...Alexander the Great: Siege of Tyre Oliver Bolin In January of 332 B.C. Alexander the Great of Macedonia moved in to seize control of Tyre, a Phoenician city, while on his was to eventually move against Egypt. The city of Tyre was located on an island in the Mediterranean Sea, 0.5 miles from the mainland, and was a key port for Egypt. Alexander and the Tyrians had approximately 40,000 troops each; however, the Tyrian Naval forces were much more powerful than what Alexander had with him. Alexander initially attempted to get into the city by stating he wished to offer a sacrifice at the city’s Temple of Melkart. The Tyrians refused Alexander and told him that he could perform the sacrifice at the old city temple on the mainland. Alexander did not accept the refusal and sent messengers, called Heralds, to order the city of Tyre to either surrender or be conquered. In a defiant response the Tyrians killed the Heralds and threw their bodies over the city wall. Alexander was then faced with the difficult challenge of having to attack and conquer an island city that had never been conquered, despite numerous attempts. He knew that he would not be able to take the city with ships as his fleet was small in size when compared to the Tyrian fleet. Another challenge he faced was that the city wall facing the mainland was 150 feet high. Alexander consulted his Generals, looking for alternate methods of attack, and quickly found out that the water between the mainland and...
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...Summary We are working on developing a bike-sharing infrastructure in Vancouver. Our goal is to implement a network with 100 bikes and 10 stations located throughout downtown Vancouver. Mainly around sky-train stations and the busiest streets. Residents and visitors will have access to an easy, convenient and fun means of transportation. Bike2Go will be available 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. The station network will provide twice as many docking points as bicycles, assuring there will be a nearby dock for all users. Our fleet will include robust, practical, and stylish Vanhawk Valour smart bikes. Works Completed We have conducted market research and studied current successful instances of our company in other cities around the world. Users can purchase 24 or 72-hour short-term memberships and receive ride codes to unlock a bicycle. Long-term memberships are ideal for Vancouver residents and can be purchased by the month or the year. Long-term members will receive a card key that can be inserted directly into the bike station to instantly unlock a bike to ride. Riders will pay increments for the total amount of time they have used the bike. After several test drives, and public surveys, we decided to purchase Vanhawks Valour bicycles as our product bicycles. Vanhawks is a Canadian company that manufactures the first carbon fiber smart bike. The Valour features Bluetooth 4.0, Gyroscope, Accelerometer, Magnetometer, Speed sensor, GPS Receiver, Mesh-network, Blindspot...
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...In the future, special AI computers called "Cyber Systems" have been used in racing to help racers improve their abilities and reduce accidents. One of them is a machine called "Asurada", a super-intelligent AI computer developed by Sugo Corporation, which is being targeted by Smith, who wants to use it as a military weapon. As the system is built for racing, Sugo puts Asurada into a car called GSX and delivers it to the Cyber Formula GPX's qualifying round in Fujioka, however, during the delivery, the machine is attacked. The story focuses on a young 14-year-old boy named Hayato Kazami, the son of the designer of the car, who activates Asurada GSX in order to escape from Smith's men. But because of the machine has locked Hayato's driver data, he has no choice but to become a racer for the Sugo Team. In the first qualifier, he races heatly with Naoki Shinjyo from Aoi and ends up in third place. In the second qualifying round, Hayato meets Johji Ohtomo, a racer from Albatross DDT and become good friends. During Hayato's training at night, he is attacked by Smith's men. In the race, Asurada's tire blows up, Hayato barely completes the race in third place. Hayato made it into the final 10 rounds of the Cyber GPX mainly with Asurada's ability and luck, which makes him overconfident. In the first race, he false-started and got a 60-second time penalty. Hayato pushed Asurada too far and was forced to retire. This made him realize that he has next to no skill at all. Hayato went...
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...currently based on a rating system that determines which team is to play in a specific bowl game and what two teams are selected to play against one another for a national title. Recently the CPS has been approved with much debate as to which system is better for the direction of college football. Every sporting event is competitive and it is important that the system reflects competitiveness while fairly recognizing the best. The BCS system is a series of five college football bowl games that features teams selected by different qualifications and polls where only two selected teams face each other for the national title. (CollegeFootbalPoll.com, 2013). The BCS has been around for 12 years marking the 2013 season the last of the BCS system and being replaced in 2014 by the CPS. (CollegeFootballPoll.com, 2013). There are several substantial reasons why the BCS system needed to be replaced with the CPS and why a playoff system is better for such a large sporting attraction with a great amount of teams, players, and fan base. The BCS system consisted of establishing rankings of eligible teams by two different polls, the Harris Interactive Poll and the Coaches Poll. (CollegeFootballPoll.com, 2013). The Harris Interactive Poll consists of 105 voting members who vote using a point system to determine rankings from 1 to 25 beginning every year on October 13 and...
