...financial statements their users, format, frequency and content 2 Financial accounting Management accounting Compare & contrast financial accounting and management accounting 3 Describe the relevance ,application and limitations of financial ratio analysis with reference to three types of users of financial statement 4 Conclusion 5 1. Introduction. -Finance is one of the most significant elements in order to succeed in business performance. Managers are able to decide ways how they will proceed their business and what extent they will broaden or minimize the scale of their business through various figures of finance. Also, those of things help shareholders to predict organisation's promising. Accounting is a basic tool in figuring out how entity spend asset and how they make a profit or how loss happens. Some specialists such as managers, shareholder, accountants use these information. In accounting, there are some methods of analysing how healthy company's financial statement is. Some types of useful ways will be introduced on this essay and will be explained why accounting and finance is a crucial factors of business. 2 .Describe two principle financial statements(their users ,format, frequency and content) Balance sheet : it is a summary of the financial position of the business. It mainly consists of three factors which are assets, liabilities and equity. There is a basic format about balance sheet - Format of balance sheet ① Assets...
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...Welcome to AIBF Financial Statement Analysis Training Asalamualikum! Khalid Zarif Current engagements Deputy Director & Academic Head of AIBF President of Afghanistan Association of Professional Accountants (AAPA) Bank Millie Afghan (BMA) Supervisory Board Member President of Afghan Social Researchers Association (ASRA) Work Experiences Business Unit Manger & adjunct Trainer, AUAF-PDI Technical Adviser, FinTRACA- Da Afghanistan Bank Custom Analyst- Ministry of Finance Official of Treasury Department- Ministry of Finance Education: Global MBA plus finalist of ACCA- Continuous BSc from Oxford Brookes University Certified Accounting Technician (CAT) 1. Purpose and format of the financial statements INTERPRETATI ON OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2. Users of the financial Statements 3. Profitability Ratios & Interpretation 4. Liquidity Ratios & Interpretation 5. Gearing Ratios & Interpretation 6. Limitations of ratio analysis Accounting: Definition Is the process of Recording Classifying Summarizing Interpreting in journal in ledger and in Financial Statements financial information in order to make decisions Financial Statements Financial Statements present information about The financial position of an entity Its financial performance during accounting period Its cash flow Financial statements are 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Statement of Financial Position Statement of Comprehensive Income/income...
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...practices in the industry. All those companies which are providing its financial statement to public is required to follow the GAAP while preparing the financial statements. Further, if the company is a listed entity then the federal law of the nation requires the company to get its accounts audited by an independent certified public accountant. There has been various corporate scams in past years which has made it compulsory for the regulatory bodies to create various laws and amend the existing laws so that more accurate and transparent financial statements can be prepared. Few of the corporate scams which has created more awareness towards the need of accurate financial reporting are “The REPO 105” scam by Lehman, this fraud helped the banks to improve their leverage and cap ratios in order to gain more credit rating and in turn increasing the customers and investors. Due to lack of accounting disclosures and loop holes in the...
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...Why is it important for an organization to have an eyeball view of its financial performance? Companies need to constantly monitor their performance in terms of finances. Some companies use boards to assist in monitoring the financial activities of their organization. Monitoring corporate performance is a critical function of every board. An effective board monitors the overall performance of an organization, including its operational, strategic, and financial objectives. A key aspect of the board’s oversight role is to actively monitor management’s execution of approved plans, as well as the organization’s progress toward meeting its objectives. It is essential for the board to prioritize and enumerate the organization’s objectives in monitoring its performance. Boards should establish a consistent method for receiving, reviewing, and utilizing the data received. Boards use many data points to monitor company performance, including financial and non-financial metrics, and industry and peer information, which can come from board reports, trend analyses, surveys, financial statements, industry benchmarks, and audit opinions. Knowing which metrics are most effective in understanding performance and indicating potential issues can be challenging, yet beneficial to the organization. Organization’s financial plan typically links to the annual operating plan that has been established. The annual operating plan provides details on the organization’s objectives and how they will be...
