...introduction and history of RAYBAN INTRODUCTION Ray-Ban is a brand of sunglasses and eyeglasses founded in 1937 by American company Bausch & Lomb. The brand is best known for their Wayfarer and Aviator styles of sunglasses. The founder of the RAYBAN is Lester Belisario. It’s headquarter is in Milan, Italy and formally Rochester, New York, USA. The owner of the RAYBAN is Luxottica group. In 1999, Bausch & Lomb sold the brand to the Italian Luxottica Group for a reported $640 million. HISTORY The history of the Ray-Ban Aviator dates back to the 1930s, when new airplanes allowed people to fly higher and farther. Many US Army Air Service pilots were reporting that the glare from the sun was giving them headaches and altitude sickness. In 1929, US Army Air Corps Lieutenant General, John MacCready asked Bausch & Lomb, a Rochester, New York-based medical equipment manufacturer, to create the sunglasses that would reduce the headaches and nausea experienced by pilots, which are caused by the intense blue and white hues of the sky and then a new kind of glasses were introduced. The model was created in 1936 and it was known as ‘Anti-Glare’ which had plastic frames and green lenses that could cut out the glare without obscuring vision. The sunglasses were again remodeled with a metal frame and rebranded as the ‘Ray-Ban Aviator’. On May 7, 1937, Bausch & Lomb took out the patent, and the Aviator was born. In 1939, Ray-Ban then launched a new version of the aviator called...
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...During a routine market survey of college students—the target group for Bausch and Lomb (B&L) contact lenses—a team from FCB Ulka, the company’s creative agency made a significant discovery. It found that when youngsters play dumb charades, the person who is called to gesture, involuntarily puts aside his glasses (if he’s wearing one), so his mates can correctly read his expressions. Surprisingly, for a country of 17.37 million in need of vision correction, the contact lens penetration is dismally low—at 5%, that is about 0.87 million users, representing a market of Rs 100-120 crore, although growing at 20% year-on-year. This compares poorly with contact lens penetration in, say, China (16%), Thailand (13%) and Malaysia (25%). The total vision care market in India is valued at Rs 1,800-Rs 2,000 crore (95% unorganised and growing at 25% per annum), of which the contact lens market accounts for only Rs 100-120 crore. The key players are B&L, Johnson & Johnson brand (although they only operate in the premium category, that is, daily, fortnightly and monthly modality disposable lenses, priced in the range of Rs 1,400-Rs 30,000 per annum for the daily disposable lenses) and Ciba Vision (specialist in coloured lenses). The three players command 60%, 30% and 10% share respectively in the urban market, according to market estimates. The unorganised market is small (Rs 30 crore) and not a cause for worry. The Y-o-Y growth for the organised sector is 20%, although in the last couple...
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...How to make a pumpkin lamp Hundreds of years ago, pumpkin lamps was created by Irish to exorcise evil spirits. People also call pumpkin lamps Jack-O-lanterns. There is a story behind the name. Once upon a time, a man named Stingy Jack cheated the devil and he was punished by the devil and became homeless later. Then he used a white radish to carry charcoal ash to light up the road. According to the fair tale, Irish people made lanterns with white radish. After 1840, people moved to the North America and found that pumpkins were more suitable for making lanterns. They started to use pumpkins for making lanterns. Making pumpkin lamps has become a traditional customs to celebrate Halloween till now. To make a pumpkin lamp, you have to prepare the following items: 1. a cute medium pumpkin 2. a sharp knife and a iron spoon 3. a mark pen 4. a small candle Follow under tips and you can make a pumpkin lamp step by step: Step1: Choose a pumpkin in a medium size and it should be roundish. Step2: Use the mark pen to draw a circle with a radius of 3-5 cm on the top of the pumpkin. Step3: Use the sharp knife and cut a hole along the lines you draw just now. Step4: Scoop out the seeds and any loose flesh using the dessertspoon and the knife if needed. Step5: Design your pumpkin’s face and draw the draft on it. Step6: Carefully cut out the features. Take small cuts and use a puncturing motion rather than a slicing one. Step7: Put the candle into the bottom of the...