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...One of the most important developments of humankind has been writing, but often people are unaware of how long and complicated this path has been. The history of writing records the development of expressing language by letters or other marks. It is believed that Mesopotamia is the birthplace for the first recorded words of history. Another belief is that the first recorded words were inscribed to promote the power of the temples and kings in the expanding city-states. I believe that development of writing was started many years back. We can look at document The Art of Chauvet Cave for an example. This spectacular discovery has been dated back to about 35,000 years ago and when it was discovered back in 1994 in southwestern France, they were labeled the oldest prehistoric cave paintings known in Europe. I believe the animals and humans drawn within the caves, was symbolic of the gathering and hunting that the homo sapiens depended on so greatly for survival, around the same period the paintings were crafted in. Not only that, but is it possible that the homo sapiens were also trying to tell stories of their livelihood through these paintings they left on the wall of the caves? When reading Problems in the Study of Hunters and Gatherers, I come to the conclusion it is very possible. I quote, “One of the challenges in studying the origins of humanity is that the evidence is incomplete.” There is, however, stable evidence of writings in The Origins of Writing According to...
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...WHY THE BCS SYSTEM HAS TO BE CHANGED There are many controversies in the world of college athletics, such as the idea of paying athletes and unethical recruiting. However the most discussed problem is the Bowl Championship Series, or BCS for short. The BCS is a way of deciding a national champion in college football. Teams are ranked one through twenty-five, with the top two teams appearing in the championship game. There are five BCS bowl games in total; the Sugar, Fiesta, Rose, Orange, and the National Championship. The Bowl Championship Series take many factors into account in determining the rankings of teams. The most important factors are wins and losses, followed by strength of opponents. This is why teams from weaker conferences, like Boise State, who have comparable records to the top teams are left out of the National Championship game. Boise State is from the Mountain West Conference, which is considered to be one of the weakest in all of division one. This team routinely goes undefeated or suffers one loss, but is passed over by teams from stronger conferences. Boise State usually dominates the other teams in its conference, however their victories are seen as that impressive because of the level of competition that they face. This is part of the argument against the BCS system, that it does not give teams from lesser conferences an equal opportunity to win the national title. `One would think that having an undefeated record would be enough to earn a...
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...to put the world where it is today. Today’s world is based on technology and, most of it is from China. (1) Identify eight to ten of these useful inventions or contributions Several useful inventions or contributions come from China. One of the most significant and known to almost everyone is row planting, which was started in the 6th century BC (Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development, 2005). As they made this invention, it was believed that plants in rows grew stronger and faster with less wind damage. Wind passed through the well developed lines without damaging the crops. Another invention was the compass done in 4th century BC (Frater, 2007). Although the first compass was facing the south, it helped as direct finder and a divination tool. The seed drill was used in 2nd century BC to help the Chinese farmers to plant their seeds at a standardized depth, and cover them (Frater, 2007). This ensures that there is no waste as no seeds are left uncovered and planting is done at a fast rate. Additionally, the growth of the seeds was uniform as the depth is the same. Deep drilling was invented in the 1st century BC and helped in digging boreholes of depths up to 4800 feet (Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development, 2005)....
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...Strategies for Supporting Young Writer and English Language Learners Sandra Williams EDU675 Change Leadership for Differentiated Educational Environment Professor: Dr. Regina Miller June 3, 2010 Introduction Children who start preschool programs are identified as young learners. They enter a formal schooling with different levels of knowledge about writing. Many students are exposed to write daily by observing family members writing lists, typing sentences on the computer, or doing homework. Some students may know less about why or how others may write. However, regardless of their level of knowledge many young students benefit from having their own personal stories written down to share with other students’. Teachers demonstrate to students how each of their personal experiences and stories are valuable, and they can preserve their stories by writing. This paper will show two important strategies that can support young students’ writers through dictation and translating. Taking Dictation Most parents or adults take dictation when they listen to their children and will write down their child’s oral stories before the child can write on their own. Some of the benefits of dictation are well documented (Temple, 1993; Calkins, 1994; Tunks & Giles, 2007). Taking dictation when children are telling their story is crucial to introducing the student to the intention of writing and the functions of printed language. Through dictation students learn the general purpose...
