...Crime is a relative concept. This means that how society views criminal acts, can differ. Criminal acts in one society, may not be perceived as a criminal act in another society. Society may also differ in how to punish people for committing specific criminal acts (Broom and Selzsnck, 1963 p540, 541). Deviance can be defined as behaviour which does not conform to certain norms of a specific society. (Haralambos & Holborn, 2008). Defining crime or deviance is diverse amongst the many different cultures, history and from one social context to another (new texts p138) which causes big problems whilst defining and measuring crime or deviance as what is believed to be criminal or deviant behaviour in one society may be seen as legal or normal behaviour be another society. There are many theories relating to deviance and crime with each theory illustrating a different aspect of the procedure by which people break rules and are classed as deviants or criminals. (New texts p 138) This highlights the problems in defining crime or deviance. Many believe crime and deviance developed on separate tracks over the years as criminologist serve only for legality, crime and crime-related phenomena. The study of deviance however serves for a wide range of behaviours that are not necessarily illegal for example suicide, alcoholism, homosexuality, mentally disordered behaviours. (Bader et al) the man difference between crime and deviance is deviant behaviour is when a social norm has been...
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...that as a parent, have been assigned to the child or even allowing the child to move back home after college, or even not leave after high school without any obligations such as having a job to pay for rent, buy food or pay utility bills without the prospect of going to college, we as parents are not necessarily making lives easier in the long run. In the essay “Spoiled Rotten: Why do kids rule the roost?” by Elizabeth Kolbert, she examines some different cultures and the habits of raising kids. One such culture is Matsigenka tribe in Peru. Members of the tribe go out to get new palm fronds for roofs of the huts they live in and bring along a 6 year old girl. This girl goes and does camp chores such as brushing off sleeping mats, stack leaves to bring back and even fished for crustaceans that she would clean, cook and serve to the adults in the group. According to the essay, this is quite a change from the families studied in Los Angeles, where the parents that were studied seemed to be searching for the approval of their children, rather than the other way around as in some other cultures. In the article “The Benefits of Spoiling Kids in America” by Lisa Belkin, suggests that we are only doing what is expected of us, unlike other animals such as Rhinos that rarely leave the side of their offspring until they are weaned, or panda bears that will sacrifice the well-being of one cub to help another cub. Belkin states that many for many animals, parenting is instinctual but...
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...In Things Fall Apart it follows Okonkwo, an anger driven man who rules his home with “a heavy hand,” and will do anything to establish himself as a strong and honorable man. Okonkwo had an apathetic father who became disgraced within their tribe. Consequently, Okonkwo developed a narrow-minded personality that refused to admit change and defeat. When he’s exiled for his gun exploding and killing a clansman, Okonkwo must live for seven years with his family in a different tribe where his home and leftover belongings are burnt to a crisp. This destroyed Okonkwo as told, “His life had been ruled by a great passion-to become one of the lords of the clan.” (Achebe 131). For Okonkwo sought to become the most powerful man in his tribe and that was torn away. Upon returning to his clan after seven years, the missionaries had reached his tribe Umuofia, and had converted them to Christianity. Stubborn in his ways, Okonkwo refused to accept this and he killed one of the white messengers hoping to spark a war between the two cultures. Yet Umuofia would not go to war so Okonkwo hangs himself, the greatest dishonor of all in his...
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...The Amazon rainforest is home to one of the world’s most diverse habitats, covering the majority of Northern South America. Although it is the largest rainforest in the Western hemisphere, it is presently threatened by persistent deforestation and mining by mega corporations. The continuation of these processes not only endangers the population of wildlife inhabiting the Amazon, but it also affects the lives of many indigenous tribes that have occupied its forests for centuries. According to the nonprofit organization Amazon Watch, however, such heinous actions by foreign corporations upon the people and wildlife of the Amazon must stop at once. This essay will discuss the work of the nongovernmental organization Amazon Watch, providing information on its mission to protect and restore the environment of the Amazon rainforest....
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...Lord of the Flies Essay November 26th, 2012 Marina Ivanova Ms. Williamson Grade 10 AP English A good leader knows how to enforce rules and organize their people to act a certain way. Without them, people would lose sense of what is important and behave in a disheveled manner causing chaos. In the book Lord of the Flies by William Golding, it is evident that control and order are necessary for a society to function well, due to the basic need of productivity, safety, and unity that structure provides. Firstly, when humans are being controlled they follow orders and complete the work that has to be done. If all members in a society are ordered to do some work, the result will not only be achieved but achieved in a shorter amount of time. In “Lord of the Flies”, when Ralph addresses the boys he says: “So we’ve got to decide if this is an island. Everybody must stay round here and wait and no go away. Three of us-if we take more we’d all get mixed, and lose each other-three of us will go on an expedition and find out.” (Golding 20) In this quote, Ralph gives out orders to the boys in his tribe and explains why certain things should or should not be done. The boys all have a common goal, which is to find out more about their surroundings. Then, in order to accomplish that goal, the chief organizes them to ensure productivity. If Ralph did not do that, the boys would be wandering without a purpose and perhaps would even get lost. Likewise, in real life, when one...
