...than that of the issuer because the cover pools are usually comprised of high-quality assets such as prime mortgages, covered bond holders rank above unsecured creditors, and extra collateral is held in the cover pool. There is a well-developed global market for covered bonds, particularly in Europe. In Australia, however, authorised deposit-taking institutions (ADIs) have only recently been permitted to issue these bonds, following the passing of legislation – the Banking Amendment (Covered Bonds) Act 2011 – in October 2011. Under the new legislation, there is a cap on covered bond issuance by ADIs to limit the subordination of depositors to covered bond investors. An ADI must limit the value of its cover pools to a maximum of 8 per cent of its assets in Australia. Given that Australian ADIs have set their cover pools at close to 120 per cent of the value of covered bonds – with some variation of this ‘over-collateralisation’ across banks – this implies that covered bonds could provide up to around 6¾ per cent of total on-balance sheet funding for Australian assets. This is equivalent to about $140 billion for the major banks, based on the current level of their assets in Australia. The covered bond programs of the four major banks have all received a AAA credit rating, which is higher...
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...Central Bank of Argentina | Australia | Reserve Bank of Australia Australian Prudential Regulation Authority | Belgium | National Bank of Belgium | Brazil | Central Bank of Brazil | Canada | Bank of Canada Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions | China | People's Bank of China China Banking Regulatory Commission | European Union | European Central Bank European Central Bank Single Supervisory Mechanism | France | Bank of France Prudential Supervision and Resolution Authority | Germany | Deutsche Bundesbank Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin) | Hong Kong SAR | Hong Kong Monetary Authority | India | Reserve Bank of India | Indonesia | Bank Indonesia Indonesia Financial Services Authority | Italy | Bank of Italy | Japan | Bank of Japan Financial Services Agency | Korea | Bank of Korea Financial Supervisory Service | Luxembourg | Surveillance Commission for the Financial Sector | Mexico | Bank of Mexico Comisión Nacional Bancaria y de Valores | Netherlands | Netherlands Bank | Russia | Central Bank of the Russian Federation | Saudi Arabia | Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency | Singapore | Monetary Authority of Singapore | South Africa | South African Reserve Bank | Spain | Bank of Spain | Sweden | Sveriges Riksbank Finansinspektionen | Switzerland | Swiss National Bank Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority FINMA | Turkey | Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey Banking Regulation and Supervision...
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...Executive Summary Traditionally, Australia-China trade & economy was simple. Australia met the demand for raw material for China’s manufacturing & China exporting back to Australia its finished manufactured goods. Thus China-Australia became each other’s largest trading partners. Now that China’s economy is affected, less spending on infrastructure the demand has shifted from raw materials & commodities to other specialized manufactured equipment, services like health, education, financial, engineering, agriculture etc. for which Australia has to change gears to gain distinctive advantage to its other competitors. However in Chinese economy there still exists substantial market for Australian commodities, such as wool, wines, wheat, minerals & iron ore, as Australia has advantage of nearness by sea for the shipping lines. The Free Trade Agreement is a win-win situation as Australia can easily meet the changed needs of Chinese for sophisticated medical goods & services in Health, Social Security, Human Resources, Banking, Education, Legal, Agriculture, Winery & Dairy. China’s economic woes & slowdown in addition to general economic slump has impacted Australia hard, specially the mining cum trading houses at present. This impact is not limited to just Australia but whole of Asia-Pacific, lain America & Canada. Thus to conclude, there are some positives about the Australian economy as GDP growth is up from the last year & China needs Australia, as it shall always need trading...
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...Chapter 3 Factors Driving Further Change Introduction 3.1 This chapter describes the major factors driving change in the financial system and identifies some of their implications. The key regulatory challenges posed by these developments are examined in more detail in later chapters. Material presented in this chapter represents preliminary observations of the Inquiry and will be refined and amended as necessary for the Final Report. 3.2 Four key factors driving change are: globalisation; ¾ technology; ¾ consumer needs and demands; and ¾ financial innovation. ¾ 3.3 While this chapter addresses these factors separately, they interact with and affect one another. For example, global competitors have emerged in Australian markets partly because technological developments have enabled them to access Australian consumers. Similarly, consumer demand for certain financial products, such as securitised home mortgages, has been stimulated by technological developments that have made those products both feasible and accessible to consumers. 3.4 This chapter also considers market implications of these driving change, including changes to wholesale markets, financial providers, products, and distribution channels. Some of these implications are evident as early trends now, and the real question factors service market is how . . . 45 Financial System Inquiry quickly such trends will be borne out. Others fall into the realm of the merely possible. In order to frame recommendations...