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...com/reports/1793282/ Hup Seng Industries Bhd Fundamental Company Report Including Financial, SWOT, Competitors and Industry Analysis Description: Hup Seng Industries Bhd Fundamental Company Report provides a complete overview of the company’s affairs. The report includes financial and SWOT information, industry analysis, opinions, estimates, Hup Seng Industries Bhd annual and quarterly forecasts made by stock market experts. The report also enables direct comparison to be made between Hup Seng Industries Bhd and its competitors. This provides our Clients with a clear understanding of Hup Seng Industries Bhd position in the Food and Beverages Industry. Scope The report contains company’s profile and data about owners, senior executives, locations, subsidiaries, markets, products, and company history. The SWOT-analysis provides information about company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and possible threats against it. The report outlines the main financial ratios pertaining to profitability, margin analysis, asset turnover, credit ratios, and company’s long-term solvency. It also shows company’s income statement and ratio trend-charts, with balance sheets and cash flows presented on an annual and quarterly basis. Company’s financial ratios are directly compared with those of its competitors through industry averages. The report provides relevant news, an analysis of PR-activity, and stock price movements. The latter are correlated with pertinent news and press releases, and annual...
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...Lecturer Bangladesh University of Business and Technology Subject: Financial Performance Evaluation of Mutual Trust Bank Limited. Dear Sir, With due respect, I would like to thank you for assisting me to prepare the internship report. This task has given me the opportunity to explore the activities of banking sector. The report contains a working procedure of General Banking Department which is based on its operational activities. It was a great pleasure for me to have the opportunity to work on this bank which remains a very well position than other bank in Bangladesh. I endeavor my best to come out with a good one. I would be very happy to provide you with any clarification regarding the report. Please contact with me if you have any query. Therefore, I pray and hope that you would be kind enough to accept my Internship Report and oblige thereby. Sincerely Yours, Acknowledgement At the very beginning, I am solemnly thanking the Almighty Allah. Completion of anything requires supports from various sources. I am very much fortunate to get the sincere guidance and supervision from a number of persons. I am sincerely thankful to my academic supervisor, Ms. Tamanna Islam Shaon, Lecturer of Finance Department, Bangladesh University of Business of Technology; who permitted and supported me to work on Financial Performance Evaluation of Mutual Trust Bank Limited. I am extremely grateful for giving me such an opportunity that has enriched...
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...market behavior. Sectional Highlights -- Structure of the industry, market size, and growth rates have been analyzed -- Value chain analysis categorizes the value-adding activities to develop low-cost differentiation strategies -- Trend analysis detects historical patterns that could help in forecasting future demand periods -- Critical issues are reviewed that may become a threat to the industry -- PEST analysis uses a framework of external factors for macro-environmental scanning of the industry to help in taking advantage of opportunities and making contingency plans for threats -- Competitive positioning of the industry leaders has been evaluated in terms of sales, profitability, stock trend and other performance indicators Key Benefits -- Provides input for strategic business planning -- Targets business opportunities & risks -- Exploits competitive intelligence Target Audience -- Investment Managers -- Venture Capitalists -- Management Consultants -- Research Companies -- Other Industry Professionals Contents: 1. Industry Overview 1.1 Industry Structure 1.2 Market Value 2. Industry Characteristics 2.1 Value Chain Analysis 2.2 Key Trends 2.3 Growth Drivers 2.4 Major Challenges 3. Macro-Environment Analysis - PEST 3.1 Political/Legal Forces 3.2 Economic Forces 3.3 Socio-Cultural Forces 3.4 Technological forces 4. Competitor Analysis 4.1 Industry Leaders 4.1.1...
