...Master programme in Economic Growth, Innovation and Spatial Dynamics Corporate social responsibility as an organizational innovation: a comparative analysis of its implementation in the institutional frameworks of Sweden and the United Kingdom Klara Simcikova klara.simcikova.111@student.lu.se Abstract: Corporate social responsibility is a management concept originating from the Anglo-Saxon background and associated with the tradition of arm’s length relations between business and institutions in society. However, different institutional systems handle organizational innovations in dissimilar ways, and in the age of globalization, national institutions often interact with global ones. This study discusses how these mechanisms might affect CSR’s implementation in contrasting institutional frameworks – that is, Sweden and the UK, and finds that while explicit CSR seems to have converged, likely due to global pressures for equivalence, on a more fundamental level, domestic institutions remain major actors in influencing what version of CSR will develop. Even though the use of the concept, practices and motivation may appear similar, important differences emerge. CSR in Sweden seems to have a normative justification and an international focus due to the Swedish tradition of corporatist integration whereas in the UK, CSR is justified instrumentally, with a national focus, and is viewed as a complement to or substitute to state action. Key words: Corporate social responsibility,...
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...Objective The purpose of this report is to conduct an External Environmental analysis influencing UK Fashion retail company Primark. The report reviews Political, environmental, societal, technological and legal factors that could affect the functioning of the retail chain. The analysis is then used to draw a conclusion on opportunities and threats that are faced by the company. Primark - An Overview Launched in 1969 on Mary Street, Dublin as ‘Penny’s’, Primark is an Irish retailer with 254 stores across Ireland, United Kingdom, Austria, Belgium, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain & Portugal. Headquartered in Dublin, the company is a subsidiary of Associated British Foods Plc. Their product categories include ladies wear, menswear, children’s wear, lingerie, fashion accessories, cosmetics and home products. Primarily the company’s merchandize is made specifically for its own brands, but they also stocks certain products from other well known brands like Haribo sweets, Disney, Warner Brothers & Nivea. Primark’s business model includes faster turnaround of product lines at cheap prices. It prides itself as a brand that sells ‘Fast Fashion’ and targets its product towards customers who are looking for bargain shopping. Its apparel product lines typically showcase simple fabrics and designs in popular sizes. Primark launches it stores in high street locations and the all product categories/lines are stocked in bulk at each location. Its main market competitors include...
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...De Beers' Multifaceted Strategy Shift Faced with such challenges as new sources of competition and suspicion about conflict diamonds, Gareth Penny had to rethink the basics A diamond may be forever, as De Beers' famous advertising slogan contends, but is the same true of a business model? That was the question facing Gareth Penny, managing director of De Beers, in the late 19'90s, when the famed diamond cartel found itself beset by a series of events that ultimately forced it to examine and then retool its business strategy. Since the company was founded in 1888, De Beers followed a strategy of supply control. In addition to mining its own diamonds, it bought diamonds from other producers and had what it called the "central selling organization," controlling some 90% of the world's diamonds. Its tight control over such a vast amount of supply enabled De Beers to keep prices high for a commodity that is neither particularly scarce nor useful. If a competitor offered diamonds on the market outside of De Beers' central selling organization, De Beers would simply flood the market with similar stones, thus eliminating any pricing power the competitor might offer. By the end of the 1990s, the business model of controlling supply and managing how much of its inventory went to market at any time was no longer effective: New sources of diamonds were discovered in sufficient quantity that they could be sold competitively outside of De Beers' central selling organization. Demand for...
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... | |Summer 2014/2015 | | | | | |Individual Report on the | |Ann Taylor Case Analysis | |Survival in Speciality Retail | | | |[pic] | | | |...
