...the mid-1990s there has been an increasing interest in advocacy on the part of both NGOs and Northern donor agencies. Firstly, influencing macro-level policy and regulatory frameworks is now seen as essential to increasing opportunities and removing constraints at the micro-level for both enterprise programmes and entrepreneurs themselves. Secondly, multilateral and bilateral donor agencies have increasingly emphasised civil society development and democratisation as a means of effecting this macro-level change. Underpinning both these trends are related debates about rights-based approaches to development and pro-poor growth. Advocacy organizations have also used advances in communications and information technology to increase global as well as national visibility and influence. Impact assessment has had a two-fold role in these trends: • • Firstly action research and impact assessments of the effects of macro-level policies, legislation and regulatory environments have been used to support advocacy campaigns. Secondly donors, NGOs and advocates themselves have been concerned to assess the impacts of their advocacy strategies either to justify funding them and/or to improve future strategies and campaigns. There are now a number of manuals by NGOs and donors presenting models, tools and frameworks for both advocacy itself and advocacy impact assessment.1 There is also now general official agreement that advocacy necessarily involves a grassroots process of empowerment....
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...that the attached paper, which was produced for the class identified above, is my original work and has not previously been submitted by me or by anyone else for any class. I further declare that I have cited all sources from which I used language, ideas and information, whether quoted verbatim or paraphrased, and that any and all assistance of any kind, which I received while producing this paper, has been acknowledged in the References section. This paper includes no trademarked material, logos, or images from the Internet, which I do not have written permission to include. I further agree that my name typed on the line below is intended to have, and shall have the same validity as my handwritten signature. Student's signature (name typed here is equivalent to a signature): Christopher Holland Introduction The purpose of this paper is to explore the homeless population in the United States while thinking critically. The research for this paper shall detail the history of homeless from its first noticeable conception. The paper will examine the time line of homelessness stating contributing factors as well as detailing the homeless struggle. This paper shall research the nature of the social problems or issues experienced by homeless people meanwhile showing the stereotyping and discrimination of homeless people. This paper will explore the different demographic groups along with common clinical issues and intervention strategies. After the research has explored the...
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...RESEARCH PROPOSAL Introduction: There are millions of young children out in the world who are left alone, unsupported, and mistreated. According to Kids Matter Incorporated, child neglect is the most common form of child mistreatment. It is important for all people to be able to recognize when a child is in the troubled path of neglect. Whether it is physical abuse or emotional abuse, it all needs to be reported and the child needs immediate help. Is neglect just as serious as other, more obvious forms of abuse such as sexual, physical and emotional? Child neglect is a continuing problem because of the lack of knowledge people know about it. People need to be aware of the signs and when a child is in danger and when to step in a get them help. Child neglect is detected in different ways. According to Kids Matter Inc. Recognizing physical abuse can be done by noticing a child’s poor hygiene, seeing a child inappropriately dressed for certain weather occasions, unmet medical or dental needs, malnutrition, or staying late at events such as school or extracurricular activities to avoid home. Emotional signs could be anywhere from a child taking extreme measures to please, always being on the lookout for something bad to happen, or simply just having poor learning abilities. Any of these signs from the physical or emotional abuse are very concerning and are a reach out for help. This topic should be suitable for a short research paper because I am finding great answers to the...