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...Product Suitability Advance Biomedical Devices, Inc. (ABD) products are in a state of readiness to begin exporting to Europe because the Continent provides countries with similar market characterisitics and requirements to its home market, the United States. The products are also ready for exporting to emerging markets such as Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC) among others due to the rapidly progressive living standards and an expanding middle class with rising economic potentials in these countries. ABD’s Speedheal branded products have strong possibilities of advantageous demand in all types of foreign countries due to the following reasons: - It’s Speedheal products produce exceptional sales performance in the domestic market of the United States. - The products address universal health needs through the promotion of healing and the reduction of postsurgical pain by keeping the wound area from swelling. - The products are unique and cater to current and evolving health needs not well served internationally. - The devices are relatively small and portable and thus miniaturization remains one of ABD’s competitive advantages. - The product prices are relatively affordable and inexpensive to ship based on the miniature sizes. - ABD’s products were seldom defective and replacement of defective ones was a solution instituted by the company that augured well for good international business practice in after-sales service. - Speedheal devices are sensitive to changes...
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...Contents Abstract 2 1. Introduction 3 1.1 Background of the Study 3 1.2 Problem Statement 5 1.3 Study Objectives 5 1.4 Significance of the Study 6 1.5 Hypotheses 6 2.0 Research Methodology 7 2.1 Research Design 7 2.2 Population and Sample Size 7 2.3 Research Instrument 8 2.4 Variables 9 3.0 Business Strategy 9 4.0 Training in Banks 13 5.0 Data Analysis and Findings 17 5.1 Respondents’ Profile and Frequency Analysis 18 5.2 Descriptive Analysis 22 5.3 Reliability and Validity Analysis 24 5.4 Correlations 27 Conclusion 36 Recommendations 37 References 38 LINKING TRAINING WITH BUSINESS STRATEGY: A STUDY OF MULTINATIONAL ORGANIZATION (BANKS) IN PAKISTAN Shazia Zaman Dr. Nadir Ali Kolachi Abstract Training is one of the key functions of Strategic Human Resource Development and it has a strong influence in steering the organization in the direction of its planned business strategies. However to what extent is training effective and how strongly it contributes in getting the organization aligned with its business strategy is what this study will account for. The linkage between training and business strategy has been built in such a manner that training improves the skill level of employees, enhances their job related knowledge and equips them with the essential elements, which then leads to more focused efforts towards increasing the profitability of the organization.In this study...
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...financial stability and the real economy. The tools for containing housing booms are still being developed. The evidence on their effectiveness is only just starting to accumulate. The interactions of various policy tools can be complex. But all this should not be an excuse for inaction. The interlocking use of multiple tools might overcome the shortcomings of any single policy tool.” Indeed, as there are no magic bullets to ensure a stable housing market, it is prudent to therefore to review differing policies that are currently used by other countries to help stabilize their housing markets. In the paragraphs bellows are housing market policy examples or measures drawn from the United States of America, Canada and Brazil. In the United States, … From Canada,…. Lessons learned from Brazil. In summary, a steady increase in Melbourne’s housing market are likely given the population demand on housing. To foster stability in housing market, Melbourne can learn from policies enacted in other countries...