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...College of Tourism – Varna Cultural Heritage of the Thracians [pic] Written by: Tsvetan 2010 Bulgarian treasures Once upon a time the Thracians inhabited Bulgarian lands. Millennia after, their ancient and mysterious culture revealed its true magnificence. In the last few decades a number of significant collections of Thracian treasures have been discovered in present-day Bulgaria, providing much of our present knowledge of ancient Thrace. Golden mask of a Thracian king Bulgaria’s ancient Thracian heritage was thrust into the spotlight in 2004 with a number of key archaeological discoveries in the so-called Valley of the Thracian Kings. A team of Bulgarian archaeologists, led by Professor Georgi Kitov, discovered a 2400-year old golden mask in the tomb of an ancient Thracian king on August 19. The mask bears the image of a human face and is made of 500 grams of solid gold. The discovery was made near the town of Shipka, in the heart of the Stara Planina Mountain. Dozens of Thracian mounds are spread throughout this region, which archaeologists have called ‘the Bulgarian valley of the kings,’ a reference to the Valley of the Kings near Luxor, which is home to the tombs of Egyptian Pharaohs. “The unique mask looks even better than the famous image of King Agamemnon, the Greek anti-hero described by Homer in the Iliad,” Kitov said after making the discovery. “This is the first Thracian mask of solid...
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...Athens and Sparta existed from 2000 B.C. to 404 B.C. Sparta came around when the helots were conquered in a village that was named Sparta which became their capital. Athens were sea traders and were big on trade, which might have been a reason why their city-state came about. Sparta was located in a village down in a valley. They were a rigid and highly militarized society. Their location may have helped explain why Sparta developed different from Athens. Athens was an attic peninsula that was built inland. Their city-state was built around the rocky hill of Acropolis. Sparta was ruled by two kinds. One king led the army, while the other took care of the matters at home. The Council of Elders were made up of 28 male citizens over 60. They were usually wealthy and high in power. They proposed laws and served as a criminal court. An assembly consisted of all male citizens over 30 voted on those laws proposed by the Council of Elders to accept or reject them. The helots in Sparta hated the Spartans and what they did, because they had no say and were treated as a low class. Athens was a democracy ruled by Cleisthenes. What he first did was divide Athen’s citizens into 10 tribes. Then each tribe chose 50 men. And those men formed what we call the Council of Five Hundred. The members served for one year and couldn’t be chosen more than twice. They proposed laws to the assembly, but the assembly had the final word. The court became more democratic also. Jurors were citizens chosen by...
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...In looking into the background of ostracism and its true purpose alongside the other Archaic Greek traditions in Athens of expulsion, exile, and ἀτιμία, there are several primary sources I will be using. However, the topic has its challenges. Since it covers a period where most of our surviving sources have been written sometimes centuries after the period they are writing about it is hard to find true primary source writings. The first primary source I will be using for my paper is Herodotus’ Histories. He is the first extant source for this period in Archaic Greece and through the Persian Wars, which is when the law of ostracism was enacted. His work is a very broad look into what he thought were the reasons that led to the clash between the Greeks and Persians, and as such is not particularly detailed or focused on ostracism itself. However, he does mention its use and in one case even seems to give a hint to his feelings about it: “… Aristides son of Lysimachus, an Athenian, crossed over from Aegina. Although he had been ostracized by the people, I, learning by inquiry of his character, have come to believe that he was the best and most just man in Athens.” It seems that he does not agree with the ostracism, noting Aristides’ good character and usefulness to Athens as a leader. This use of ostracism against Athens’ “best and brightest” seems to be a reoccurring theme throughout the entire period until it falls into disuse. I do not know if this might show a bias against...