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...Food, Agriculture, and the Environment Discussion Paper 34 Agricultural Research and Poverty Reduction Peter Hazell and Lawrence Haddad International Food Policy Research Institute 2033 K Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20006 U.S.A. August 2001 INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP (TAC), CONSULTATIVE GROUP Copyright © 2001 International Food Policy Research Institute All rights reserved. Sections of this report may be reproduced without the express permission of but with acknowledgment to the International Food Policy Research Institute. ISBN 0-89629-639-3 Foreword v Acknowledgments vi 1. Introduction 1 2. The Nature and Extent of Poverty 3 3. How Agricultural Research Can Help the Poor 9 4. Targeting Agricultural Research to Benefit the Poor 18 5. Strategies for Pro-Poor Agricultural Research 26 6. The Role of Public Research and Extension Systems 35 References 37 Contents iii Tables 1. Trends in child malnutrition in developing countries, by region, 1970–95 6 2. Distribution of land types by region 6 3. Distribution of malnourished children by agroecological zone, 1990 7 4. Comparison of low- and middle-income countries 21 5. Priorities for agricultural research to reduce national poverty by type of adopting region 24 Figures 1. Number of people living on less than $1 a day, 1987 and 1998 4 2. Those living with HIV/AIDS and those newly infected: Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa...
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...Fundamentals of Research Paper This paper will discuss the fundamentals of research and how it can be applied in the field of human services. Example of scientific methods related to the human services will also be provided. A brief description explaining the differences of quantitative research and qualitative research models and how they relate to field of human services and the scientific method will also be given. Also the concerns of quantitative and quality research methodology will be addressed. A brief summary of how scientifically sound researches supports the function of a human services manager will be discussed as well. According to dictionary.com scientific methods is defined as a method of research in which a problem is identified, relevant data are gathered, a hypothesis if formulated from these data, and the hypothesis is empirically tested (dictornary.com). In other words scientific methods are steps that researchers follow in order to test, acquire, and describe different options during the planning stage. Research is needed in the human service field. Let say that there is a large rapid increase child abuse or homeliness, the rapid increase requires results to the question of why the rapid increase. By the use of research the answer to these questions can be answered by the collection of data, observation, and experiment can offer assistance in the field of human services. Scientific inquiry is a way to investigate...
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...Discuss, with supporting evidence, the different ‘proximate’ and ‘fundamental’ determinants of poverty The World Bank states: “Poverty is hunger. Poverty is lack of shelter. Poverty is being ill and not being able to see a doctor. Poverty is not having the ability to go to school and not being able to read. Poverty is being in unemployment. Poverty is losing a child to illness brought about by unclean water. Poverty is powerlessness, lack of representation and freedom.” (World Bank, as cited in Lang 2007, p.31). More than three billion people live on less than $2.50 a day which is approximately half the world’s population. In 2005, the developing world had about 72 million children of primary school age not enrolled in school; of this 72 million, 57 percent of them were girls. Each year, 2.2 million children die because they lack immunisation (Globalissues.org, 2013). This essay will discuss the fundamental determinants of poverty with the two main contenders being geography and institution. It would also discuss the proximate determinants of poverty in Kenya. What causes poverty is an important question when trying to explain poverty, but it is not one which can easily be answered. These causes can be grouped into ‘proximate’, ‘intermediate’ and ‘fundamental’ causes of poverty. The proximate cause is the ‘nearest cause’ in the chain of causation, ABCDE. The fundamental cause is what sets the chain of causation in motion. The fundamental cause of E is A, and B, C and D are intermediate...
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...The concept of self help groups has grown out of the study and application of development concept mostly at a community level and has being playing a major role in eradicating poverty particularly in the rural India today. I have searched research paper published in twenty-first century and reviewed them to find out research gap in this field. The literature is reviewed briefly as under: Research papers on self help group’s attempts to explain the process of women’s empowerment and find out its effectiveness in their lives. I feel that women empowerment is a much broader issue that needs to be studied and observed for a longer time frame and thus most of them lacks confidence about future. Panda (2009) made a experimental outline under which...
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...Plagiarism is one of the biggest problems in academics today. Plagiarism can be described as the act of borrowing and copying someone’s else words as one’s own without crediting the source. There is also the issue of self-plagiarism that occurs when a person attempts to get credit for work that they had previously published without stating that he or she had already received credit for the same work. Notably, the most common causes of plagiarism include, time management, incorrect paraphrasing and poor note taking when doing the research. The consequences of plagiarism can be personal, ethical, legal or professional. To avoid plagiarism, the paper should include the in-text citations and the bibliography. Citing and referencing one’s work ensures that the writer credits the source of the work he or she used in the paper, thus avoiding plagiarism. Evidently, people need to understand that plagiarism is a grave issue that needs to be looked into seriously. Writers should be careful not to copy another person’s work without crediting...
