...Kenya Vision 2030 A Globally Competitive and Prosperous Kenya October 2007 THE NATIONAL ANTHEM Swahili Ee Mungu nguvu yetu Ilete baraka kwetu Haki iwe ngao na mlinzi Natukae na undugu Amani na uhuru Raha tupate na ustawi Amkeni ndugu zetu Tufanye sote bidii Nasi tujitoe kwa nguvu Nchi yetu ya Kenya Tunayoipenda Tuwe tayari kuilinda Natujenge taifa letu Ee, ndio wajibu wetu Kenya istahili heshima Tuungane mikono Pamoja kazini Kila siku tuwe na shukrani English O God of all creation Bless this our land and nation Justice be our shield and defender May we dwell in unity Peace and liberty Plenty be found within our borders Let one and all arise With hearts both strong and true Service be our earnest endeavour And our homeland of Kenya Heritage of splendour Firm may we stand to defend Let all with one accord In common bond united Build this our nation together And the glory of Kenya The fruit of our labour Fill every heart with thanksgiving FOREWORD The unveiling of Kenya Vision 2030 marks an important milestone in our country’s development as it comes soon after the successful implementation of the “Economic Recovery Strategy for Wealth and Employment Creation” (ERS) over the period 2003 to-date. The Kenya economy has now recovered from the slow growth rate of 0.6 percent in 2002 to a projected growth of over 7 percent in 2007. Indeed, the last five years represent the best phase of sustained economic growth in our country in all sectors of our economy notably; agriculture...
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...CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2 1.1 The importance of Just In Time (JIT) 2 1.2 The Objectives of the study 3 1.3 The Research Methodology 3 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 5 2.1 The Definition of JIT 5 2.2 The Purposes of Just In Time 10 2.3 The Importance Elements In JIT Implementation 12 2.4 Difficulties and Issues Associated with Implementation of JIT Components. 23 2.5 Main Issues and Difficulties of Managerial Nature in JIT 30 2.6 The Benefits of JIT 34 2.7 The Limitation of JIT 36 2.8 The Relationship Model and Supporting Activities of JIT, TQM AND TPM 41 2.9 The Relationship between JIT Production and Manufacturing Strategy and their Impact on JIT Performance 43 3.0 FINDINGS 50 4.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 59 REFERENCES 61 APPENDIXES 64 INTRODUCTION The Importance of Just In Time (JIT) Nowadays, companies used Just In Time (JIT) systems control work flow by bringing in materials and sending out goods on demand which is ideally, just enough to provide what consumers want. JIT also is a production and inventory control system in which materials are purchased and units are produced only as needed to meet actual customer demand. In just in time manufacturing system inventories are reduced to the minimum and in some cases they are zero. Companies typically hold inventory in three locations which are raw materials, work-in-process inventory of partially worked materials or sub-assemblies for workstations to complete, besides finished...
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...INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS OPERATIONS Need for International Business International Business is important and necessary because economic isolationism is today impossible. Failure to become part of the global market assures a country of declining economic influence and deteriorating standard of living for its citizens. Successful participation in international business promises improved quality of life and a better society leading to a more peaceful world. Most people are likely, on individual levels, to become involved with international business corporations during their careers. Manufacturing companies, and also service companies like banks, consulting firms or insurance are going global. In an era of open borders, niche marketing, instant communications and free ways of reaching millions of people, huge opportunity emerges for individuals to enter the international business arena. International business offers companies new markets. Since the mid-20th century, the growth of international trade and investment has been substantially larger than the growth of domestic economies. The combination of domestic and international business presents more opportunities for expansion, growth and income than domestic business alone. International business generates the flow of ideas, services and capital across the world. International business also offers consumers new options. It enables the acquisition of a wider variety of products, in terms of both quality and quantity and at reduced...
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...International Food and Agribusiness Management Review Volume 14, Issue 2, 2011 Agricultural Value Chains in Developing Countries A Framework for Analysis Jacques H. Trienekens Associate Professor, Wageningen University-Management Studies and Maastricht School of Management Hollandseweg 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands Abstract The paper presents a framework for developing country value chain analysis made up of three components. The first consists of identifying major constraints for value chain upgrading: market access restrictions, weak infrastructures, lacking resources and institutional voids. In the second component three elements of a value chain are defined: value addition, horizontal and vertical chain-network structure and value chain governance mechanisms. Finally, upgrading options are defined in the area of value addition, including the search for markets, the value chain- network structure and the governance form of the chain. Part of this component is the identification of the most suitable partnerships for upgrading the value chain. The three components of the framework are derived from major theoretical streams on inter-company relationships and from the literature on developing country value chains. The framework is applied in a case example of a developing country value chain. Keywords: Developing country value chains, research framework, upgrading Corresponding author: Tel: + 31 317 484160 Email: Jacques.Trienekens@wur.nl 51 2011 International Food...