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...Name & Surname 1. Molefi Nyofane 2. Wayne Fisher 3. Wilson Nkunjana 4. Kamohelo Makhetha 5. Bulelani Mini Student numbers 200618193 201002263 201001767 201238497 201005015 About the report: This report analyses and evaluates the Pick n Pay (PnP) Stores Limited strategy with reference to the company’s division which covers Gauteng, Free State and Northern Cape Province retail stores. However, we used Gauteng stores for the analysis of PnP’s strategies. This report critically evaluates the PnP vision, mission and values within context of their internal and external environment. A proper strategy of a company should have achievable, realistic, and measurable strategic objectives. Therefore, PnP strategic objectives are analyzed based on these factors. The strategy sustainable growth with reference to the social, ethical and environmental duties that PnP should consider in their strategic formation will be also be evaluated. Lastly the report critically evaluates the implementation of the strategy of PnP Stores Limited with reference to the division mentioned The region contributes 60% percent of the company turnover and there are about 170 stores in total across these three provinces. 5/12/2014 Strategic Analysis Report Indemnity Declaration: We, The Strategic Management BCom Honours students at the University of Johannesburg declare that this report will not be used for any publication whatsoever, and that all the information given to us by Pick n Pay’s managers and...
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...news: the implications of electronic commerce for logistics and freight transport Markus Hesse * Department of Earth Sciences, Geographic Sciences and Urban Research, Free University of Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany Accepted 24 June 2002 Abstract The paper considers the significance of electronic commerce (e-commerce) for freight transport, logistics and physical distribution, regarding both business to business and business to consumer commerce. The possible implications of e-commerce are analysed in the broader context of structural change, going beyond narrow assessments that overstate the significance of e-commerce and its potential to make freight traffic more efficient. The main argument of the paper is threefold: first, most recent analyses of freight transport and logistics implications of e-commerce are overstating the current relevance of e-commerce applications on the one hand, and neglecting the influence of the underlying structural change in the entire logistics system on the other. Second, conventional analyses of certain efficiency benefits of ecommerce are probably too optimistic, whereas its negative effects are underestimated at the same time. E-commerce is likely to support longer transport distances and often higher delivery frequencies, increasing demand for land, due to the establishment of new transhipment points (distribution centres) and, to a certain extent, a shift towards truck and air freight transport modes. Third, e-commerce...
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...COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RETAIL SECTOR IN THE UK DEPARTMENT OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY: COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RETAIL SECTOR IN THE UK Report submitted to The Department of Trade and Industry (Tender CGS/1239) Professors Steve Burt and Leigh Sparks Institute for Retail Studies University of Stirling Stirling FK9 4LA Scotland, UK Phone: 44 (0)1786 467386 Fax: 44 (0)1786 465290 E-Mail: s.l.burt@stir.ac.uk ; Leigh.Sparks@stir.ac.uk Revised for Seminar - January 2003 DEPARTMENT OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY: COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RETAIL SECTOR IN THE UK Contents 0 Executive Summary I Background and Framework for Analysis II Competitive Analysis – the UK Retail Sector III Summary and Policy Recommendations IV Appendix – Analysis of Retail Sub-Sectors EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 0.1 Background and Framework for Analysis In early 2002 the Institute for Retail Studies at the University of Stirling was commissioned to carry out a ‘Competitive Analysis of the Retail Sector in the UK’ (tender CGS/1239) based on secondary sources and restricted to the UK rather than international comparisons. The project had three objectives: · to define and map the sector in terms of size and composition of the businesses which operate within it; · to analyse the competitiveness of the sector now through SWOT, PEST and Porter's 5 forces and any other appropriate means and summarise the key issues facing the sector as a whole, and also sub-sector specific issues;...
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...Economics I Chapter 1: Economics for business ‘David Begg and Damian Ward – Economics for business’ 1.1 What is economics? Economics how individuals, firms, governments and economies deal with the problem of infinite wants and finite resources, it is the study of how the society resolve the problems of scarcity. Microeconomics: addresses the various market influences that impact upon a firm’s revenues and costs. Macroeconomics: addresses the economy-level issues which similarly affect a firm’s revenues and costs. Infinite wants: limitless desires to consume goods and services (big house, luxury car, designer shoes). Finite resources: limited amount of resources that enable the production and purchase of goods and services (salary, consulting fees, royalties from book, generous friends). Factors of productions: are resources needed to make goods and services: land (oil, gas, base metals), labour (China/India or Europe), capital (machinery, computers, office spare, retail shops) and enterprise (brings land, labour and capital together and organize them into business units that produce goods and services with the objective of making a profit, like shareholders). Production possibility frontier it shows the maximum number of products that can be produced by an economy with a given amount of resources. This illustrative tool can be used to highlight crucial economic concepts: Finite resources with a fixed quantity of resources an infinite amount of beer, or pizzas, cannot be...