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...lead to poor financial results. It is vital that owners and managers of businesses recognise the indications of potential difficulties. Remedial action can then be taken. The unit is divided into two parts. The first develops an understanding of the accounting processes necessary to provide accurate and relevant financial information. The second part covers the practical aspect of carrying out those accounting activities. Learners will be introduced to accounting terminology as they study the purpose and function of accounting and consider the various categories of business income and expenditure. It is important to know the sources of an organisation’s income and the nature of its expenditure, as this clarifies the basis of its profitability and enables more effective control of the business. Control begins with the planning process and learners will study the use of a cash flow forecast which requires managers to set cash flow targets that can be monitored and adjusted on a regular basis. Learners will consider the effective management of cash flow and the...
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...Determinants of profitability of Non Bank Financial Institutions’ in a developing country: Evidence from Bangladesh Md. Sogir Hossain Khandoker* Associate Professor, Department of Finance Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100; & Ph.D fellow, Department of Business Administration Assam University, Silchar, India E-mail: sogir.nu@gmail.com Cell: +88 01190 47 6187 Professor Dr. R. K. Raul Dean, Department of Business Administration Assam University, Silchar, India E-mail: rkraul@yahoo.com S. M. Galibur Rahman BBA, Department of Finance, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100 E-mail: galibju@gmail.com *Corresponding author Determinants of profitability of Non Bank Financial Institutions’ in a developing country: Evidence from Bangladesh Abstract This project examines the determinants of the profitability of firms in the Non Banking Financial Institution (NBFIs) industry of Bangladesh. Financial Performance of a financial institution basically depends on its some key financial determinants. Specially operating efficiency is main influencing factor which is calculated through operating income. Besides it capital Structure composite of equity and liability, operating expense, total asset significantly affect the profitability of any NBFI company. In addition term deposit also affects the profitability though that is statistically not significant. Different Statistical techniques such as correlation matrix, multiple regressions have been used to determine the relationships between...
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...Abstract Before selecting the proper financing sources Knowing the costs of financing is a prerequisite. This assignment is regarding the financing issues of business. it is very necessary to have proper knowledge over the financing terms and methods to obtain requisite financing for the organization. One has to know the costs of financing as a prerequisite before selecting the proper financing sources. In this assignment, several advantages and disadvantages are discussed for different financing methods, cost of finance, financial planning and information and many other issues that help to gain a proper knowledge about the financing in organization. Different books and journals have been used to prepare the assignment. Contents Introduction 3 Requirement 1 3 Task 1.1 : Business needs finance and available sources of finance to a business 3 Equity financing 4 Debt Financing 4 Lease Financing 4 Task 1.2 : Accessing and comparing the implication of the different sources of finance 4 Implication of equity financing 4 Implication of debt financing 4 Implication of lease financing 5 Task 1.3: evaluation of the appropriate sources of finance for the above mention businesses. 5 M1: Critically evaluate each available sources of finance to that particular firm. Evaluation should include the pros and cons, and legal aspects of each source. (Merit M1). 5 Case study 1: An engineering firm 5 Equity financing for this firm 5 Debt financing 5 Lease financing...
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...___________________________________________________________ Credit Appraisal System in Allahabad Bank Dr..Rosy Kalra* __________________________________________________________ Finance is required at every stage of business either for meeting day to operations or for starting up a new project. One of the important sources of raising finance is loans from banks. Commercial lending is one of the prime functions of any bank. But how does the bank appraises the creditworthiness of a borrower? What are the criterions to be fulfilled for granting loans? What are the tools used by the banks to appraise the loan proposal? These questions are being answered in this paper. This paper describes the credit appraisal process followed in Allahabad Bank. * Assistant Professor, Department of Accounting and Finance, Amity Business School, Amity University, Noida. A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A. International Journal of Management, IT and Engineering http://www.ijmra.us 537 May IJMIE Volume 2, Issue 5 ISSN: 2249-0558 2012 ___________________________________________________________ Companies can avail a variety of credit facilities from banks for meeting the requirement of funds. The various credit products which can be availed are...
