...Abstract There is a growing importance for the studies of frequency stability and control of power system with increasing levels of wind power penetration, especially in United States with a goal of 20% or more by 2030. The increasing penetration of wind in to existing synchronous based generation capacity requires the modifications in the procedures of grid frequency control as wind turbine units fail to provide inertial support and primary control reserves during the initial and later stages of frequency events respectively. Therefore, it is necessary for the wind turbines to emulate the response of current synchronous based generation capacity so as to make the power system reliable. This type of response can be introduced by control schemes developed. This report provides a literature review of the frequency control basics and controller schemes used. And also it provides an overview of the basic concepts related to the effects of wind generation on frequency behavior of the power system network. Introduction Frequency stability and control very much dependent on active power balancing is a major research topic concerned with grid integration of large wind farms. The instability of frequency occurs when power system fails to maintain it within particular limits under normal conditions. Active power imbalance indicates the variations in frequency and consequently the constancy of frequency represents the quality of power supply. Such an imbalance can be due...
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...the source of renewable energy so that natural resources are not diminished. There are many alternatives in the market to choose from. Wind turbines are one of alternatives (Linzmeier, 2009). Now the question that comes to mind is, is wind energy green? Wind turbines produce cleaner energy & bring no hazardous effects to the atmosphere by giving any pollutant emissions; however, it does come with casualties. As the U.S. energy industry inches away from dependence on fossil fuels, experts have announced various greener technologies, such as ethanol, solar and geothermal power, as choice alternatives. And while each of those options holds recognizable environmental gains over oil and coal, none compare to wind power’s squeaky clean performance (Conger, 2010). Mark Jacobson an engineer at Stanford University states that after compiling evidence of major energy technologies and environmental impact, wind comes out on top. Jacobson and associates from University of California drafted a blueprint for switching 100 percent of the world’s energy to renewable sources. Wind energy was in the forefront due to its minimal carbon footprint compared to energy output. Importantly, wind power will evade the environmentally harmful and unhealthy emissions resulting from those fossil fuel replacements. And the use of wind power will decrease the import of oil and natural gas consequently easing a national security concern and national trade...
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... such as taxes, cap and trade schemes, obligations and feed-in tariffs, which take into account environmental impacts and, in particular, the social cost of carbon dioxide emissions, will contribute to faster deployment. However, investment in R&D will not be delivered by market signals alone; extensive support at the national and international levels is needed to accelerate the development of renewable technologies. R&D targeted at different stages of the innovation chain will yield benefits in the short-term (up to five years), medium-term (5–15 years); and in the longer term (15 years plus). R&D with a short-term focus is needed to improve technologies that are already technically proven. More mature technologies include wind energy and the standard silicon-based conversion of solar energy to electricity in photovoltaic (PV) cells. Strong industries are already associated with these technologies and government deployment measures in several...
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...Wind Turbine Manufacturers in the U.S.: Locations and Local Impacts WINDPOWER 2010 Conference and Exhibition Dallas, Texas Suzanne Tegen May 26, 2010 NREL/PR-6A2-47913 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Challenges to modeling Renewables Renewables represent new industries • Not isolated as an industry in conventional I/O codes Requires detailed knowledge of project costs and industry specific expenditures • Equipment, Engineering, Labor, Permitting, O&M, etc. The Wind JEDI Model • Provides a project basic project recipe for specific RE technologies • Applies Industry Specific Multipliers derived from IMPLAN National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future Jobs and Economic Impacts from the JEDI Model Wind Energy’s Economic Impacts JEDI Model Version W1.09.03e Local Revenue, Turbine, & Supply Chain Impacts Project Development & Onsite Labor Impacts •Construction workers •Management •Administrative support •Cement truck drivers •Road crews •Maintenance workers •Legal and siting •Blades, towers, gear boxes •Boom truck & management, gas and gas station workers; •Supporting businesses, such as bankers financing the construction, contractor, manufacturers and equipment suppliers; •Utilities; •Hardware store purchases and workers, spare parts and their suppliers Induced Impacts Jobs and earnings that...
