...dilemma, battle of sexes, matching pennies and hawk-dove games. Prisoners' dilemma Example 1 Barbers shop and Hairdressing are located in the same area. Each barber wants to have more clients. Each Decided to discount. Barbers shop made a discount 20% because he thought that Hairdressing will make 10% discount, and Hairdressing also made a discount because he also thought that Barbers shop will make 10% discount. Each barber's dominant strategy is 20%, which gives an inferior outcome if both use their dominant strategy. Barber's situation is similar to prisoner's dilemma because in this game if each player uses its dominant strategy it gives an inferior outcome. Of course they can cooperate and choose the best option for both of them. Example 2 Warsaw University and Politechnick University are two famous universities in Poland. Both universities want to have more international students. Each decided to discount for international students. Warsaw University made a discount 30% because he thought that Politechnick University will make a 20% discount, and here Politechnik University also made a discount because he also thought that Warsaw University will make 20% discount. Each university’s dominant strategy is 30%. Universities situation is similar to prisoner's dilemma because in this game if each player use its dominant strategy it gives an inferior outcome. Of course they can cooperate and choose the best option for both of them. Battle of sexes Example...
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...The Knight’s Tale Courtly love, according to Mr. Windham, is the idealized view of an extra-marital relationship between the sexes in which a knight performs brave deeds to win the approval of a lady. Courtly love occurred mostly during the 1066-1485, otherwise known as the middle ages. This form of love can be found all throughout The Knight’s Tale, a tale of two cousins, who do everything from the proclaiming of their love for Emily, to fighting an epic knight battle in an arena; this tale seems to be courtly love through and through, but there is something that is prohibiting this tale to be a true tale of courtly love; their proclaimed love, Emily, is not married. The first reading of courtly love is the knights’ proclamation of love towards Emily. These two knights, Arcite and Palamon, are cousins with a brotherly bond. They have a chivalrous honor and promised to watch after each other no matter what. This is their code of honor emphasizing loyalty to each other. After the Battle of Thebes, these two knights are found wounded on the battle field. Theseus, the king of Athens who marched on Thebes, spares their lives but condemns them to life in an Athenian tower. On one day of their imprisonment, Palamon wakes...
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...Paper Conflict resolution and Peace Making can be implemented in any subject and topic. One of the nation’s most popular topics would be women and the Equality of the sexes. Women have fought for equality of the sexes for many years. I’m sure I can speak for several woman when I say we will continue to fight. There was an article released on the Himalayan Times titled 'Women's participation a must for a comprehensive peace process'. This article discussed many of the conflicts women deal with on a daily basis such as political decision making, domestic violence, and being in the armed forces And, what proper measures to take to take to make the peace making process a little bit easier. Woman have been fighting a battle with the male species for a long time. It is a battle which has not been won but improved in a major way. To give a brief description woman began to fight for equality in the mid 1900’s. Women wanted the right to be treated just as equal as man. During that day in time women were expected to be at home caring for the children and cooking and cleaning and doing as her husband told her, it was socially acceptable to work as nurses or sectaries. Men begin to take advantage of the authority given to them. Some men begin to be abusive to woman, not always on a physical level but an emotional level. The battle started when woman wanted to be able to help provide for their homes, and felt they should be able to obtain any position just as a man could. Things have changed...
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...Paper Conflict resolution and Peace Making can be implemented in any subject and topic. One of the nation’s most popular topics would be women and the Equality of the sexes. Women have fought for equality of the sexes for many years. I’m sure I can speak for several woman when I say we will continue to fight. There was an article released on the Himalayan Times titled 'Women's participation a must for a comprehensive peace process'. This article discussed many of the conflicts women deal with on a daily basis such as political decision making, domestic violence, and being in the armed forces And, what proper measures to take to take to make the peace making process a little bit easier. Woman have been fighting a battle with the male species for a long time. It is a battle which has not been won but improved in a major way. To give a brief description woman began to fight for equality in the mid 1900’s. Women wanted the right to be treated just as equal as man. During that day in time women were expected to be at home caring for the children and cooking and cleaning and doing as her husband told her, it was socially acceptable to work as nurses or sectaries. Men begin to take advantage of the authority given to them. Some men begin to be abusive to woman, not always on a physical level but an emotional level. The battle started when woman wanted to be able to help provide for their homes, and felt they should be able to obtain any position just as a man could. Things have changed...
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...The complex and ever evolving relationship between men and women in society has fueled hundreds of conflicts throughout history as well as in the fictional worlds of many writings. Each gender has, at some point, had to fight the repression brought upon by the other. Most examples involve men as the dominate force over women in a patriarchal society. Less than a hundred years have passed since women gained the right to vote in the United States and just a few years ago women in Saudi Arabia were finally allowed the same right. The theme of a “battle of the sexes” has been around in literature for hundreds, even thousands of years in works such as Shakespeare’s comedies to various mythology. In the novel One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken...