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...World retail Banking report 2012 Contents 3 4 7 Preface Key Findings Chapter 1: 8 12 21 Unlocking Pathways to Greater Customer Loyalty Customers Express Conflicting Sentiments toward Banks The Need for a Customer Experience Index The Growth of Mobile Banking 25 Chapter 2: At a Crossroads, Retail Banks Must Identify and Prioritize Core Strengths The Ground Beneath Banks Is Shifting Traditional Tactics Are Less Effective in the Current Environment The Way Forward: Extreme Measures for Extreme Times 26 28 32 40 41 Methodology About Us Preface Capgemini and Efma are pleased to present the 2012 World Retail Banking Report. Retail banks around the world are struggling to maintain their competitiveness in the face of severe external challenges. Massive debt loads are threatening the global economy, while stringent regulations put in place as a result of the financial crisis of 2008 are staunching traditional revenue streams. Customers, still distrustful of the industry, have become increasingly accepting of nonbank alternatives, and social media is giving them an opportunity to publicly explore them. More than ever, retail banks must strive to create stronger bonds with their customers. The 2012 World Retail Banking Report addresses this imperative by establishing a new framework for identifying and measuring success in retail banking. Specifically, our Customer Experience Index (CEI) offers a mechanism for accurately taking stock of the critical...
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...Non banking financial intermediaries Functions of hire purchase finance companies ire purchase (abbreviated HP, colloquially sometimes never-never[1]) is the legal term for a contract, in which persons usually agree to pay for goods in parts or a percentage at a time. It was developed in the United Kingdom and can now be found in Australia, China, India, Jamaica, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, and South Africa. It is also called closed-end leasing. In cases where a buyer cannot afford to pay the asked price for an item of property as a lump sum but can afford to pay a percentage as a deposit, a hire-purchase contract allows the buyer to hire the goods for a monthly rent. When a sum equal to the original full price plus interest has been paid in equal installments, the buyer may then exercise an option to buy the goods at a predetermined price (usually a nominal sum) or return the goods to the owner. In Canada and the United States, a hire purchase is termed an installment plan; other analogous practices are described as closed-end leasing or rent to own. If the buyer defaults in paying the installments, the owner may repossess the goods, a vendor protection not available with unsecured-consumer-credit systems. HP is frequently advantageous to consumers because it spreads the cost of expensive items over an extended time period. Business consumers may find the different balance sheet and taxation treatment of hire-purchased goods beneficial to their taxable income. The need for...
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...A Survey of Electronic Cash, Electronic Banking and Internet Gaming 1 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ..........................................................................................................................5 FOREWORD ..........................................................................................................................7 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 11 ELECTRONIC CASH .......................................................................................................... 15 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... SMART CARDS/STORED VALUE CARDS........................................................ The Basics ..................................................................................................... Stored-Value Card Issuers ............................................................................ COMPUTER E-CASH ............................................................................................ The Basics ..................................................................................................... E-Cash Issuers ............................................................................................... REGULATORY POLICY ......................................................................................... SUMMARY OF ELECTRONIC CASH...
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...first decade of the millennium preparing for a systems crisis, in the form of the Y2K computer scare, which on 1 January 2000 passed without event. But towards the end of the decade, the financial sector was faced with, arguably, its most serious systemic crisis ever, which the Australian financial system and economy weathered relatively well compared with advanced nations in the northern hemisphere.1 While the GFC occupied only one-quarter of the past decade (from mid 2007), it prompts the questions which this review must seek to answer. Was there something about the structure and evolution of the Australian financial system which explained its resilience in the face of the crisis; and was that resilience due to lower risk-taking by the banking sector in the lead up to the crisis? Did the distribution of risk within the financial system facilitate adjustment to the shocks encountered? What role can be attributed to government and regulatory responses following the onset of the crisis? In order to place the developments of the 2000s in context, this paper is...
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...ASIA CONTINENT, ASIA FACTS Of all the seven continents, the continent of Asia is the largest with respect to both area and population while Australia being the smallest in both regards. The total area of Asia is calculated to be 43,810,582 kilometers square, covering 30% of the total earth's land and 8.66% of the total earth's surface. This continent shares its border with Ural Mountains to the East, the Arctic Ocean to the North, the Pacific Ocean to the West and the Indian Ocean to the South. The highest point in the World is Mount Everest with a height of 8,848 meters. This mountain is situated in the Tibetan region of the Himalayas that is situated in this gigantic continent. Other Asia facts includes the facts about Asian rivers. As, the rivers are considered to be the most needed natural phenomenon on earth and are immensely important geographically, biologically, historically and culturally. So, the 3rd longest river in the world; river Yangtze (6,211 km) is in Asia and flows through China. Desert is an area or landscape which gets least precipitation thus providing unfavorable conditions for the growth of plants and the survival of life. The largest desert in Asia is the Gobi desert measuring 281,800 km square. Climate and weather are important factors in tourist's decision making and influence the successful operation of tourism. Climate of Asia largely depends on its location and physical geography. This continent comprises of 53 countries including Russia and...