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...optimization of Ocean Wave Generation equipment. This paper analysis the characteristics and operational reformation of Power generation through Ocean wave technology, with special background in Oceanology. “Ocean energy has the potential of providing a substantial amount of new renewable energy around the world.(Carbon Trust 2006)” [3]. Ocean Wave generator equipment should be primarily use for power generation. Ocean wave can be advantageous due to nonexistence fossil fuel coal emission and nuclear radiation. The most basic functionality requirement of a generator in a wave energy converter (WEC) is that of mechanical to electrical power conversion – in similar manner to the functionality of a generator in a fossil fuel power plant. [2]. Oppose to on water oil rigs, whose residue still resides in the gulf coast. Ocean Wave generator can be the future of renewable energy. The gist of Ocean Wave generation relies mostly on kinetic energy of the tidal wave develop by the wind. Power generation can be control with an Ocean Wave generator. Research is also being conduct on Ocean wave harvesting allowing us to harness this energy. However, there is the question about Marine life, if there are any harmful toxins that can jeopardize the marine life in a particular area. The amount of money invested into this program and research in to this study. Also, relying solely on the environment is unpredictable. Inclement Weather, Natural disasters can cripple an environmentally dependent electrical...
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...1 INTRODUCTION TO WIND ENERGY........................................................................................................1 1.1 What is wind energy..................................................................................................................................1 1.2 Why use wind energy ................................................................................................................................1 Why choose wind over conventional fuel sources .........................................................................1 1.2.2 Why choose wind over other renewable energy technologies............................................................1 1.3 The history and rise of wind energy ..........................................................................................................2 1.3.1 The first windmills were for mechanical power generation ...............................................................2 1.3.2 Electrical power generation ................................................................................................................3 1.4 Wind energy in Australia ..........................................................................................................................6 1.5 Wind energy in the future..........................................................................................................................7 1.5.1 Onshore wind energy ...............................................
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...SERVICE SPECIFICATION DNVGL-SE-0074 Edition December 2014 Type and component certification of wind turbines according to IEC 61400-22 The electronic pdf version of this document found through http://www.dnvgl.com is the officially binding version. The documents are available free of charge in PDF format. DNV GL AS FOREWORD DNV GL service specifications contain procedural requirements for obtaining and retaining certificates and other conformity statements to the objects, personnel, organisations and/or operations in question. © DNV GL AS Any comments may be sent by e-mail to rules@dnvgl.com This service document has been prepared based on available knowledge, technology and/or information at the time of issuance of this document, and is believed to reflect the best of contemporary technology. The use of this document by others than DNV GL is at the user's sole risk. DNV GL does not accept any liability or responsibility for loss or damages resulting from any use of this document. Changes – current CHANGES – CURRENT General This service specification supersedes and replaces the January 2014 edition of DNV-DSS-904. Service specification DNVGL-SE-0074 – Edition December 2014 DNV GL AS Page 3 CHANGES – CURRENT .................................................................................................. 3 Sec.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................
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...Engineering B. Sc. Final Year Project WIND ENERGY Presented By: Ahmed Magdy Ahmed Mokhtar Latifa Ahmed Supervised By: Dr.Amr Magdy DECLARATION I hereby certify that this material, which I now submit for assessment on the programme of study leading to the award of Bachelor of Science in (insert title of degree for which registered) is entirely my own work, that I have exercised reasonable care to ensure that the work is original, and does not to the best of my knowledge breach any law of copyright, and has not been taken from the work of others save and to the extent that such work has been cited and acknowledged within the text of my work. Signed: _____________________________ Registration No.: ___________ Date: 6/7/2013 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENT To my honourable Dr.AMR MAGDY We were honoured and pleased at the same time to work under the supervision of you, you spent a lot of time with us, at the time you definitely had lots of other important occupations. This work would have never been done without your assistance.Very thanking prof.Dr. Yasser Galal on his effort with us the past five years.Thanking engineers Noha Magdy and Ashraf Brdwyli to help us in the project. 3 ABSTRACT Wind energy is fast becoming the most preferable alternative to conventional sources of electric power. wind turbines are now coming up in almost all parts of the world. In the early days of development, wind turbines were designed to rotate at constant speed ...