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...BEDROOM * Comforter * Pillows * Pillow Cases * Decorative Pillows (?) * Mattress * Mattress Pad * Mattress Protector * Bed Frame * Sheets (2-3 sets) * Blanket(s) * Rug (?) * Curtains/Curtain Rods (s) * Lamp(s) * Nightstand(s) * Clock * Trashcan * Mirror * Fan * Hangers * Hamper BATHROOM * Towels (2-3 sets) * Washcloths (2-3 sets) * Hand towels (2-3 sets) * Tub Mat * Bath Rug * Plunger * Toilet Brush * Soap/Soap Dispenser or Tray * Trashcan * Toothbrush Holder * Under-Sink Storage * Shower Curtain/Liner/Rings PERSONAL CARE * Loofa * Toothbrush * Toothpaste * Mouthwash * Cotton Swabs * Nail Clippers * Tweezers * Tissues * Toilet Paper * Shampoo Rack (?) * Shampoo/Conditioner * Deodorant * Body Wash * Hair Products * Elastics * Bobby Pins * Hair Dryer * Curling Iron/Straightener * Clips * Product * Brush/Comb * Make-Up * Razors * Scale KITCHEN * Cooking/Baking Sheets * Measuring Cups/Spoons * Mixing Bowls * Silverware/Knife Set * Glasses/Mugs * Plates/Bowls * Blender * Coffee Maker * Mixer * Microwave (?) * Griddle * Pots/Pans * Toaster (?) * Timer * Colander * Mixing/Serving Spoons * Tongs * Peeler * Whisk * Ice Cream Scoop * Rolling Pin * Cutting Boards * Salt...
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...Bausch & Lomb, Inc. (A) In the case of Bausch & Lomb, Inc., the company’s leadership style and business strategy led key financial preparers to show revenue on company financial statements when it should not have been recognized. The two main criteria for revenue recognition are: 1) the seller must have substantially performed its obligations to the customer; and 2) the seller must have obtained an asset from the customer that it can reliably measure. If the asset is not cash, the seller must be reasonably certain of converting it into cash. Only when these two criteria are met can the entity then recognize revenue in their financial system. The sector of Bausch & Lomb, Inc. that was affected by incorrect revenue recognition was conventional lens sales. Conventional lenses fall under the Medical Sector and more generally under the Healthcare segment of the company (Exhibit 1). Since contact lenses do not require additional obligations, such as services or warranties, from the company after they are purchased, once the lenses have been bought, revenue can be recorded. It is presumed that Bausch & Lomb, Inc. operates under an accrual basis of accounting which separates the recognition of revenue with the receipt of cash. Even when the company went to great lengths to extend credit and sell the remainder of their conventional lens inventory to third-party distributors, the transaction is not complete until the delivery is made by Bausch & Lomb. Otherwise, the payment to...
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...opening up of the Indian markets to foreign companies, one of the several products which gained prominence was sunglasses. The credit for enlivening the Indian market must go to the global player, Bausch & Lomb (B&L), the producer of the global brand, Ray Ban. There did exist an Indian market, fairly large. But this was limited basically to low-end or medium range products. Small quantities of high-end glasses were imported. In the recent years several others like Safilo of Italy, Ciba Vision, Johnson & Johnson have entered the market. The total market, estimated at around 4.0 mn pairs in 1990-91 had expanded to a little over 12 mn pairs in 2003-04. The organised segment, constituted of the branded ones, claims a 25% share. The small players are still very active in the lower end of the market. Bausch & Lomb, the Rochester-based American visioncare enterprise for contact lenses and other lens and eye-care products and eye-care solutions established a manufacturing base at Bhiwadi in Rajasthan and commenced production in 1993. This marked the foray of MNCs into the production of sunglasses, contact lenses, spectacle frames and lenscare solutions. B&L was originally formed as a joint venture company with equal equity participation from Montari Industries, an Indian group and Bausch & Lomb of the US. Montari Industries pulled out of this venture. The company landed into rough weather and within first four years it accumulated losses of Rs 210 mn. B&L put in place a strategic...
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...of the industry and its competitive environment, ensuring accurate and focused strategies for your business. market research can be used throughout your entire organisation, including strategic development, marketing, mergers and acquisitions, and brand management. TRENDS * The year 2009 saw increased marketing efforts by the sector leader Bausch & Lomb, and also from Johnson & Johnson, as they looked to increase the use of contact lenses in India and dispel some of the concerns and apprehensions among potential users. Targeting the youth and young adult markets, these companies are focusing on the fashion and feelgood factors associated with using contact lenses rather than their functional benefits. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE * Bausch & Lomb Eyecare India, the subsidiary of the US-based multinational, leads the Indian contact lenses market, although its market share declined over the review period. Bausch & Lomb still accounts for more than half the retail sales of contact lenses in India, because of its strengths in the extended wear subsector and in distribution. By February 2009, the company claimed that Bausch & Lomb lenses were available in more than 5,500 outlets, and it aimed to expand this network to 7,000 outlets during 2009–2010. PROSPECTS * With spectacles remaining popular, sales of contact lenses are expected to continue to grow at a steady pace, with no huge spike in demand, with a CAGR of a 13.7% over the forecast period. Segmentation ...
