...Security and ICT Audit Assignment 2 12-11-2012 A business continuity plan is the totality of plans made to recover the business operations following a disaster. A disaster is an event that causes a significant and perhaps prolonged disruption in the system availability. In this case the disaster is a fire which burned the office to the ground. Nothing could be salvaged from the ashes. There are a few measures included in the Business Continuity Plan of this travel agency, in order to provide an effective response. In this way they are still able to serve their customers and to continue their business operations. One of the key elements of a BCP is to consider what processes are critical and how quickly they should be resumed. In this way, you know what processes should be given priority and which may be delayed. By taking the critical processes as a basis, you can identify the critical resources and record them in the BCP. Those are the resources that are absolutely necessary to run the critical processes at an acceptable level. Measures: * From an IT process perspective: * Back-ups of the entire IT environment should be created frequently and tested periodically. Databases may contain e.g. information regarding reservations/bookings made, booking history, client databases and destinations. IT applications used for operational activities may also be recovered. * It should be possible to replace the back-up on new IT equipment. * From a facilities...
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...Critical Thinking Worksheet Associate Level Material Appendix I Critical Thinking Worksheet Chose one of the following scenarios: You are a member of a group working on a class project. The group members are enthusiastic about the project and arrange a meeting time to begin planning. You forget to mark your calendar and miss the meeting. The group posts a summary of the meeting with assignments and deadlines for the project. You apologize to the group and agree to complete the topic research for the project. You realize you have a paper due in another course on the same day your research is due and concentrate most of your time on your individual assignment. The paper takes longer than you thought, and you are unable to conduct research for the group project by the deadline. You feel bad about this and do not respond to inquiries from group members. You post a message to the group explaining you are having computer problems. The group expresses their empathy and proceeds without you, completing, and submitting the project with your name included. Write five questions to help you think through the situation and determine a course of action. Question 1: What the projected timeline assigned for this project from start to finish? * Question 2: Which group member appointed note taker? This would make it easier for me to ask for the notes or any updates from. * Question 3: What could have corrected or did something in a different way so I can have done my...
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...I. The Pre-Analysis: A. Perspective: 1. Describe the perspective of the author(s) of the case study and the possible biases that might result from that perspective: The author, Archie B. Carroll is professor at University of Georgia. He may neither work for any company nor be a significant decision-maker in a company. Therefore, he analysis and perspective may different from perspective of important decision-makers. Since he is a professor, he may not know much about car and tire and the difference impact of different tires on different car. He may be a loyal customer of Ford, so he may bias toward Ford and give favorable information and perspective for Ford. 2. My perspective as the analyst: Ford is one of my favorite brands because of its bold image. Therefore, I may be more interested in favorable facts and deny negative numbers of Ford. I don’t know much about automobiles, so I may not understand the consequences of tire tread separation when driving. B. State what you are bracketing: They would do bad things to lower the costs of tire which led to tire tread separation. They would have blamed each other and their customers for their own fault. They would keep all customers’ complaint and lawsuit private from public. They would continue to use low quality tires. II. The Situation : A. List the facts relevant to the issue(s) identified: • The first lawsuit against Firestone was in 1991. • Lori Lazarus was trapped in her car and rescued...
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...How Bias influences critical thinking? A decision I have made that was influenced by bias would be when I decided to move out and it backfired on me. The decision was made when I was just out of high school and I was almost positive that I could make it on my own working a part time job. While weighing out the pros and cons of moving out, I decided to take on this large task. When I was thinking about it, I looked at the amount going out, such as rent, car payment and insurance, all utilities and food and gas. What I didn’t look at was being able to support the other necessities such as clothing, furniture which wasn’t really a small thing but needed, and supplies involved with cleaning. Not being able to make those purchases needed to make it and not being aware, I took what I owned and decided to start this new venture. The move went great as I took my truck and trailer and loaded up the stuff I owned without even thinking about pricing other furniture needed. Once everything was moved in, I started looking for stuff to fill the gaps in my apartment. That is where it went downhill. Finding out the pricing of these things made the decision to move out so soon a little premature. I chose the backfire effect for my topic because it was the best and not so smart decision I made in my life as all people have done at least once or twice. It was hard to swallow my pride and move back home, but it was the best decision at the time and made me a better person in the end. Being able...