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...The Technological Innovation System Case study on the Danish Wind Energy System Questions 1 and 2: The two most important scientific journals that publish theoretical work on Innovation Systems: The two most important scientific papers are research policy with 330 published articles about innovation systems and technological forecasting and social change with 364 published articles on innovation systems. These two journals have the most articles published on Innovation systems and the biggest journal impact factor. The 3 most cited papers that cite the paper by Malerba, and their main research question: First reference: Geels, F.W. , (2004) From sectoral systems of innovation to socio-technical systems: Insights about dynamics and change from sociology and institutional theory, Research Policy, 33 (6-7), pp. 897-920. (Cited 380 times) Main research question: How can widening the unit of analysis from the sectoral system into an socio-technical system and conceptualize the dynamic interplay between actors, structures and institutions. Second reference: Tödtling, F., Trippl, M. (2005) One size fits all?: Towards a differentiated regional innovation policy approach, Research Policy, 34 (8), pp. 1203-1219. (Cited 294 times) Main research question: How can we construct an innovation policy for regions where innovation activities are strongly different between central, peripheral and old industrial areas Third reference: Bergek, A., Jacobsson, S...
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...School of Innovation, Design and Engineering Bachelor Thesis in Aeronautical Engineering 15 credits, Basic level 300 Investigation of Different Airfoils on Outer Sections of Large Rotor Blades Authors: Torstein Hiorth Soland and Sebastian Thuné Report code: MDH.IDT.FLYG.0254.2012.GN300.15HP.Ae Sammanfattning Vindkraft står för ca 3 % av jordens produktion av elektricitet. I jakten på grönare kraft, så ligger mycket av uppmärksamheten på att få mer elektricitet från vindens kinetiska energi med hjälp av vindturbiner. Vindturbiner har använts för elektricitetsproduktion sedan 1887 och sedan dess så har turbinerna blivit signifikant större och med högre verkningsgrad. Driftsförhållandena förändras avsevärt över en rotors längd. Inre delen är oftast utsatt för mer komplexa driftsförhållanden än den yttre delen. Den yttre delen har emellertid mycket större inverkan på kraft och lastalstring. Här är efterfrågan på god aerodynamisk prestanda mycket stor. Vingprofiler för mitten/yttersektionen ...
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...Corporate Social Responsibility 37 Summary and Recommendation 39 Conclusions: 40 About the Company Suzlon Energy is a global wind power company based in India. Suzlon is a market leader in Renewable Energy Resources segment in India. It specializes in providing total solutions in Wind Power Generation with cohesive integration of consultancy, design, manufacturing, installation, operation and maintenance services. Currently, Suzlon is ranked as fifth leading wind turbine manufacturer in the world in terms of cumulative installed capacity, at the end of 2011. Suzlon delivers end-to-end wind power solutions from assembly, installation to commissioning. The company manufactures blades, generators, panels, and towers in-house and state-of-the-art large or offshore turbines through its subsidiary REpower. The company is integrated downstream and delivers turnkey projects through its project management and installation consultancy, and operations & maintenance services. Suzlon is a multinational company with offices, R&D and technology centers, manufacturing facilities and service support centers spread across the globe. History The seeds of Suzlon were sown by Mr. Tulsi R. Tanti’s venture into the textile industry. Faced with soaring power costs and the infrequent availability of power, he looked to wind energy as an alternative. Beginning with a wind farm project he set forth to...