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...Running head: ACTION INQUIRY RESEARCH PAPER- MERIT PAY Action Inquiry Research Paper- School Finance Jennifer Ponton Grand Canyon EDA 535 July 01, 2012 Action Inquiry Research Paper- School Finance Statement of the Problem This past spring thousands of teachers protested at the Louisiana State Capital to prevent Louisiana lawmakers from passing an educational reform bill proposed by Governor Bobby Jindall that would change the face of public education in Louisiana forever. Many superintendents and school personnel were relieved of their professional responsibilities on the days they protested hoping that they could sway the governor and the lawmakers from passing the bill. The bill was passed even without the support of many educational leaders and lawmakers in Louisiana. The laws passed by Louisiana lawmakers read like a conservative education reformer’s wish list. Teacher tenure in Louisiana after three years of employment was eliminated and replaced with teachers receiving a “highly effective rating for five out of six consecutive years of teaching. Back to back “ineffective rating will result in a teacher being fired. Seniority will no longer be a dominant factor in layoff decisions. In fact most decisions involving teacher employment and pay will now be the responsibility of both the principal and the superintendent of school. Before Governor Jindall’s reform plan it was the responsibility of the local school board. The reform proposed by the governor...
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...Assignment Title: Critical Evaluation of Customer Satisfaction of Transportation Services in Hong Kong Learning Outcomes Assessed Learning Outcomes Assessed Feedback relating learning outcomes and assessment criteria given to students: Areas for Commendation Areas for Improvement General Comment Assessors Signature Overall Mark : Subject to ratification by the assessment board Moderators Signature Students Signature: You must sign this declaring that it is all your own work and all sources of information have been referenced: TLH307 International Tourism & Hospitality Management - Urban Tourism TLH307 International Tourism & Hospitality Management Urban Tourism Critical Evaluation of Customer Satisfaction of Transportation Services in Hong Kong Muhammad Norfarid Bin Farali Khan Student ID: 089101850 BSc (Hons) International Tourism and Hospitality Management The University of Sunderland Date of Submission: 18-Jul-2011 2 Muhammad Norfarid Bin Farali Khan BTTD1 0907A Bachelor Of Science(Hons) In International Tourism and Hospitality Management TLH307 International Tourism & Hospitality Management - Urban Tourism Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 4 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................................................................. 6 2.1 Transportation and Tourism ..................
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...Association –CIAA exist in the Cayman Islands as the governing body for sport athlete in the Cayman Islands. The CIAA is also under the umbrella of the International Association of Athletics Federation whereby, giving athletes an opportunity to showcase their talents. Over the years since its inception, the association has been plagued with many difficulties such as, not harnessing the talents of promising young Caymanians, not being able to run and effective organization due to poor management, failure to attract the right personnel to run the organization and failing to garner the support of the private sector. This paper will seek to divulge into the many negative issues that have plagued this organization over the years while offering constructive recommendations and suggestions that can be implemented to garner the support from parent, government and most importantly, the private sector. The paper will also seek to look at the unique perspective young people brings to the organization while utilizing their talents to market the Cayman Islands. The paper will also suggest ways in which the athlete can use their skills to improve academically while perusing their dream of becoming the professional athlete. We will also seek to discuss the coaching issues and how the right coaches can and should be selected to coach certain discipline. Due to a lack of oversight and ineffective management, garnering financial support has become another major issue. Little or no effort have been...