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...Critical Thinking Today’s society is so caught up in the day-to- activities that individuals tend to forget how one thinks. We make choices, create ideas, come up with conclusions, and make decisions based on other people’s opinions. Everyone thinks but much of our thinking can be bias, unclear, partial, and uninformed. These often need careful thought and that is where critical thinking comes in. Thinking is often casual and informal, whereas critical thinking purposely evaluates the quality of thinking. Critical thinking is the ability to think for oneself and being able to make decisions that affect one’s life. Critical thinking is being able to use information, experiences, observation, and reasoning to guide one’s decisions, actions, and beliefs. According to Luke Muehlhauser there are sixteen techniques to critical thinking: “clarify, be accurate, be precise, be relevant, know your purpose, identify assumptions, check your emotions, empathize, know your own ignorance, be independent, think through implications, know your own biases, suspend judgment, consider the opposition, recognize cultural assumptions, and be fair not selfish” (2007, para. 8). These techniques are very helpful but sometimes can fall between the cracks. “Even when using tools and techniques to help with this, we tend to think about specific techniques of 'decision making' or 'idea generation' rather than the wider process of thinking” (Anonymous, 1995-2010, para. 2). If someone uses...
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...An Analysis of Negotiation Processes February 10, 2011 Introduction Kelly is a Canadian who holds a college degree and has spent some time in Japan as a child. She was excited to learn of an opportunity to work in this country for one year. The position of interest requires working closely with Japanese educators who are teaching English. The program provides a contract that provides specifics on salary, working hours, and benefits, to include sick days and personal holidays. Cathy travels to Japan after being accepted and discovers that she will be working with Mark, also from Canada, Andrea, and American, and Suzanne, from Great Britain. However, she is made aware of cultural differences very quickly because the Japanese people voluntarily work long hours without pay, to include working on weekends. Moreover, Mr. Higashi, the head coordinator of the program frequently insists that Kelly and her co-workers take part of Japanese cultural events and they are resentful because they feel that Mr. Higashi is trying to make them conform. In addition to the cultural conflicts, Kelly and her peers are also disliked by the Japanese workers because they believe that everyone should show dedication to their jobs by working long hours without pay. Needless to say, the foreigners do not agree and are committed to honoring what’s contained in their contracts only. Things begin to go awry when Kelly calls out sick while experiencing flu-like symptoms. Mr. Higashi responds...
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...Associate Level Material Appendix I Critical Thinking Worksheet Chose one of the following scenarios: You are a member of a group working on a class project. The group members are enthusiastic about the project and arrange a meeting time to begin planning. You forget to mark your calendar and miss the meeting. The group posts a summary of the meeting with assignments and deadlines for the project. You apologize to the group and agree to complete the topic research for the project. You realize you have a paper due in another course on the same day your research is due and concentrate most of your time on your individual assignment. The paper takes longer than you thought, and you are unable to conduct research for the group project by the deadline. You feel bad about this and do not respond to inquiries from group members. You post a message to the group explaining you are having computer problems. The group expresses their empathy and proceeds without you, completing and submitting the project with your name included. Write five questions to help you think through the situation and determine a course of action. Question 1: How much time was allotted for the completion of this project? * Question 2: Who in the group could I have gotten notes from in order to make my portion easier? * Question 3: Am I trying to do too much outside of school which is affecting my schoolwork? * Question 4: What can I do differently to make sure I am doing my part...