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...Air Surveillance Radar Abstract This paper briefly explores the history and origins of air surveillance Radio Detection And Ranging (RADAR) radar systems and how they were developed in three major countries involved in World War II. These countries are the United States, Britain and Germany. Also discussed are the basic components of an air surveillance radar systems and what parts they play. The health concerns of Radio Frequency (RF) radiation such as cancer, reproductive malfunctions and cataracts will be discussed along with environmental and economic impacts. There are multiple political influences and implications associated with air surveillance radar. Wind energy sites and national security and military readiness are two that will be discussed. Also the degradation of the National Air Space (NAS) and military radar systems in the United States and how it has led to the search for new systems to better serve commercial and military aviation. This paper explores and discusses the many markets that use air surveillance radar and the companies that have invested in the development. Also discussed is the proof of concept Multi-Mission Radar that has been developed for use by the United States Army. Air surveillance radars are designed to detect, locate, track and classify a wide range of targets (SRC, Inc., 2016). Radar uses electromagnetic energy that is transmitted toward objects and observes the echoes returned from those targets (Skolnik, M. I., 2015). The information...
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...Value Chain Management, VIA University College Horsens Authors: Thomas Gottlob Ployart Wetche 2036932 Kristina Hemmingsen 2029398 Pawel Rosiak 2008258 Ioan Stavarache 2020733 Filip Petru 2020724 Supervisor: Erik Aaen Project: SPV 4 Project Date: 10 June 2010 Contents Table of figures: 6 0.0 Problem formulation 8 0.1 Background description: 8 0.2 Purpose: 8 0.4 Problem statement: 8 0.5 Delimitation: 8 0.6 Choice of methods and models: 9 0.7 Time schedule 10 1.0 Introduction 11 1.1 Value chain analysis 11 Optimization of the value chain at Siemens Wind Power 11 1.2 Primary Activities: 13 1.2.1 Inbound Logistics: 13 1.2.2 Operations: 13 1.2.3 Outbound Logistics 13 1.2.4 Marketing and Sales: 14 1.2.5 Service 15 1.3 Support Activities 15 1.3.1 Procurement 15 1.3.2 Technology Development 16 1.3.3 Human Resource Management 16 1.3.4 Firm Infrastructure 16 1.4 Choosing the right supply chain strategy 17 1.5 Supply Chain Strategies 17 1.5.1 Innovative Products with Evolving Supply Processes 18 1.6 The Right Supply Chain Strategy 18 The concept of agility : 18 1.7 Summarize 19 2.0 How can Siemens optimize the cross functional communication? 19 2.1 Resources and capability model 20 2.2 Obstacles when using the strategic resources and capability model 21 2.3 Issues within the organization 22 2.4 Root causes for the internal challenges: 23 ...
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...manage the concerns and issues of the well-being of its employees, ultimately leaving employees with a positive attitude and being more productive so that they are eager to adequately perform and fulfill their duties. Not only is organizational behavior related to human resource management, but it is also related to organizational strategy, which according to the book is devoted to exploring the product choices and industry characteristics that affect an organization’s profitabailtiy. Organizational behavior is related to organizational strategy because the job performance of employees affects the overall success of an organization. Also, it is related because organizational behavior should focus on organizing and managing the employees knowledge and skills so that they can implement the organization’s strategy in their daily task so that the organization can compete. ------------------------------------------------- Question 2: Ex #1) The Rule of one eighth can be described simply as: 1/8 or 12% of organizations will actually do what is necessary to succeed to build economic success, by putting their staff first before economic success. It is known that when you have a better-treated and better trained staff, you will in the end receive a better product, ultimately increasing total revenue. If you want to explore the rule further,...
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...the past several decades scientists have warned that coal and oil have been diminishing and that it could take thousands of years for the earth to replenish what we have already used. With that being said finding other resources of energy is crucial to the conservation of our way of life as we know it. Evidence has shown that the U.S. relies heavily on oil, coal, and natural gas for its energy. So finding new ways to substitute these sources of energy through renewable energy like wind, and sunlight needs to be a high priority for local and state governments nationwide. In this paper I will explain why the need for renewable energy is so important to the environment and our way of life. I will speak specifically on the many types of renewable energy sources like solar power and wind power, and how using these resources directly and indirectly can help to wean the U.S. off of the non-renewable energy that we so greatly depend on. The conservation of non-renewable energy can be achieved by using wind, sunlight, and water and also finding new ways in which to use them that help us sustain some if not all of the conveniences that we...
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