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...P.102 The values held by Homer to give meaning to life in the Homeric Age were predominantly heroic values- the strength, skill, and valor of the dominating warrior. Such was the earliest meaning of arête, “excellence” or “virtue”, a term whose meaning changed as values changed during the course of Greek culture. To obtain arête- defined by one Homeric hero as “to fight ever in the forefront and outdo my companions”- and the undying fame that was its reward, men would endure hardship, struggle, and even death. Honor was the just reward for one who demonstrated arête, and the greatest of human injustices was the denial of honor due to a great hero. Homer makes such denial the theme of the Illiad,- the disastrous results of Achilles’s decision to withdraw from battle after he had been denied honor by King Agamemnon. P. 107 In fifth-century Athens, scholars estimate that one out of every four persons was a slave. Some were war captives and others were children of slaves, but most came from outside Greece through slave dealers. No large collections of slaves were used on agricultural estates. Small landowners might own one or more slaves, who worked in the fields alongside their masters. Those who owned many slaves often hired them out to private individuals or to the state, where they worked alongside Athenian citizens and received comparable wages. P. 113 The Greeks were the first to formulate many of the European culture’s fundamental concepts of politics, philosophy, science...
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...GKE Task 1 Development of Societies The Nile River was a major environmental structure that contributed to the early development of society in Egypt. The Nile had such predictable flooding and recession patterns that farmers were able to create a yearly calendar based on them. This assisted them with knowing when to plant and harvest crops. Knowing when the water levels would be high enabled them to build reservoirs for crop irrigation during the times when there was less water. The river also contained silt, a mineral which enhanced the soil and the crops that grew along the banks. (Orlin, 2010, p. 284) Some of the major crops that were utilized included beans, cotton, wheat, barley, emmer, and papyrus, a reed that was used to make things like baskets, sandals, and boats. (Association, 2014) The Nile River opens to the Mediterranean Sea with dessert surrounding the east and west sides. Due to this layout, farmers were confident that their land and crops were protected from invasions. With this security they were able to focus on learning about their crops, excelling a food production, and eventually learned to do things like make clothing from cotton. (Association, 2014) Diffusion between Societies Chariots, two wheeled horse-drawn carts were first used by the Indo-Iranians in 2000 BCE. They were made of solid, heavy wood and held together with wood pegs. Being made of such substantial material could make them very difficult to turn and control. (Carney, 2014) Around...
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...Courtesans and Fishcakes written by James Davidson explore the ancient Greek culture of the Athenians and elaborate on not only the desire for sex, but the appetites of life. Author James Davidson is a professor in the Department of Classics and Ancient History at the University of Warwick. In his biography, it says that he is a regular contributor to the London Review of Book and the author of the award winning The Greeks and Greek Love. Courtesans and Fishcakes is divided into four parts: Feasts, Desire, The Citizen, and The City. Within each part of the book, there are multiple sub-sections that go into depth about the particular section of each ‘chapter’. In Part I: Feasts, Davidson goes into some background of the ancient Greek culture of Athens, and their preferences of eating and drinking. In Part II: Desires, Davidson talks about the interactions between men and women, and the purchase and selling of sex. Also included in Courtesans and Fishcakes are multiple maps of Athens and ancient art work including pottery and paintings. Part III: The Citizen explains the characteristics of the different types of people that are living in Athens. Also explained in Part III is the economic situation as it relates to fish, drink, and sex. In Part IV: The City, Davidson brushes over the Politics and Society, Politics and Politicians, and the Tyranny and Revolution in ancient Greek culture. In his final section, Davidson explains the different classes in Athens by also explaining the...
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...and never stop to think where these items were invented. So what are some of the amazing things the Ancient Chinese have invented? Well to answer this question and to explain all of the different inventions that the Chinese have brought to us would really be a mouthful. So I will explain the top ten in my list. And they are the following: • Row Planting • The Compass • Gunpowder • Paper • Seismograph • The Wheelbarrow • Kites • Silk • Seed Drill • Hang Gliders Thank You Ancient Chinese Now allow me explain these marvels. Row planting was first planted in 6th century BC. This way of planting allows the crops to grow faster and stronger and they also realized that as the wind travels there is less damage in crops planted in rows due to the wind passing through gently. It is also more efficient in watering, weeding and harvesting the crops. The compass was created in 4th century BC and was made of lodestone. The compass was first used by fortune-tellers before it was applied to the cardinal direction. Then the Chinese’s started using the compass to point to the south because they considered south not north their cardinal direction. Gunpowder has been credited to certain Chinese alchemists around 9th century but the legend has it as gunpowder being accidently discovered by alchemists looking for a concoction that could create immortality in humans. Paper was invented in AD...
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