...| | | | | Ice Melting Experiment and Analysis | INT1 Natural Science Task 3 | Ice Melting Experiment and Analysis ------------------------------------------------- Objective The objective of this experiment is to test the melting point of ice against different variables. I will use a control of ice against air and test this next to ice in water, sugar on ice, salt on ice and Baking Soda on ice. By measuring the melting time of each element on an ice cube I will be able to tell which element affects ice’s melting properties at what rate. Everyday we use chemical mixtures to melt ice that affects our roadways. A lot of these chemical mixtures are harmful to our waterways, and can pollute the environment. I believe its important to look for alternatives that can both help our roads from freezing in the winter while being kind to the environment. Industry Literature Review There are many different chemicals used in commercial ice melters that are made for our roads. Commercial companies tend to test for what elements melt ice the fastest, thus, producing a “best working” product. It is the pressure from consumers that encourages companies to test for possible harmful effects on the environment by these products, and what is most environmentally friendly. Ossain Inc. serves customers word wide with products designed around different needs for the type of ice melter needed. Their opinion on the ice melting industry is that the majority of ice melting...
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...It is the intention of this experiment to test the effect of a dark soda as a cleaner on common household cleaning situations. These are the sodas that contain a caramel coloring as opposed to those commonly consumed sodas that are clear. This experiment will utilize the Coca Cola brand soda as the potential cleaner. I, the researcher, will try to prove that this commonly consumed drink is also effectively used as cleaning agent in common household tasks. The four experiments involved will be The intended outcome of this experiment is to test a commonly known theory that sodas that have a darker appearance have the ability to break through the common household cleaning issues. This experiment will utilize the popular brand Coca Cola. The experiments will attempt to prove the cleaning ability of the agent by the researcher. This experiment will include the following experiments: • Cleaning food stains on cooking equipment • Cleaning stains on kitchen counters • Cleaning grime in a kitchen sink; and • Cleaning corrosion on the battery connections of an automobile This experiment will compare the variances in cleaning opportunities and compare the effects with that of a commonly known soap coupled with water. This experiment shows that there are commonly used ingredients that could also be used as cleaning ingredients. The experiments will be completed in step-by-step processes where the two cleaning methods will be tested side-by-side so they can prove their outcomes...
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...Baking Soda & Baking Powder Baking Soda What Is Baking Soda? This household item has been around for thousands of years, it is very good for uses in and around the home, and has quite a number of different uses. It is well known and widely used, and can also be known by the names bread soda, cooking soda, and bicarbonate soda. The Chemical Name for Baking Soda Is Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate and the Chemical Formula Is NaHCO3 What Is It Used For It is commonly used as an antacid in cooking as it reacts with acidic ingredients such as buttermilk and yogurt. It can also neutralize both acids and bases and id often used to mop small chemical spills involving acidic or basic substances The Reaction with Vinegar Baking Soda reacts vigorously with vinegar to produce Carbon Dioxide (CO2). The chemical equation for this reaction is Sodium bicarbonate and vinegar => Sodium acetate and water and carbon dioxide NaHCO3 + CH3COOH => CH3COO-Na+ + H2O + CO2 Baking Powder Baking powder is a dry chemical leavening agent, a mixture of a weak alkali and a weak acid, and is used for increasing the volume and lightening the texture of baked goods. Baking powder works by releasing carbon dioxide gas into a batter or dough through an acid-base reaction, causing bubbles in the wet mixture to expand and thus leavening the mixture. It is used instead of yeast for end-products where fermentation flavours would be undesirable or where the batter lacks the elastic structure to hold...