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...collect the information. The choice to a large extent depends on the preliminaries to data collection some of the commonly used methods are discussed below. 1. Direct Personal observation: This is a very general method of collecting primary data. Here the investigator directly contacts the informants, solicits their cooperation and enumerates the data. The information are collected by direct personal interviews. The novelty of this method is its simplicity. It is neither difficult for the enumerator nor the informants. Because both are present at the spot of data collection. This method provides most accurate information as the investigator collects them personally. But as the investigator alone is involved in the process, his personal bias may influence the accuracy of the data. So it is necessary that the investigator should be honest, unbiased and experienced. In such cases the data collected may be fairly accurate. However, the method is quite costly and time-consuming. So the method should be used when the scope of enquiry is small. 2. Indirect Oral Interviews : This is an indirect method of collecting primary data. Here information are not collected directly from the source but by interviewing persons closely related with the problem. This method is applied to apprehend culprits in case of theft, murder etc. The informations relating to one's personal life...
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...traditional methods can create biases that may unduly influence manager decisions about consumer behavior. For example, a type of bias that can result from the use of technology is sampling bias. “A common cause of sampling bias lies in the design of the study or in the data collection procedure, both of which may favor or disfavor collecting data from certain classes or individuals or in certain conditions. Sampling bias is also particularly prominent whenever researchers adopt sampling strategies based on judgment or convenience, in which the criterion used to select samples is somehow related to the variables of interest” (Panzeri, Magri, and Carraro, 2008). A second type of bias that may result from the use of technology is response bias. “In survey sampling, response bias refers to the bias that results from problems in the measurement process. This bias may result from leading questions, in which the wording of the question may be loaded in some way to unduly favor one response over another, or social desirability, because most people like to present themselves in a favorable light, so they will be reluctant to admit to unsavory attitudes or illegal activities in a survey” (Statistics and Probability Dictionary, 2014). The use of technology in data collection is evident in TV advertising and credit card purchases and could be subject to bias. “Given the hundreds of companies tracking consumers’ online behavior, information, such as...
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...Samantha Obery Judgment and Decision Making How could the representativeness heuristic become a problem in recruiting and hiring decisions? And what might be an effective remedy? (Be sure to address both parts of the assignment.) Heuristics are cognitive shortcuts that we use, as they require less mental administration for the purpose of information processing. The representativeness heuristic is a cognitive evaluation of the probability derived from the resemblance between an event A and B. It is the premise of this paper to show that the representative heuristic often proves helpful in our daily decision-making, however we demonstrate that our over reliance on the representative heuristic can lead to the perpetuation of systemic biases. The discussion then proposes pragmatic cognitive process such as the role of attention, consequence evaluation and base rate sourcing for the purpose cognitive self-monitoring. Given that the recruitment process is important, we should examine to what extent the representative heuristic affects this operational process. By nature the recruitment process preempts reliance on heuristics. A well-poised female candidate is being interviewed. The recruiter already visualizes her favorably within in the office. Although her CV identifies her as being married for 9 years, the interviewer asks the question anyway, expecting an answer along the lines of, “my husband is wonderful, he really is a family man”. Instead, the interviewer hears that...
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...Tyler Aaberg Annotated Bibliography First of all my controversial topic is whether cops are truly bad or not. Obviously, with a topic like this no matter how credible a source might be, this topic can be influenced heavily by personal biases. I tried to take that into consideration in choosing my articles. Regardless of how many articles are for which side, I just want to say that I by no means support one side over the other. Article 1- My first article is from the Washington Post, and is written by a former cop. He talks about his time being in the St. Louis Police Department. He says that many, but not all cops, were very racist. Commonly referring to all black people as “thugs” regardless of whether or not the person was a victim or a bystander. The officer even talks about websites that his work peers had made that were dedicated to racist rants, which had to be shut down by administrators multiple times. I think that this is a good, credible argument, which offers a unique point of view that you do not always get with this debate. I think the fact that not only was this person a cop, but also a minority working gives a really interesting point of view. Most views are usually one or the other but not both. Article 2- This next article comes from David Protess. who is the President of the Chicago Innocence Project. His view is that the police are no different than any other profession. Are there some that are racist? Probably. But there are also a majority...