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...B Bausch & Lomb’s Hazardous Contact Lens Cleaner 1. First, for the sake of customer and also the safety of using, B & L should have given an introduction and explanation to the buyer and also brochure about the correct of using it. If the users are using in a correct way, incidences could be avoided. Always provide the correct way to protect the public is necessary and important. Second, B & L should have established a better system on supervising their products. Supervising their company in Greenville and requiring a higher standard of manufacturing practices is needed. B & L failed to supervise the procedure until the Renu’s problem has been reported. They could have a frequent and regular checking on every stage to confirm whether everything meets the standards. Third, they should have taking immediate reaction to those incidents that had happened in Hong Kong in December 2005. However, B & L waited until April 13, 2006, and only removed all those problem products from their shelves. They should have removed it once the incident occur and find out what is the problem of causing these. If they do so, their sales and other product might not be affected. 2. As the CEO of B & L, Zarrella should withdraw all the products from every store. They should have been taking so much to make the decision of removing. Besides, he took a long time to tackle the issue. Instead of giving an announcement to the public or taking an action, they kept it “silent” to the public. Zarrella...
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...Case Studies CASE 2 RAY-BAN SUNGLASSES: SELECTING THE TARGET AUDIENCE AND THE COMMUNICATION OBJECTIVES Objectives The case has been prepared to help you to appreciate the following: What is an agency brief and what are its various components To profile the market Segments and select the most attractive by carefully analysing the interpreting consumer data Selection of communication objectives and development of a communication strategy to achieve a desired response. Structure 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Objectives Introduction Agency Brief The Need Communication Strategy Discussion Questions 2.1 INTRODUCTION In this case an attempt has been made to help you to appreciate the campaign planning process. This case is in two parts. The first part is the agency brief, in which the company has tried to analyze the marketing problem. The company feels that because Ray-Ban is technologically superior in quality, and recognized by the consumer as such, a product change is not required. The brand is seen as expensive, but the same consumer does pay as much of a premium for top-end brands in other product categories. Therefore there is a need. for the communication to change this consumer perception. The second part of the case is on communication strategy as proposed by the advertising agency, has analyzed and described the complete `planning cycle'. 2.2 THE AGENCY BRIEF Ray-ban was launched in India in mid-1992. Today the brand is doing reasonably well, but still has...
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...Famous Creative Thinkers – Steven Spielberg and Pina Bausch PHL/458 August 4, 2014 Professor Leon Hallingquest Famous Creative Thinkers Famous thinkers all have things in common that help them accomplish greatness during their lives. Creative ideas are the foundation of the creative process. When creative individuals run across a problem that needs to be resolved - this is when they start coming up with their ideas. Problems can have a variety of options for resolution. This paper will cover how film mogul Steven Spielberg and dancer Pina Bausch used their own creative process to motivate people into seeing different issues their way. Famous Creative Thinkers In this paper specific problems and ideas that these individuals sought to solve, and the plans they put into action to resolve these problems will be discussed. Each person’s social, personal, or political environments will be reviewed on how they contributed to their creativity. Additionally, the creative process of each person, including obstacles they faced and a comparison of their creative processes underlying each individual’s work will be reviewed. Lastly, a critique of their ideas will be reviewed answering the questions if they could have done anything differently and if their bodies of work fit into the existing framework of understanding in their respective fields and how their work advanced further understanding in their respective fields. Steven Spielberg Steven Spielberg has been a pivotal force...
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...Week 3 Tiika Massenburg BUS 508 Dr. Alan R. Tillquist January 22, 2013 Sam Goldman and Ned Tozun are entrepreneurs who are started a socially responsible company. Their main goal is to bring light to the more than 1.5 billion people that are without light In 2006, Sam, now the CEO, and Ned, the President, classmates at Stanford’s Graduate School of Business founded D.light Design . Sam was in the Peace Corps in Benin and saw many children injured and burned by kerosene lamp accidents. He wants to eliminate the need for kerosene lamps for the safety of the children.. The team views kerosene as a dirty, dangerous, unreliable and expensive form of lighting that current technology should be working to replace and eliminate. D.light’s mission statement reads, “We will replace every kerosene lantern in the world with high quality and affordable light and power solutions, thereby providing everyone access to a basic human need: safe and bright light (Toder, 2009).” The owners by virtue of trying to supply light to places where kerosene lighting is the leading source of light are more focused on social responsibly than profit. Many of the intended customers will barely be able to afford the product. That customer base alone demonstrates that profit is not the main focus of the company. Since social responsibility is more important than profits the company management style is different than a profit based corporation. The company values customers. Decisions...