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...What happens when you mix 3 different solutes with Ethanol, Lamp Oil and Water? Hypothesis: When I mix 3 different solutes; sodium chloride, baking soda and copper sulfate with 3 different solvents; ethanol and water and lamp oil, then the 3 solutes should mix with the ethanol and water but no the lamp oil because lamp oil is non polar and ethanol and water are polar so it will break apart the bonds in the solutes. Materials: Ethanol, water, lamp oil Sodium chloride, baking soda, copper sulfate 3 beakers Masking tape A Sharpe A 2 pan balance 6 test tubes with stoppers 1 test tube rack 1 mini scoop Paper Towels Stop Watch Procedure: 1. Put on an apron and safety goggles 2. Gather all the materials 3. Clean all the beakers, test tubes, and mini scoops 4. Put a layer of paper towels on the table before you start the experiment 5. Using masking tape label each beaker; one ethanol, another water, and the third lamp oil 6. Measure 30 mL of one solvent into the correctly labeled beaker, then repeat for the other solvents 7. Measure 10 mL of each solvent into 3 different test tubes and label each test tube accordingly with masking tape 8. Measure 5 mini scoops of sodium chloride into each test tube 9. Put the stoppers on each test tube and shake till the sodium chloride dissolves 10. Record observations; what happened when the solvent was mixed with the solute, color, odor (use waft test; carefully) and clarity of the...
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...classes in Sherwood, Oregon were experimenting with baking soda and vinegar. In Mrs.Barrett’s fourth period class, Bailey Matthews, Allison Fiarito , and Kayla Wagner had been working on this lab together. The first day or two of that lab they had added small amounts of baking soda and vinegar and had been trying to figure out why it had bubbled/reacted. Once the lab was complete Mrs.Barrett told the class that they were going to do another lab with baking soda and vinegar. Some of the students had asked what we were going to do. Mrs.Barrett said we would find out tomorrow, and with that the bell had rung and class was over. The next day had come, with fourth period science just around the corner. Once the bell had rung for fourth period Mrs.Barrett started the lesson. She told the class that they were going to be creating mini volcanoes. After that announcement Mrs.Barrett told the class that she was going to show them a presentation on the experiment. Once she had given that they could get started. The presentation had covered the directions for the lab and the materials that were needed. They needed to grab a red tub that had contained the flask for the volcanoes. They also needed to get a cup of baking soda and a beaker full of vinegar. In...
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...energy than it needs to in order to complete its reaction. The exothermic reaction in this project is between baking soda and vinegar. Baking soda is a bicarbonate and vinegar is a acetic acid. Baking soda is made up of 1 sodium, 1 hydrogen, 1carbon, and 3 oxygen atoms. Vinegar is composed of 2 carbon, 4 hydrogen, and 2 oxygen atoms. Baking soda is an alkaline object that is alike to some salt and it reacts to acidic substances. When baking soda reacts it gives off some type of gas, carbon dioxide. Baking soda is usually seen in cooking, cleaning substances around the house, and in may science projects due to its ability to react with acids. Baking soda is usually used to...
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...weighing paper • 50 mL flask • 50ml graduated cylinder • ~5 g baking soda • ~15 mL vinegar Introduction: The word equation for the following reaction is as follows: vinegar + baking soda → sodium acetate + water + carbon dioxide The chemical equation for the reaction is: CH3COOH + NaHCO3 → NaC2H3O2 + H2O + CO2 Reactants Products Procedure: 1. Record the mass of the empty flask and the balloon. 2. Pour about 15 mL of vinegar into the flask. Weight the flask & vinegar, subtract the flask weight to find the weight of your vinegar. 3. Put about 5g of baking soda into the balloon, make sure you weight the empty balloon first so you know exactly how much baking soda was put in. Record the exact mass of baking soda that is in the balloon. 4. While one student holds the flask, another must slip the open end of the balloon over the mouth of the flask, while keeping the baking soda from entering the flask. 5. Weight the whole system and record the mass. 6. Tip the balloon upright, allowing the baking soda to drop into the flask and allow the reaction to fully complete. Measure and record the mass of the products/container/balloon 7. Swirl your reaction a little bit to make sure all of the baking soda reacted 8. After the reaction is completed, weight the mass of the balloon, flask, baking soda and vinegar (Do not let any gas escape from the system that you...