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...Situations economists and mathematicians call games psychologists call social situations. While game theory has applications to "games" such as poker and chess, it is the social situations that are the core of modern research in game theory. Game theory has two main branches: Non-cooperative game theory models a social situation by specifying the options, incentives and information of the "players" and attempts to determine how they will play. Cooperative game theory focuses on the formation of coalitions and studies social situations axiomatically. This article will focus on non-cooperative game theory. Game theory starts from a description of the game. There are two distinct but related ways of describing a game mathematically. The extensive form is the most detailed way of describing a game. It describes play by means of a game tree that explicitly indicates when players move, which moves are available, and what they know about the moves of other players and nature when they move. Most important it specifies the payoffs that players receive at the end of the game. Strategies Fundamental to game theory is the notion of a strategy. A strategy is a set of instructions that a player could give to a friend or program on a computer so that the friend or computer could play the game on her behalf. Generally, strategies are contingent responses: in the game of chess, for example, a strategy should specify how to play for every possible arrangement of pieces on the board. An alternative...
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...Essentials of game theory 1. Introduction Game theory is the study of strategic decision making. More formally, it is "the study of mathematical models of conflict and cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers."[1] An alternative term suggested "as a more descriptive name for the discipline" is interactive decision theory.[2] Game theory is mainly used in economics, political science, and psychology, as well as logic and biology. The subject first addressed zero-sum games, such that one person's gains exactly equal net losses of the other participant(s). Today, however, game theory applies to a wide range of class relations, and has developed into an umbrella term for the logical side of science, to include both human and non-humans, like computers. Classic uses include a sense of balance in numerous games, where each person has found or developed a tactic that cannot successfully better his results, given the other approach. Modern game theory began with the idea regarding the existence of mixed-strategy equilibria in two-person zero-sum games and its proof by John von Neumann. Von Neumann's original proof used Brouwer's fixed-point theorem on continuous mappings into compact convex sets, which became a standard method in game theory and mathematical economics. His paper was followed by his 1944 book Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, with Oskar Morgenstern, which considered cooperative games of several players. The second edition of this book provided...
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...The topics of sex and gender are very complicated ones; Anne Fausto-sterling focuses on the battle that people who are intersex face. Fausto-Sterling revisits her previous report from 1993 updating and clarifying her previous statements. In her first report she argues that the binary does not truly represent the sexes and that it only works to further marginalize us (including those of us who identify in normative ways) and prevents full equality. She updates her argument to clarify to those of a more conservative standpoint; she does not want a “pastel world” of all androgynous people; but rather wants the world to accept everyone. In her words “Strong colors Coexist with pastels” (Fausto-Sterling, 23). Not only should we accept everyone...
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...prefer to work for male bosses because they are less prone to mood swings, research revealed yesterday. Two thirds of female employees said they like having a man in charge in the office. Those questioned also said male bosses are more authoritative, straight-talking and better at making decisions than their female counterparts. [pic] Battle of the sexes: Two thirds of women say they prefer working for a male boss because they are better decision-makers than their female counterparts But the study did find the fairer sex are better at delegation and more likely to dish out praise. The statistics come ten days after Harriet Harman declared men in power can't be trusted. Labor’s deputy leader said: 'I don't agree with all-male leaderships. 'Men cannot be left to run things on their own. I think it's a thoroughly bad thing to have a men-only leadership.' The results of the survey also revealed four out of ten women who have female bosses believe they could do a better job than their superior. A spokesman for www.OnePoll.com, which conducted the research, said: 'The results make interesting reading as there were pros and cons to both sexes.' The research found while women are good at dealing with employees' personal issues within the office environment most felt men were better at 'steering the ship'. 'Men were also revealed to be better at having an overall vision of the direction the business was going to take over the long-term,' the spokesman claimed. 'But women were...
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...Nabia Abbott's chapter on The Umayyads takes an in-depth look at the rise and fall of this dynasty, paying close attention to women of this time and the roles they played. Abbott discusses early Umayyad Caliph's and their wives, giving awareness to Uthman and Na'ilah as well as Mu'awiyah and Maisun bint Bahdal. Each of these matches is portrayed by Abbott as somewhat equal or at least a mutual respect between the couples. But as time wore on slowly the ideal Arab wife was being infringed upon by the harems that the elite Umayyads were setting up. Filling their halls with slave women from far off lands, such as Persia. An example of the impact that these women had on the Caliph can be seen during Walid I reign, where although he had eight different free Arab wives only one borne him any children, the rest of his off spring came from his servant girls. This shows that Walid I preferred these foreign women to those of his own Arab decent. Abbott states that with the rise of the Umayyad Empire came a change in the political status of Arab women. Pride and race and other virtues were gradually receding into the background. With the accession of Yazid III dealt the royal Arab women a hard blow since the sons of the harem wives stood up to become the next heir. With this the Arab Islamic women officially became a prisoner with in the political society. In the conclusion of this chapter Abbott blames Arab women as the case for the decline in the status of Muslim women, saying if such...