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...merchandise retailer. It is a third largest retailer in the world. It has stores in 12 countries across Asia and Europe and is the grocery market leader in the UK, Ireland, Hungary, Malaysia, and Thailand. Mission Tesco’s business was built with a simple mission – to be the champion for customers, helping them to enjoy a better quality of life and an easier way of living. This hasn’t changed. Customers want great products at great value which they can buy easily and it’s Tesco job to deliver this in the right way for them. That’s why we’ve chosen ‘Serving Britain’s shoppers a little better every day’ as the new core purpose. As a business, serving customers is at the heart of everything we do – from colleagues in its stores to those of its in supporting roles. In the UK, Tesco serve some 66 shoppers every second, so it’s Tesco goal to ensure every one of those customers experiences just a little better service on each visit. PESTLE Using PESTLE analysis to analyse to business environment of Tesco. Political Many governments encourage retailers to create more career opportunities for the domestic population. So Tesco plays its role in providing employment opportunities, it also increases the demand for its products and diversifies its workforce. Economic Tesco is concerning any changing in policies, such as taxation. Although Tesco is growing internationally, it is still concern the UK market where it has a market share of around 30%. It helps Tesco to expand its brand...
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...supported with marketing definitions from three different sources and what is meant by a marketing orientation and marketing process. Secondly, an introduction of Tesco the organisation the report will be focusing on throughout the report. Within the report there are some tables and graphs used to support the answers to some of the assessment criteria. The fundamental concepts and principles that underpin the marketing process are discussed and the use of environmental analysis in marketing, while the narrator carries out their own analyses at both macro and micro levels. The report investigates the importance of market segmentation and how this leads to the identification and full specification of target groups. It then considers buyer behaviour and positioning. The main elements of both the original and the extended marketing mix are then looked at. An introduction to the concept of the product life cycle, new product development, pricing strategies, distribution options and the promotion mix have all been discussed. Finally the narrator has developed marketing mixes to meet the needs of different target groups. The report includes the differences when marketing services as opposed to goods and examines marketing to businesses instead of consumers and the development of international markets. The report concludes by summarising the principles of marketing and recommendations on what an organisation can do to maintain growth. Evolution of Marketing The report firstly looks at...
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...RUNNING HEADER: Social, Political and Economic Forces Explain how social, political and economic forces have influenced organization and the practice of management Maxine Williams Portmore Community College, Old Harbour 3 December 2009 Introduction The social, political and economic forces do indeed influence how organizations operate as well as the practice of management. When an organization plans to conduct marketing activities or expand its market, it is recommended that they conduct SWOT analysis to find out its strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats in order to move forward. They do this by evaluating the social, political and economic forces in the environment. In addition, the practice of management is influenced by the social environment e.g. cultural climate in a country and an organization. It is further influenced by the political environment such as trade regulations, wage legislation, political instability et al. The economic factors will also influence the practice of management by the economic growth rate, labour costs, the skill level of workers et al. The author will discuss these factors in greater detail throughout the body of the paper. Defining the Social, Political and Economic Forces The social environmental factors include the demographic and cultural aspects of the external macro-environment. These factors affect customer needs and the size of potential markets. Political factors include government regulations...
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...BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Submitted By: Submitted To: Table of Contents Introduction 3 2. LO1 Understand the organisational purposes of businesses 4 2.1 purposes of different types of organisation (P1.1) 4 2.2 Extent to which Tesco Plc meets the objectives of different stakeholders (P 1.2) 5 2.3 Various responsibilities of Tesco Plc as an organisation and the strategies it employs to meet the objectives of the stakeholders (P1.3) 6 3. Nature of the national environment in which business operates (LO2) 9 3.1 How different economic systems attempt to allocate resources effectively (P 2.1) 9 3.2 Impact of Fiscal and monetary policy on the activities of Tesco PLC (P 2.2). 10 3.3 Impact of competition policy and other regulatory mechanisms on the activities of Tesco Plc (P 2.3). 11 3.3.1 Impact of competition policy ON THE ACTIVITIES OF TESCO PLC 11 3.3.2 Impact of regulatory mechanisms on the activities of Tesco Plc 12 4. Understand the behaviour of the organizations in their market environment (LO3). 13 4.1 explain how market structures determine the pricing and output decisions of TEsco plc (P 3.1). 13 4.2 How market forces shape Tesco PLC UK responses using a range of examples (P 3.2). 14 4.3 Explain how the business and cultural environments shape the behaviour of Tesco PLC UK (P 3.3). 15 5. Significance of the global factors that shape national business activities (LO4) 16 5.1 SIGNIFICANCE of international trade to Tescos PLC UK ( P 4...