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...inflate a normal air bag” (Scientific America). Theoretically, in the right amount, this will inflate the airbag to the right amount to save the person's life. However, this is just theoretically. In some instances, the airbag may inflate too much or too little, and fail to save a life. Although the scientists that design the airbags use ut-most caution, not every experiment will turn out the same and inflate the airbag perfectly. In an experiment conducted here at "Charley's Newspapers" we stimulated the reaction between baking soda and vinegar by blowing up a plastic bag that was designed to save an egg. This was to get a feel on how accurate an airbag may be. Using very precise stoichiometry, our scientists here had found that .8 grams of baking soda and 11 mL of vinegar should theoretically blow the plastic bag up enough to save the egg's life. However, when the experiment was conducted, those measurements of both the baking soda and vinegar surprisingly barely inflated the bag. Our next few trials indicated that more of both chemicals were needed to perfectly inflate the bag to save the egg's life. These experiments conducted by our team here at "Charley's Newspapers" represent the process...
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...different substances and added water. They took the temp, timed the reactions, and argued about their ideas until they came up with their claim. The claim they came up with is C6H8O7 (Citric Acid) and NaHCO3 (Baking Soda). According to the physical features, the group of 8th graders believe that Citric Acid and Baking Soda is in the mystery mixture because, Citric Acid has small, roundish chunks. When mixed with the powdery Baking Soda, the chunks become less clear, and more snow coloured. When mixed with Baking Soda, and 10 drops of water, the Citric Acid bubbled and fizzed just like 7up. The temp that they got for it was 16.4o C. They tried the different combinations several different times to see if the reactions changed any, it didn’t. The physical and chemical properties were just like the mystery mixture, which was, small roundish chunks mixed with a snowy powder. When 10...
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...Our procedure was first, gather baking soda, vinegar, plastic bags, and the electric scale. Then, weigh a bag of 40 millimeters of vinegar as well as, weigh a teaspoon of baking soda in a bag. We would then add the masses of vinegar and baking soda together and record their masses. The next step after we added both of the substances together was to, watch what would happen to both of them after the were combined. Our observations were, the first thing that happened was it would fizz up an bubble and make the substance go higher in the bag, while before it was at the bottom of the bag and non-reactant. when we first mixed the ingredients together, we noticed the colour would change from it’s crystal clear appearance to a bright white, like the colour of printer paper. Once we got our hands on the bag we noticed a massive drop in the temperature, it first started as room temperature, then after the mixtures we mixed it began to turn icy cold. When the bag was open there was an odor that you can smell from a few inches away. These were all signs that a chemical change had occurred during our experiment. When the masses were combined before the experiment it was 2.2 oz, and after the experiment it changed to 3.1 oz. After the reaction, we weighed the substance to see if the mass had changed at all, and noticed an...
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...INDICATORS, pH Procedure Number 3 Estimated pH with pH paper Vinegar (Ph 2) Soap + H2O (Ph 6) Tap water (Ph 8) Baking soda + H2O (Ph 9) Ammonia (Ph 13) 4 What color is your “red cabbage solution” when diluted with tap water? (The water turns ruby red) Do you think we will all have exactly the same color? Explain your answer. (No) 5 Solution color Estimated pH with cabbage indicator with cabbage indicator Vinegar (Light pink) (Ph 4) Soap + H2O (Clear Pink) (Ph 4) Tap water (Light blue) (Ph 10) Baking soda+H2O (Light light blue) (Ph 10) Ammonia (Clear) (Ph 10) 6 Describe what happened to the color of the solution when you mixed the vinegar and ammonia solutions. What do you estimate the pH of the solution to be with pH paper? (The pink color from the vinegar changes to light blue when the ammonia was added.) What do you estimate the pH of the solution to be with the cabbage indicator? (Ph 10) 7 What happened when you added the baking soda solution to the mixture of vinegar/ammonia? Describe your observations. (When I added the baking soda solution nothing happen at all.) What do you estimate the pH of the solution to be now using pH paper? (Ph 10) ...