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...In the research paper, conducted by Pandey et al. (2007) suggest that by empowering the people of developing nations through providing them with information on entitled social services, they may be able to demand and receive better services. Through their trial, the results of this paper proved this to be true. However, I don’t agree that this method alone will be beneficial in the long run without proper policy making from the government since there are several limitations and issues to this finding. Service provisions in developing nations are mostly decentralised to the local authorities with the intention of increasing service provision through greater autonomy however, this has created the exact opposite effect. Service provision is poor, local authorities are ineffective and public workers are corrupt thus delivery is poor. In order to cut slackness, I believe the government should centralize their provisions instead in order to gain control and set equal standards across the country. Local authorities can serve as monitoring facilities instead of being responsible for their own provision. Then again, this process is extremely costly and may be timely to implement. One of the comments of the pandey et al (2007) paper mentioned that locals found it difficult to understand the information being provided to them due to their poor levels of education. In addition to the poor provision of educational services, education may not be seen as such a high priority when faced...
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...TERM PAPER GUIDELINES 1. This paper is to have an introduction, body and conclusion. 2. References and citations are to be in APA format 6th edition when used in the paper. 3. Paper is to be 6 pages in length of text material. Cover pages, abstracts, and references pages are to be completed with this research paper, but do not count towards the 6 page minimum requirement. 4. Proper grammar and spelling are required. 5. All topics must be sent to instructor in Week 1. The instructor will work with you on selection of an appropriate topic for the research. 6. If you have questions, email the instructor directly. 7. Double spacing will be utilized. 8. Use 5 resources and no www sites can be utilized unless properly constructed as outlined in the APA 6th edition manual. 9. No Wikipedia.com or other type materials will be accepted as a reference. (Please use scholarly journals or materials of this type and books). 10. Do not use any cases or any case related material about famous celebrities. 11. Do not cut and paste materials. This is your research use your own language. 12. Cut and paste if noted in a paper will result in a zero being given. Students will different styles of font being utilized may be deemed as a cut and paste paper and could be graded with a zero. Please pay attention to your work and how it is submitted. Proofread all of your work before submission. 13. The paper must be written in 3rd person. No I, he, or she references to 1st...
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...the child would develop a poor sense of self. This poor sense of self might be hidden down deep until a certain age like our early 40’s where we begin to reflect back on our life. Missing a maternal love as a child has repercussions in adulthood that can result in no success being good enough to satisfy the adults need to compensate for the missing maternal love. A mid-life crisis is a topic that has always interested me. Some men and women use the term mid-life crisis as an excuse for any bad behavior or mistakes they make in their early to mid-40’s. The cause behind a mid-life crisis has always interested me, knowing that someone did not wake up one day and decide to spend an obscene amount of money on a little sports car or commit adultery after a very loving marriage. In a male child’s life, a mother plays a very large role in creating a healthy sense of self and belonging. It only makes sense that for any male that is lacking a loving maternal relationship will suffer social-development setbacks at some point in their life. When reaching a certain point in our life we are all guilty of looking back over our life at our accomplishments and failures, however most of us are well equipped to be proud of our accomplishments and realize what our failures are allowing us to continue moving along in our adulthood with no major hiccups. This article would be a terrific asset to any research paper regarding a mid-life crisis, especially a research...
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...Evaluating the Participating Countries of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative for Economic Growth | Introduction: Economic growth is vital to any countries livelihood. Economic growth within a country affects every industry, market, and household. In 1996, the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and several other small creditors created the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative (HIPC) to help provide economic growth to poor and developing countries. The direct purpose of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative was to offer low interest loans and debt relief to countries that meet the criteria for the initiative. Countries would have to be selected by criteria, which included, a countries past economic growth, amount of debt, poverty rate, lack of development, with many other factors. In creation of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative, was in hopes that in could spur economic growth in development in many improvised nations. The Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative has only invited thirty-nine countries to participate in the initiative since its creation. Africa has had the majority of the countries, while the rest were located in Southeast Asia, and the Middle East. The Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative uses a two point system to meet the seven requirements the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank requires to receive debt relief. There are only two points that all participating countries in the Heavily...
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