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...Types of Bank Accounts jyoti25 Download Share Add to Flag Embed Views: 2183 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Presentation Description class 11th commerce types of Bank a/c Comments Presentation Transcript Types of Bank Accounts: Types of Bank Accounts Saving,recurring ,Current ,Fixed deposit ,Multiple option deposit a/c Recurring Deposit-RD: Recurring Deposits are a special kind of Term Deposits offered by banks in India which help people with regular incomes to deposit a fixed amount every month into their Recurring Deposit account and earn interest at the rate applicable to Fixed Deposits . It is similar to making FDs of a certain amount in monthly installments, for example Rs 1000 every month. This deposit matures on a specific date in the future along with all the deposits made every month. Thus, Recurring Deposit schemes allow customers with an opportunity to build up their savings through regular monthly deposits of fixed sum over a fixed period of time. The Recurring Deposit can be funded by Standing instructions which are the instructions by the customer to the bank to withdraw a certain sum of money from his Savings/ Current account and credit to the Recurring Deposit every month. When the RD account is opened, the maturity value is indicated to the customer assuming that the monthly instalments will be paid regularly on due dates. If any instalment is delayed, the interest payable in the account will be...
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...A Stochastic Approach to Indian Banking Sector : Technical Analysis of Private Sector Banks Dr. Rahul Rajan Abhilasha Srivastava Abstract The objective of this paper is to present a method for estimating the cost efficiency of Indian banks in order to study the degree of technical and cost performance of the Indian banking sector and to analyze how the banking sector has been affected by technical efficiency and cost efficiency. Initially, the evolution in the technical front in the banks between 2005 to 2012 is measured. For this analysis purpose a sample of 101 Indian banks including 28 public ,29 private and 44 foreign banks operating in India is taken for the period 2005-2012. For analysis purpose both the parametric method of productive efficiency frontier (Stochastic Frontier Analysis ) and nonparametric method (Data Envelopment Analysis) are taken. Introduction The financial system is the lifeline of the economy. The changes in the economy get mirrored in the performance of the financial system, more so of the banking industry. The banking system in India is significantly different from that of other Asian nations because of the country’s unique geographic, social, and economic characteristics. India has a large population and land size, a diverse culture, and extreme disparities in income, which are marked among its regions. There are high levels of illiteracy among a large percentage of its population but, at the same time, the country has a large reservoir...
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...generally defined as business-to-consumer commercial activities conducted via a mobile device. Technological developments within the wireless industry are giving rise to healthy growth forecasts for the mobile sub-set of electronic commerce. This paper describes the main types of mobile commerce applications available to Canadian consumers. Consumer protection issues and a number of policy initiatives are also discussed, in light of experiences of earlyadopting countries. Monitoring the consumer issues raised by mobile commerce will assuredly be required as technological developments and consumer uptake further evolve. Mobile Commerce: Winter 2010 The Consumer Trends Update is published by the Office of Consumer Affairs, Industry Canada. It provides brief reports on research or policy developments related to themes explored in the 2005 Consumer Trends Report, which is available at: www.consumer.ic.gc.ca/trends. The recent boom in mobile devices, in terms of both the scope and nature of usage, is heightening the potential for mobile commerce. A majority of Canadians today have access to a mobile phone 1; in fact, some have access to more than one, and a growing number even rely exclusively on wireless The pace of technological adoption: telephony. 2 Recent models integrate voice the U.S. payments example communications with various non-voice functions, such as reading e-mail, viewing It took: videos, accessing the Internet, and using geo• 28 years to reach 100 million...
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