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...Name/Number: NSCI101 Section E801 Semester 1006 Lab Activity Title Input the title of the activity. Statement of the Problem What are the ph levels for items we come into contact with on a daily basis? Hypothesis I expect the 7 sample items to have a wide variety of ph Levels. However, I expect that items we consume as humans will be closer to the neutral range of the ph scale while items we use to clean around the house will be inversely proportional to the items we consume. I believe the household items will be on the extremes, either extremely basic or extremely acidic. Methods Items for experiment were purchased from the Commissary and the Nhetto. They include: 1 x .608 kg head of red Cabbage 2 x Melitta white coffee filters 1 x 12 oz coke 1x Tums antacid 1x Tilex Mold and Mildew Remover 1x 22oz bottle of Clorax bleach 1x bx of Arm and Hammer Baking Soda 1x toilet bowl cleaner 1x hohes C orange juice 750ml of tap water The following steps from the guide was followed (with changes from the instructor): 1. Using a standard cheese grater, I took the entire head of red cabbage and shredded it into small pieces. After shredding was complete the pile of cabbage was placed into a stainless steel cook pot. 2. In order to attempt to get the most accurate results I used my fish tank ph test to identify the ph level of my tap water. The result was my tap water is about a 7.8 (slightly higher than the 7.0 that is considered neutral). 3. I then measured out...
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...Objective: The goal of these experiments is to create glue by combinging curdled milk and baking soda. Research Question: Why do curds form in milk? What is a protein? How does it differ from a sugar or a fat? What is casein? How can you extract it from milk? How is it used? Milk can be transformed into curds and whey by adding (1) rennet or (2) a mild acid such as acetic acid. Since vinegar is acetic acid, it is used in this experiment instead of more expensive reagent grade materials. After curds form and are separated from the whey, the acid is neutralized with the sodium bicarbonate. The clumps of curds are comprised of casein, a protein found in milk. Casein proteins make up 3% of whole milk. Glues made from casein include products such as Elmer’s and other woodworking glues. The relationship between the Borden Company, it’s mascot Elsie-the-Cow and glue becomes more apparent when you consider that Borden purchased the Casein Company in 1929, and introduced its first glue, called Casco glue in 1932. Casein can also be poured into molded into forms to making a variety of plastic items such as combs, bead, button and umbrella handles. Materials: Non-fat milk or skim milk Glass or enamel saucepan Tablespoon Access to a stove White vinegar Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) Babyfood jar or similar contain for the glue Experimental Procedure: Put a pint of milk into a saucepan. Add six tablespoons of white vinegar and stir. Heat the saucepan on a stove using...
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...Investigation Plan PROBLEM Does sugar, salt, and baking soda affect the boiling point of water? HYPOTHESIS My hypothesis is that those materials will not affect the boiling point. PROCEDURE To begin my experiment, I will buy a measuring cup, baking soda, and thermometer at a grocery store. The measuring cup will measure to a cup, and the thermometer will be a glass thermometer so it will not break when water gets hot. In a pot, I will take two cups of tap water until it reaches to 212 degrees. Then I will take ½ cup sugar and add it to the 212 degree water and take the thermometer and put in the water and test to see if the temperature of the water changed....
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...population control will have to withstand. In order to do that there has to a biological connection to document every beings routine. This is where the RFID chip was made to express certain data, from certain individuals to the beholder. Personally I feel with certain experiments and enhanced research there has to be a beneficial solution other than derogatory. Produce Enough Fresh Food For The Population As the population is at an all time rapid high the concern for genuine product is becoming more of a demand. Its because of events like this that products such as Genetically Modified Organisms were made. These are organisms who's genetic material has been altered using “genetic techniques.” This leaves the theory of almost every food that we consume is altered in some sense. Which leaves me to believe that not every food is healthy, and what exactly defines a food as healthy. In contrast, the meat we eat on a daily basis has also been misleading with the uncertainty of proper catering to the cattle (organic food, healthy). Not to mention the proper nutritions it takes to grow crops or feed cattle (meat) those expectations just aren't meant with the lack of proper care. Personally, I feel scientists could also experiment with certain soils,...
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