring festivals, Wagah border ceremony that happens at the International border gate before 5PM each day, the Festival of Lamps, Mela Chiraghan, is also give...
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...Essay Topic Why is the study of Different Theories of Motivation important to managers? The World has changed at a very fast pace and will continue to do so. The view point that many prominent researchers had on motivation has also evolved with changing times. There has been a phenomenal change in the way organizations and individuals function in the twenty first century if we made a comparison with how organizations functioned back in the day. There is a significantly greater focus today on employee satisfaction, work life balance, cross cultural values, virtual teams and formal performance management processes to name a few. Globalization is one the key factors which has brought a prominent change in many organizational practices in the twenty first century. Hershey and Blanchard (1977) mentioned that “motives can be defined as needs, wants, drives or impulses within the individual which are directed towards goals which may be conscious or sub conscious”. Motivation has been defined by Robbins, Decenzo and Coulter (2011) as “motivation is the process by which a person’s efforts are energized, directed, and sustained towards attaining a goal “ In this paper we will define motivation as the force which helps an individual focus on his immediate and long term goals and helps him run the extra mile. Also in this essay we will be focusing on the impact of culture on organizational behavior and the reasons why managers need to be aware of various motivational theories so that they...
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...Introduction After the bloodshed among devotees of different faiths resided in South Asia, India, though partitioned, at last gained independence in 1947. Even if it was stated that this ‘’new-born’’ country will be a secular state, the majority of population was regarded as Hindus and fear of possible subordination of other communities was displayed. The majority of Muslims who supported All-India Muslim League led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah moved to Pakistan where the whole governmental system was built to maintain and develop Muslim society. It seemed that both Hindu and Muslim majorities were more-or-less content about post-colonial juncture but not the rest of population that did not fit to both categories. The notions of partition of India into two huge units -India with a huge majority of Hindus and Islamic country Pakistan, brought anxiety and stimulated nationalist ideas into other layers of Indian society. It was obvious that this huge new built, culturally and religiously diverse country, India, will have to tackle problems emerging from different national and communal movements to maintain unity. One of those who were absolutely discontent and worried about the juncture was a community of Sikhs. They were anxious about their status, opportunities and security in both countries but had to choose which country to join. It was Shiromani Akali Dal party founded in 1920, which decided to stay with India, made all the main decisions concerning Sikh community and represented...
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...“Culture” The culture of India refers to the way of life of the people of India. India's languages, religions, dance, music, architecture, food, and customs differ from place to place within the country. The Indian culture, often labelled as an amalgamation of several cultures, spans across the Indian subcontinent and has been influenced by a history that is several millennia old.[1][2] Many elements of India's diverse cultures, such as Indian religions, yoga, and Indian cuisine, have had a profound impact across the world ‘Religions” Main article: Religion in India India is the birthplace of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism, collectively known as Indian religions Indian religions, also known as Dharmic religions are a major form of world religions along with Abrahamic one. Today, Hinduism and Buddhism are the world's third and fourth-largest religions respectively, with over 2 billion followers altogether, and possibly as many as 2.5 or 2.6 billion followers India is one of the most religiously diverse nations in the world, with some of the most deeply religious societies and cultures. Religion still plays a central and definitive role in the life of many of its people. According to a 2001 census of India, the religion of...
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...Culture: Culture is the characteristics of a particular group of people, defined by everything from language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts. Culture of Pakistan: The society of Pakistan (Urdu: ثقافت پاکستان) has many different cultures. The east of country is mainly Punjabi, the south is mainly Sindhi in the east are the tribal cultures. In many areas the tribes and cultures are mixed, most Pakistanis are Punjabi and most of the nation are Sunni Muslim. pakistani culture consist of different culture includes:- Punjabi Culture: Punjab (the land of five rivers) is the biggest land area of Pakistan and is popularly known for its culture. It shares most of its cultural and carnival values with Indian culture. According to population, 56% of the total population of the country is situated in Punjab Province. It has a total of 36 districts and contributes approximately 50-60 % of the economy. Punjabi Culture is one of the oldest in world history, dating from ancient antiquity to the modern era. The scope, history, complexity and density of the culture are vast. Some of the main areas of the Punjabi culture include: Punjabi cuisine, philosophy, poetry, artistry, music, architecture, traditions and values and history. Some cities of Punjab have more importance for Sikh community from India. The founder of Sikh religion was born in Nankana Sahib, a district of Punjab so Sikh from different parts of world come and visits Punjab. Jahngir tomb and Badshahi Masjid...
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...A Study on Factor Affecting of English Achievement Among The Under Graduate College Student A DISSERTATION PAPER SUBMITTED TO THE DEPT. OF HOME SCIENCE(CALCUTTA UNIVERSITY) IN PERTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTERS IN HOME SCIENCE BY Baisakhi Ghosh Roll No. 104/HMD/121020 Registration No. 024-1221-0030-09 Under the Guidance of Dr. Susmita Neogi Assistant Professor Department of Home Science Calcutta University 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I express my sincere gratitude to my respected guide Dr. Susmita Neogi,(Assistant Professor) Department of Home Science, University of Calcutta without whose guidance and concerned encouragement I could never complete my dissertation. I am thankful to the Head of the Department of Home Science, University of Calcutta Dr. Paromita Ghosh, for her inspiration and moral support. I am also thankful to all my samples without whose active participation my dissertation cannot be completed. Date:……………………. ……………………. Baisakhi Ghosh CONTENT S.L No. Title Page No. ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to find out the factors influencing second language learning among the undergraduate college students. A comparison was made between students who have studied in Bengali medium and those who have...
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