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...SHRI RAM COLLEGE OF COMMERCE A STUDY ON FACTORS INFLUENCING INDIVIDUAL INVESTOR BEHAVIOUR Project work Paper No. – CH 6.3 (b) (Submitted for Partial Fulfillment Towards Requirement of B.COM (HONS.) Course) Ashvi Mittal 12BC136 12072204129 E-21 2014-15 UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF Miss Ankita Tomar Assistant Professor Department of Commerce Shri Ram College of Commerce University of Delhi 1 DECLARATION BY STUDENT This is to certify that the material embodied in this study entitled “A STUDY ON FACTORS INFLUENCING INDIVIDUAL INVESTOR BEHAVIOUR” is based on my own research work and my indebtedness to other work/publications has been acknowledged at the relevant places. This study has not been submitted elsewhere either wholly or in part for award of any degree. Ashvi Mittal B.Com(H) Section-E 12BC136 2 DECLARATION BY TEACHER INCHARGE This is to certify that the project titled “A STUDY ON FACTORS INFLUENCING INDIVIDUAL INVESTOR BEHAVIOUR” done by Ashvi Mittal is a part of her academic curriculum for the degree of B.Com(H). It has no commercial implication and is done only for academic purpose. Mrs Aruna Jha Miss Ankita Tomar (Teacher in- charge’s name and signature) signature) 3 (Mentor’s name and Signature) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I feel great pleasure in expressing my gratitude to my mentor Miss Ankita Tomar of Commerce Department, Shri Ram College of...
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...1 Technology 1. Online purchasing enables cross-border trading activity. This, Nullifies the constraints of business location, scale and time zone. 2. With better technology, shipment of goods from one type of transport to another will be easy. 3. Reduced cost of long distance transport through improved efficiencies and reduced labour requirements. This result in cheaper goods available to consumers. 4. Save time to travel to shopping centres and provide wide range of items than traditional retail shop 5. Retail industry is in decline as users change to online purchasing. This is expected to get worse with the possible increase use of internet. 6. Sophisticated US internet retailers found that with a few tweaks to their websites and some negotiations with logistics suppliers, they had become global internet retailers. 7. The Australian consumers now purchase goods from US, which was not accessible before. 8. Sometimes search engine helped them to find the products at the best price. 9. The technology helped the retailers to identify the consumers behaviour patterns and have their prior purchase history and help them to “see” the products in their home setting 10. Consumers have access to global pricing and they are likely to check online before making the purchase Economy 1. The global financial crises forced US business to look for source of revenue outside their normal channel. This result in direct competition with Australian retailers...
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...of us. Insurance is no longer an unexciting business and the insurance advisor an apologetic salesman. New entries have actually changed the rules of the game in the insurance industry. One such change that has made a huge positive impact in the minds of Indian consumers is the product innovation by the insurance companies. New products are being launched; new distribution channels opened and thousands of sales advisers and managers are being recruited every month. This rapid change is demanding new regulations, new methods of management, new methods of operation and ofcourse considerable development in knowledge, attitude and skills of the workforce. Such times demand business/ output focused people who think widely, are confident about taking risks and decisions and prioritise their own and others’ actions to achieve the business need. Without these attributes the growth pattern that has begun will not be sustained. So are these attributes being developed in people? People know what they should do but they do not necessarily know how to do it. This study is well ahead to evaluate the effectiveness of Insurance Advisors. *, * * Faculty in Prestige Institute of Management, Gwalior * * * , * * * * , * * * * * Alumni, Prestige Institute of Management, Gwalior Introduction Today’s insurance market is increasingly complicated, with a rapid trend toward the diversification and commoditization of insurance products. As insurance companies diversify their product portfolios, agents...
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