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...TELEVISION Television (TV) is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images that can be black-and-white or monochromatic (shades of grey) or multicolored. Images are usually accompanied by sound. "Television" may also refer specifically to a television set, television programming, television transmission. In its early stages of development, television employed a combination of optical, mechanical and electronic technologies to capture, transmit and display a visual image. By the late 1920s, however, those employing only optical and electronic technologies were being explored. All modern television systems rely on the latter, although the knowledge gained from the work on electromechanical systems was crucial in the development of fully electronic television. TRANSPORTATION Transport or transportation is the movement of people , cattle, animals and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, rail, road,water, cable, pipeline, and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Transport is important since it enables trade between peoples, which in turn establishes civilizations. Transport infrastructure consists of the fixed installations necessary for transport, and may be roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals and pipelines, and terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, warehouses, trucking...
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...Candice Allen May 15, 2012 B Period Global Warming Global Warming is an increase in the earth's average atmospheric temperature that causes corresponding changes in climate and that may result from the greenhouse effect. This is a huge problem that affects people all over the world and it is only getting worse every year. This problem is something that can be solved though. There are so many ways societies can help get rid of global warming. People just need to work together and put in some effort and they will eventually see some change for the better. These are a few great ways to better our environment: Replace a regular incandescent light bulb with a compact fluorescent light bulb; Install a programmable thermostat; Clean or replace filters on your furnace and air conditioner; Reduce the number of miles you drive by walking, biking, carpooling or taking mass transit wherever possible; Don't let heat escape from your house over a long period, and choose products that come with little packaging and buy refills when you can. All of those things are just small ways to make a huge difference and they don’t consume a lot of time and don’t take much effort to do. We as humanity can still slow down the rising of temperature on the planet. If this problem does not eventually get taken care of, there are huge social, political, and economic issues that will rise. There are deadly effects of global warming and some of these consist of: the spreading of diseases; Greenhouse gases...
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...Lighting Lighting is an essential aspect of home furnishings that also makes interiors more pleasant and allows tasks and activities to be completed much more easily. Lighting energy and therefore, consumer cost, is a necessary consideration. Lamp is the technical term for what we call commonly a light bulb. A luminaire is the technical term for what is commonly called a lamp or fixture, which is a complete lighting unit. It includes the lamp holder, power connection, and any internal devices such as reflectors. Purposes of Lighting The purposes of residential lighting are: 1. Ambient lighting- needed to perform routine activities 2. Task lighting- needed to perform specific tasks such as reading 3. Decorative lighting- needed to create an aesthetically pleasing environment All three types of lighting are frequently combined in a space, and their purposes may overlap as required by the time of day or the uses of the room. Ambient Lighting- is also referred to as general lighting. It provides uniform light for general purposes but not enough for specific tasks. Ambient light can be direct or indirect. Direct- when direct light is used, nearly 90-100 percent of the light is directed toward the surface to be lit. The direct light shines directly downward from the luminaire. Downlights are fixtures that are installed on the ceiling or wall to cast light below. If...
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...Final Global Business Plan Outline Learning Team A MGT 448 February 20, 2012 Dr. Ken Cromer Final Global Business Plan Outline I. Introduction a. Summary of previous assignments. b. rationale behind choosing China as a target country. c. Recap the Country Risk analysis for highlight II. Determine the marketing mix specific to your selected global product or service a. The marketing mix will include the “P’s”- produce, place, price, and promotion. b. The product is the LED (light-emitting diode), which is a semi-conductor diode that glows when a voltage is applied. c. The product can be used in outdoor lighting, mp3 players, DVD players, computers and televisions. III. A marketing plan that addresses product modification, pricing, promotional programs, distribution channels, and e-business in your chosen country. a. LED modifications include, but not limited to: incandescent flashlight replacement bulbs (everLED). b. Use in the traffic lights and outdoor signs of some cities. c. Many automotive manufacturers are beginning to use LEDs for their headlights. d. Pricing- varies depending on the type of bulb. 1. Can cost anywhere from $20 to $75 for a bulb that projects the same amount of light as a normal 60 watt incandescent bulb. 2. The cost savings is noticed per year compared to the normal light bulbs. e. Promotional...
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