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...Mohammed Sabir Essay 1 Writing 3 Iraq has many problems over the past decade. As today, Iraqi government is trying to develop and enhance their country. The environment of Iraq becomes more polluted every day. Because of the toxic gases which produced by the factories. However, this is just one the problems that Iraq is facing today. Iraq is facing three important challenges or problems which are political, religious, and educational. Iraq is challenging great political problems. There are many parties in Iraq, and each party is working for its own benefits and advantages. If you watch Iraqi parliament for one time, you will see that they are just want money and high positions. They just agree on constitutions that benefit them, and they don't care about the country. The latest issue was the conflict between Nuri Al-Malki and Anbar's tribes. Anbar's tribes request from the government to change some policies because they are not fair, but Al-Malki disagrees because that is against his benefits. Iraq has political issues with neighbor countries too. For a long time, Iraq has problems with Kuwait and still has problems because Iraq conquered Kuwait in 1990. Iraq has troubles with Iran because Iran wants to control our country, so they can control the Middle East after that. Iran has many spies in our country and government. The other reason is that Iraq is the main base of USA army in the Middle East Iraq has many religious problems. There are different types of religions...
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...There are many factors which contribute to the state of Maori health in the 21st century. This essay focuses on the decline of the pre-European Maori health methods of diet and communal living as well as the impact this has had on the Maori race today. Maori health today is considerably different to Maori health of the 18th century. Obesity, cancer, heart disease and diabetes are significant health issues surrounding Maori people today. (Otago,2007). There are many factors which contribute to these health problems, it is assumed that these health issues have arisen due to drastic changes in diet and loss of culture due to westernisation Maori people of today are eating a predominantly western diet which consists of fatty sugary and salty foods which are covenant, cheap and have been proven to have ill effects on health and wellbeing. If we examine the pre-European diet of the Maori race which consisted of the kiore (native rat, now extinct) birdlife, seafood, seals and whales (coastal areas) as the main source of protein, the principal vegetable foods were taro, kumara, also pikopiko, and puha when available. Many berries in the forest were eaten raw, others were boiled and eaten. From the evidence of Hohepa Te rake (Ettie A. Rout, 1926) “food was regarded not only as the body’s natural sustenance but also as a natural corrective”. Maori believed that to the overall health of the body was maintained by the digestive system and ate foods that regulated the bowels...
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...their culture, I learned from television, until this essay. I intend to argue that the American Indians have persevered in the white man’s broken promises, degradation, and dismal outlook on life, until the arrival of casinos. It is estimated that there were 1500 to 100 million Native Americans living in the United States, before the white man came. By the 1900’s the native population was down to 250,000, pursuant to germ, military, and genocidal warfare. Through the mid 1800s, the U.S. military had one mission, the annihilation of the Native American Indian (Schaap). The white man started trading with Native Americans shortly after setting foot on North America. These exchanges were arranged under treaties. Those are agreements between two or more self-governing nations. Following the American Revolution, the government used treaties to acquire land from the Native Americans. The treaties were constructed in a way, to take advantage of the Indians. Under the pretense that the tribes were weaker in negotiations, and that they were signing documents written in unfamiliar words, often with no alternative (Native). The U.S. government has full power in all Native American Indian affairs, in what is called between the government and tribes a trust relationship. This trust relationship refers to the government’s pledge, in the treaties it agreed upon. That it will defend the security and welfare of the Native American tribes, in return for yielding their lands. The Native...
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...Essay on Native American Environmental Issues by David R. Lewis This essay is taken from Native America in the Twentieth Century: An Encyclopedia, edited by Mary B. Davis and published in 1994 by Garland Publishers of New York. The encyclopedia includes additional essays on mining, natural resource management, hunting and fishing rights, and economic development. It's a highly recommended resource. Reprinted without permission for educational purposes. Traditionally Native Americans have had an immediate and reciprocal relationship with their natural environments. At contact, they lived in relatively small groups close to the earth. They defined themselves by the land and sacred places, and recognized a unity in their physical and spiritual universe. Their cosmologies connected them with all animate and inanimate beings. Indians moved in a sentient world, managing its bounty and diversity carefully lest they upset the spirit "bosses," who balanced and endowed that world. They acknowledged the power of Mother Earth and the mutual obligation between hunter and hunted as coequals. Indians celebrated the earth's annual rebirth and offered thanks for her first fruits. They ritually addressed and prepared the animals they killed, the agricultural fields they tended, and the vegetal and mineral materials they processed. They used song and ritual speech to modify their world, while physically transforming that landscape with fire and water, brawn and brain. They did not passively...