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...firms is |a. |government policies in these regions that encourage foreign direct investment. | |b. |its vast foreign-exchange reserves from its trade surplus. | |c. |increasing anxiousness of owners in developed countries to “cash-out” and take profits rather than continue to operate | | |businesses. | |d. |the economic downturn in these regions which has made the purchase price for firms relatively cheap. | ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 229 OBJ: 08-01 TYPE: application 2. The impact of China on the world economy is due to |a. |the size of its domestic market. | |b. |the movement away from Communism by the Chinese government. | |c. |its highly-competitive state-owned firms. | |d. |the lack of protection for intellectual property rights. | ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy ...
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...EFFECTS OF INTRAPRENEURIAL PRACTICES ON COMPETITIVENESS OF MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES IN NAKURU MUNICIPALITY OLILO NICODEMUS AMBOYE A Research Project submitted to the Graduate School in Partial Fulfilment for the Requirements for the award of Master’s Degree in Business Administration of Egerton University EGERTON UNIVERSITY OCTOBER 2012 DECLARATION AND RECOMMENDATION This research project is my original work and has not been presented to this or any other Institution of higher learning. ______________________ ________________ Olilo Nicodemus Amboye Date CM11/0305/07 RECOMMENDATION This research project has been submitted for examination with our approval as Egerton University supervisors. Supervisors Date 1. Dr. Mshenga Patience. Department of Business Administration. Egerton University. 2. Dr. Maina Waiganjo. Department of Business Administration. Egerton University. COPYRIGHT All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the author or Egerton University. Nicodemus Amboye Olilo © 2012 DEDICATION To my wife Leah Wanjiku and sons Wayne...
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...SUBMITTED BY: SIDDHARTH ATMARAMANI PGDM (2010-2012) ROLL NO. 2010169 UNDER THE GUIDIANCE OF: MS.RITU SRIVASTAVA ANSWER 3 : OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY OR STRATEGY For a company to be successful it is required for it to be flexible enough to adapt to the changing economic conditions. They must outbeat their own benchmarks continuously to achieve best practices. For example regarding axis bank : Profit after tax up 34.76% to `3,388.49 crores Net interest income up 31.14% to `6,562.99 crores Fee & other income up 32.39% to `4,135.16 crores Deposits up 33.93% to `189,237.80 crores Demand deposits up 17.78% to `77,767.40 crores Advances up 36.48% to `142,407.83 crores Retail assets up 33.32% to `27,759.23 crores Network of branches and extension counters increased from 983 to 1,390 Total number of atms went up from 4,293 to 6,270 Net npa ratio as a percentage of net customer assets down to 0.26% from 0.36% Earnings per share (basic) increased from `65.78 to `82.95 Proposed dividend up from 120% to 140% Capital adequacy ratio stood at 12.65% as against the minimum regulatory norm of 9% And also they must nurture a few core competencies to stay ahead of rivals. Eg. Rivals can quickly copy any market position and competitive advantage is at best temporary. For example, in the banking industry if any bank comes up with a new product or scheme or merges up with other or introduces cost cutting approaches other banks also follow them immediately and that particular scheme is then...
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...Structure of the Economy Labor force, Employment and Unemployment Macroeconomy and Balance of Payments Trade Patterns Macroeconomic and Trade Policy Reform Current Challenges Distinguishing Characteristics of Egypt’s Economy Water Resources and Growing Population Pressure Oil and Natural Gas Geographical Location Egyptian Culture Higher Education Socialism and Its Aftermath Egypt’s Comparative Advantage in the Global Economy Changing Global Economy Egypt’s Economy in Relation to Three Waves of Globalization Revealed Competitive Advantage Analysis v vi viii xi xiv xvi 1 5 5 5 7 8 10 12 13 14 14 16 16 16 17 18 19 19 22 25 II 3. Trade Policy and the International Trade Regime Current Trade Regime in Egypt Tariff Structure Non-tariff Barriers to Trade Multilateral, Regional, and Bilateral Agreements Multilateral Agreements Regional Agreements Bilateral Agreements Trade Regimes of Major Trading Partners Economic Impacts of Trade Agreements Anticipated Economic Effects of Trade Agreements Developing Country Trade Agreements with the United States and the European Union Impacts of Egypt’s Trade Agreements Observed Economic Impacts of Trade Agreements 4. Impact of Trade Regime Changes on Subsectors Purpose of Subsector Analysis Summary of Subsector Analysis Fresh Flowers, Fruits, and...
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...to our course teacher MR. Suleman Anwar, who has throughout our project work provided us with endless help, valuable guidance and encouragement. His expertise, experience and ability to open new vistas of knowledge have contributed much in meeting our educational quest. Beside we truly appreciate our friends and class fellows who have helped us immensely in making our project work achievable and complete. Their support and guidance made this project possible. Origin of the Electric Fan (Worldwide) The earliest electric fans appeared in the early 1880’s. The fan was basically a blade attached to an electric motor. The development of the fields of Electrical Engineering and Aeronautical Engineering paralleled each other in the industry of electric fans. The early electric motors were bipolar. They were direct current, with all exposed workings. The early blades were adapted from the windmill; with usually six pies shaped flat leafs of brass. Speed control was attained using resistance. In almost all cases resistance wire was used, and in a few cases, the light bulb was used a resistance. These early fans were either a novelty, or an expensive...