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...Essay #2: Is Gender Bias Noticeable in Literature? In this essay I would be investigating if there are any gender biases in the short stories and the movie Gone Girl. By definition gender bias is, “Inclination towards or prejudice against one gender” (Collins). Although gender bias is mostly thought of being against women there has been a subtler bias against men most recently in movies. Therefore, in this essay I would be considering gender biases of both men and women. In the short story “The Short Happy life of Francis Macomber” the author Ernest Hemmingway treats both genders equally. Both Wilson and Mrs. Macomber are portrayed as opportunists. He has no compunction in accepting the silly advances of Macomber’s wife. She marries Macomber for his money and social position. They both have a cruel streak. He (illegally) beats his helpers, knowing that they would rather take the beating than lose money (fines). She is cruel to her husband, openly despising his weaknesses, and deliberately flaunting her infidelities. In contrast, “I Want a Wife” the author Judy Brady has gender bias. The woman portrayed in the composition is resentful of the quality of life experienced by women in general, who, as wives, have to cater to their husband’s every need and whim. Husbands are portrayed as lazy, selfish and inconsiderate, not even pulling their weight as fathers of their children. Moreover, in the short story “Shiloh” the author Bobby Ann Mason has gender bias. Norma Jean is portrayed...
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...on different people and how they interact with each other. For example, in the beginning of the movie a wealthy white couple, Rick and Jean, is walking down the street and Jean moves closer to her husband when she sees two black men, Anthony and Peter, walking towards them. They notice the woman’s reaction, then they rob the couple at gunpoint and steal their car. Then, after Rick and Jean get home they have their locks changed, Jean gets really upset when she sees the locksmith is Hispanic and wants to have the locks changed again because she thought the Hispanic man was going to sell the keys to his friends. Personal bias can often influence our everyday social interactions and how we treat others. When someone unfairly favors a person, a group of people, or a point of view over another is called bias. Quite often, people base their decisions on personal bias and it results in a very negative outcome. People make split second judgments of others and make assumptions based...
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...Issues in the Evaluation This evaluation will be internal. Internal evaluators do face the issue of loyalty and pressure to mask negative results, however external evaluators face similar issues (Conley-Tyler 2005, p. 9). There is no compelling ethical reason to choose external over internal evaluators (Conley-Tyler 2005, p. 9). However, understanding researcher bias is crucial. Researcher bias is a form of bias that occurs when there is a fault in the survey’s design (Depoy & Gitlin 2005, p. 120). This systematic errors can be attributed to various aspects of the evaluation’s methodology. A lack of planning can make it difficult to format a survey with appropriate questions, without this it can result in higher levels of error (Depoy & Gitlin...
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...status (Esty, et al., 1995). There are the obvious characteristics such as gender, race, religious beliefs, social class, etc.; and of course there are those characteristics that are not so obvious such as mental ability, religious beliefs, physical ability among others. It is tough to decipher those hidden qualities on an individual without knowing much about that person. For my first example I have chosen Jenna, this was very tough for me as I let my personal bias get in the way of a rational choice when I came across the decision to match a picture to the description. I was wrong! Her Drive is eminent; her commitment to succeed is unprecedented. She was able to survive drug dependency (demonstrates drive and the will to succeed) and established herself as she once had after she graduated college. Mental toughness was very important as she went through hard times after losing her mother, these hidden characteristics cannot be detected by the naked eye and most of us base our judgment on our own personal bias and stereotypes. Kim was my second choice, She too has the drive to succeed, and she was the first one of her family to attend college. Her humble origins and the opinion of others as well as their stereotypes did not stop her from pursuing her dreams. Her social status was an big hurdle she had to overcome, being one of many to come from humble beginnings it was hard to break the pattern that follows most of us. Kyle is my third and final choice; he has...
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