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...researchandmarkets.com/reports/1874391/ LG Electronics Inc.: Company Profile and SWOT Analysis Description: Synopsis ICD Research's "LG Electronics Inc.: Company Profile and SWOT Analysis" contains in depth information and data about the company and its operations. The profile contains a company overview, business description, financial ratios, competitor benchmarking data, SWOT analysis, key facts, information on products and services, details of locations and subsidiaries, plus information on key news events affecting the company. Summary This SWOT analysis and company profile is a crucial resource for industry executives and anyone looking to gain a better understanding of the company's business. ICD Research's "LG Electronics Inc.: Company Profile and SWOT Analysis" report utilizes a wide range of primary and secondary sources, which are analyzed and presented in a consistent and easily accessible format. ICD Research strictly follows a standardized research methodology to ensure high levels of data quality and these characteristics guarantee a unique report. Scope - Examines and identifies key information and issues about LG Electronics Inc. for business intelligence requirements - Studies and presents the company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities (growth potential) and threats (competition). Strategic and operational business information is objectively reported - Provides analysis on financial ratios along with a competitor benchmarking section - The profile...
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...to data that helps users to gain insights and make better fact-based business decisions. The basic components of Business Intelligence are gathering, storing, analysing and providing access to data (see Figure). Gathering Data Gathering data is concerned with collecting or accessing data which can then be used to inform decision making. Gathering data can come in many formats and basically refers to the automated measurement and collection of performance data. For example, these can come from transactional systems that keep logs of past transactions, point-of-sale systems, web site software, production systems that measure and track quality, etc. A major challenge of gathering data is making sure that the relevant data is collected in the right way at the right time. If the data quality is not controlled at the data gathering stage then it can jeopardise the entire BI efforts that might follow - always remember the old adage - garbage in garbage out. Storing Data Storing Data is concerned with making sure the data is filed and stored in appropriate ways to ensure it can be found and used for analysis and reporting. When storing data the same basic principles apply that you would use to store physical goods - say books in a library - you are trying to find the most logical structure that will allow you to easily find and use the data. The advantages of modern data-bases (often called data warehouses...
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...FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA BY MAURICE MUIRURI KAARIUKI A RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTERS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, DEGREE OF KENYATTA UNIVERSITY. JULY, 2014 DECLARATION Declaration by the Researcher This research is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other University. No part of this study may be reproduced without prior authority of the author and/or Kenyatta University. Signature……………………………………………………… Date………………………. Maurice Muiruri Kariuki Declaration by the Supervisor This research proposal has been submitted for examination with my approval as the university supervisor. Signature……………………………………………………… Date………………………. Name (PhD.) School of Business ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I take this opportunity to express my gratitude and regards to Professor name (PhD.) for his guidance. I am indebted to all the persons and institutions that offered support, encouragement and prayers to me during the entire research. Lastly, I thank almighty, my parents, brother, sisters and friends for their constant encouragement without which this assignment would not be possible. ABSTRACT The study seeks to investigate the factors affecting performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The Background of the study reveals that there has been continued globalization and economic cooperation among the...
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...FINANCE IN VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS—A SYNTHESIS PAPER microREPORT #132 OCTOBER 2008 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by DAI. FINANCE IN VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS—A SYNTHESIS PAPER microREPORT #132 The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 1 OBJECTIVE ................................................................................ 1 DEFINITION ................................................................................ 1 IMPORTANCE ............................................................................. 1 REPORT STRUCTURE ................................................................. 1 THE VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS (VCA) FRAMEWORK ..................... 3 ANALYTICAL VCF FRAMEWORK WITH CASE-STUDY ILLUSTRATIONS ................................................................................ 7 UNDERSTANDING THE CURRENT CASH FLOW AND CREDIT STRUCTURE (ANALYTICAL PHASE) ............................................ 7 Intra-firm Finance ......................................................... 8 Finance Services Provision .......................................... 9 Inter-firm Finance (Governance) ................................ 10 UNDERSTANDING...
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