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...catalyzed by at least three important realizations by business, government, and civil society: The first is a realization that the world is finite and that a growing population with a higher ambition for living standards will inevitably lead to a world which will be resource and carbon constrained. The second is the realization that to solve the challenges for this future world we need systems solutions. We cannot solve individual problems in silos. The connections between energy, climate change, water, food, urban infrastructure and the imperative of functioning ecosystems are very clear. A third realization is that no part of society can solve this on its own. Individually, governments, businesses, and civil society lack the technology, financial resources, and management skills to build a sustainable world...
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...sustainability. It is catalyzed by at least three important realizations by business, government, and civil society: The first is a realization that the world is finite and that a growing population with a higher ambition for living standards will inevitably lead to a world which will be resource and carbon constrained. The second is the realization that to solve the challenges for this future world we need systems solutions. We cannot solve individual problems in silos. The connections between energy, climate change, water, food, urban infrastructure and the imperative of functioning ecosystems are very clear. A third realization is that no part of society can solve this on its own. Individually, governments, businesses, and civil society lack the technology, financial resources, and management skills to build a sustainable world on their own. Yet collectively, we...
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...OECD INSIGHTS International Trade Free, Fair and Open? Patrick Love and Ralph Lattimore ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 30 democracies work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD. OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisation’s statistics gathering and research on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as the conventions, guidelines and standards agreed by its members. This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed...
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...“INVENTION AND INNOVATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT” Report of a workshop sponsored by the Lemelson-MIT Program and LEAD International, London, November 2003 THE LEMELSON-MIT PROGRAM School of Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1 Workshop Participants ____________________________ Julia Marton-Lefèvre, Chair, LEAD International, UK Merton C. Flemings, Vice-Chair, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA Evan I. Schwartz, Rapporteur, Author and Independent Journalist, USA Shereen El Feki, The Economist, UK David Grimshaw, Intermediate Technology Development Group, UK Pamela Hartigan, Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, Switzerland Ashok Khosla, Development Alternatives, India Ehsan Masood, LEAD International, UK Penelope Mawson, LEAD International, UK Nick Moon, ApproTEC, Kenya Adil Najam, Fletcher School, Tufts University, USA Julia Novy-Hildesley, Lemelson Foundation, USA Anna Richell, Design Council, UK Ammon Salter, Imperial College London, UK Eugenio de Motta Singer, ERM, Brazil Rory Stear, Freeplay Energy Corp., UK Zhang Lubiao, Institute of Agricultural Economics, China 2 Foreword This draft document comprises Recommendations and a Summary of the discussion from a workshop held at the secretariat of LEAD International in London in November 2003, as part of a larger study on invention and inventiveness. The study will culminate in an “Invention Assembly” in Washington D.C. in April 2004. The study is supported by the Lemelson-MIT...
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...united nations development programme poverty reduction Regional integRation and Human development: a patHway foR afRica Regional integration and Human development: a pathway for africa april 2011 copyright © april 2011 united nations development programme Bureau for development policy 304 East 45th Street new york, ny 10017 u.S.A. E-mail: poverty.reduction@undp.org Website: www.undp.org/poverty disclaimer the views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily representthose of the united nations, including undp, or their Member States. taBle of contents Content Page 2 3 7 9 9 9 12 13 14 14 15 15 18 20 24 25 27 27 31 31 31 36 36 38 38 41 43 46 48 48 49 53 55 57 59 60 63 68 84 List of Acronyms and Abbreviations Executive Summary Introduction 1. regional economic integration and human development 1.1. conceptual linkages 1.1.1 Income 1.1.2 Access to services 1.1.3 Empowerment 1.1.4 Sustainability 1.2. contextual factors 2. the context for African regional integration 2.1. Geographical fragmentation 2.2. capacities, institutions and domestic policies 2.3. climate, nutrition and health 2.5. the environment and common resources 2.6. Should Africa look outward, inward, or both? 3. Estimating the impact of regional integration in Africa 3.1 Estimating the scope and benefits of integration 3.2 the modeling of integration 3.2.1 the regional, continental and global integration paths i) regional and continental...
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...catalyzed by at least three important realizations by business, government, and civil society: The first is a realization that the world is finite and that a growing population with a higher ambition for living standards will inevitably lead to a world which will be resource and carbon constrained. The second is the realization that to solve the challenges for this future world we need systems solutions. We cannot solve individual problems in silos. The connections between energy, climate change, water, food, urban infrastructure and the imperative of functioning ecosystems are very clear. A third realization is that no part of society can solve this on its own. Individually, governments, businesses, and civil society lack the technology, financial resources, and management skills to...
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