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...Development and variations of western feminist ideas Chapter one: Introduction Prior to the 20th century, women in China were regarded essentially different from men. Despite the association of women with yin and men with yang, two qualities considered equally important by Daoism, women were believed to occupy a lower position than men in the hierarchical order of the universe. The I Ching stated that "'Great Righteousness is shown in that man and woman occupy their correct places; the relative positions of Heaven and Earth.'" Women were to be submissive and obedient to men. Women were not allowed to participate in government or community institutions. A number of women, and some men, spoke out against these conditions in the early 20th century, but to little avail. As a result of government approval, women's rights groups became increasingly active in China: "One of the most striking manifestations of social change and awakening which has accompanied the Revolution in China has been the emergence of a vigorous and active Woman's Movement." Beginning in the 70s and continuing in the 80s, however, many Chinese feminists began arguing that the Communist government had been "consistently willing to treat women's liberation as something to be achieved later, after class inequalities had been taken care of."[9] Some feminists claim that part of the problem is a tendency on the government's part to interpret "equality" as sameness, and then to treat women according to an unexamined...
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...December 11, 2010 Women in Combat Should women be allowed in combat? Can women perform and function as effectively as men in combat? Some would agree and some conservative people would usually argue that they shouldn't. Many would debate the physical capabilities and mental differences of the two sexes, or even the effect of the presence of the opposite sex on the battlefield. But we should also be reminded, women have been serving in the armies and for centuries have fought many successful battles. Policies that prohibit women to join the combat must be abolished. Capable women should be allowed in combat, and not be denied the ability to function in the army on an equal basis. Buried in the history of books, women have played many roles in combat for many centuries. In 600 BC, there is a legend about fearsome female warriors from ancient Greece. These stories speak of women who were trained in the art of war, how to use weapons, and how to cope with physical hardships. The stories tell us that they conquered men on the field of battle. These women are called the Amazons. Who would forget the story of Joan of Arc, who in 1429 successfully led French Troops into battle against the English. During the Revolutionary and Civil Wars, hundreds of women disguised themselves as men to fight. These are just a few examples of what a woman can be, they have proved themselves able to handle difficult situation well when they are thrown into one. There are approximately 15 percent...
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...Women have always been in an ongoing war for equality and respect since the battle for woman’s suffrage. This war for equality has gone on for centuries and it is nowhere near over because to this day women still do not share the same rights as men and society still does not view men and women as equal. The soldiers of the battle for women’s suffrage were mistreated, beaten, and even arrested. These soldiers remained strong despite all the treatment they received, women today still receive this type of treatment for just speaking their opinion and trying to make a change in society. The soldiers who fought for our right to vote succeeded, but there are still many aspects of our society that make women inferior to men. Even the strong...
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...2 May 2012 Events and Facts of the 1970s I. Introduction Thesis: During the 1970s our President was forced to resign, the economy was in a recession, books were written and interpreted differently, and great accomplishments occurred in sports. II. Economy A. Inflation 1. The peacetime inflation 2. Rising prices B. The unemployment rate C. Tax rate D. Oil Shortage E. Oil Embargo III. History A. The Presidency 1. Nixon as President 2. Why he resigned B. The end of the Vietnam War 1. The outcome on America 2. The year the war ended C. The Watergate Scandal 1. What the scandal was about 2. The people involved 3. The outcome IV. Sports A. Babe Ruth’s homerun being broken B. “Battle of the Sexes” tennis championship C. Mark Spitz Olympic record D. George Foreman becomes World Heavyweight champion E. OJ Simpson’s rushing record F. Muhammad Ali defeats George Foreman V. Literature A. Characteristics B. Famous authors C. Genre and Style VI. Concluding statements A. . The 1970s had many troubles with the economy including inflation and the oil embargo. The Watergate Scandal forcing President Nixon to resign was on everyone’s mind. However, the 1970s saw some positive events as well as Hank Aaron setting a new homerun record and new styles on how books were written and interpreted. B. Although the 1970s was a tough time for Americans we were still able to pull through and have a positive outlook on...
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...stereotypes are positive, they are never beneficial. Society creates gender stereotypes and perpetuates them through societal institutions. In this paper the roles of gender will be analyzed regarding education, public policy, and the workplace. How education shapes gender, the gender norms in government, the law, policies, and the role of gender in the workplace will be discussed. Education In many cases the classroom reinforces gender stereotypes perpetuated by society. This can be found in the materials used for instruction, communication between the teacher and his or her pupils and classroom interaction between the genders and with the instructor. Institutions generally have geared textbooks toward males with discussions of famous battles, politicians, and entrepreneurs with very little emphasis on female contributions in society. According to Sapiro, before the 1970s information provided to students “focused on and valued men more than women, indicated to boys and not girls that they should consider doing great things with their lives” (Sapiro, p. 155). Communication and interaction within the classroom also reinforce the stereotypical submissive female and aggressive male roles. Boys are more vocal than their female counterparts in class and instructors give them more potential interaction by recognizing them more. According to Sadker, “teachers call on and interact with boys more than girls. Boys use creative and effective techniques to catch the teacher’s attention” (Sadker...
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