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...Dear Professor Dockter, The essay that I have chosen to revise for assignment #4 is the profile essay. In this particular essay, the objective of the writer was successfully interviewing and presenting a member of a community. A member is a small part of an identity to the community. The community I selected was the Pascua Yaqui Tribe, and the specific member was Daniel Vega, a director of the language and culture department. In revising this essay, I feel that a principal global factor that the paper lacked was organization. Organization is a key component that molds an essay. According to Rules for Writers, “these patterns (sometimes called methods of development) have different uses, depending on the writers subject and purpose” (35) explaining that it depends on the type of essay I am trying to convey to the audience. The essay was short of an appropriate organization as far as an outline. I went back to the basics and rewrote my topic sentences, as well as my support and details briefly. It provided me with a basic knowledge of exactly what my paper was going to look like and consist of. With this exercise, I was able to recognize the details and the evidence that belong to other sections of the essay. Since this is a profile essay, it contains a mix of organizations to utilize: description, narration and includes a slight bit of process. It relies on what you are including in the profile. With these organizations, I am able to combine the essence of their...
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...10 February 2015 Lord of the Flies Essay "Humanity has evil tendenc[ies] within its nature" (David Wilson). Jack, a choir boy from England, represents the evil incarnate and explains that within human nature, evil lies in oneself even when it is not projected. In Golding's Lord of the Flies, Jack, the Devil Figure, expresses the ideas about one's inner evil as he evolves from a choir leader to a ruthless varmint while spending time on a deserted island. In the beginning of Lord of the Flies, Jack, who emerges from the jungle dressed in black, possesses a dominant trait of a controlling personality. When Ralph first blows the sound of the conch, Jack and his choir come from the jungle, and as they approach Ralph, Jack tells them to "stand still" (Golding 20). The reader can identify his authoritative nature as he demands these words, which establishes his significance and rule in the choir, and the other boys can sense this superiority as well. Moreover, the audience can analyze that Jack has a manipulative influence in the novel due to the fact that he claims he "ought to be chief because [he is]...head boy"; therefore, he is making himself out to be the most qualified for the position as he points out his role of control in the choir (Golding 22). Likewise, the other boys on the island describe Jack to be "the most obvious leader," which in return proves to the reader that Jack's commanding attitude is not the only reason that defines him as a leader; the other boys' perspective...
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...Oscar Silva Block 6 January/08/2013 The Power of One Essay "B" A civilization cannot be called civilized if it does not act that way. Exclusion takes away every sense of civilization within a community, and for a community to move forward, it should work together step by step, with every single member of it participating in an equal way, where everyone is treated as that they are, dignified human beings. because the practice of inclusion is the key to the forward movement of a society. Inclusion is the oil in a community's engine. The human race as unlimited as its potential is, does not have the need to reach utopia, human race needs to love. Without inclusion our world would be full of cataclysmic events just like the holocaust, apartheid, and many other results of exclusion throughout history. Inclusion not exclusion is the key to survival. The union within a community is what should be created among every single community, solidarity and team work to create a better life for everyone and also move towards prosperity equally. Peekay recognizes that the Afrikaners abuse the native South Africans and how they are excluded because of racial issues. there was nothing the Natives could do to stop the Afrikaners since they were more powerful, possible in weapons, but not in heart. the native South African Communities were gravely damaged since everyone lost hope on everything they stood for. although throughout these dark times, as the enemy's heart turned even more evil, the...
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...The Health Status of American Indians/Alaskan Natives Aretha Ha Grand Canyon University: NRS-429VN Family-Centered Health Promotion April 10th, 2016 The Health Status of American Indians/Alaskan Natives Did you know that approximately 3.7 million American Indians (AI) and Alaskan Natives (AN) make up 2% of the total U.S. population? This classifies them as one of the smallest racial and ethnic population groups in the U.S. There are 567 federally recognized (AI/AN) tribes and more than 100 state recognized tribes with 78% of the AI/AN population living outside these tribal areas (OMH, 2012). This geographic distribution gives them less access to hospitals, clinics, and necessary health services. Geographic isolation, cultural barriers, environmental factors, low income, and many other interrelated factors directly contribute to AI/ANs lower health status compared to other Americans. This essay seeks to identify these health disparities that make this population least likely to get adequate needed health care. Health Status AI/ANs face an overall lower health status and higher rates of chronic conditions which shortens life expectancies compared to other racial and ethnic group. There is a wide range of life issues stemming from economic and social conditions that may account for the health disparities. Inadequate education, disproportionate poverty, discrimination in the delivery of health services, and cultural differences are just a few. Life Expectancy The...
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...Essay 2 Comparison of Bessie Head’s “The Deep River: A Story of Ancient Tribal Migration” and “Two Sisters by Ama Ata Aidoo’s I have chosen “Two Sisters” and “The Deep River” for comparison of power relationships between men and women. The men in these stories are powerful but in the end we will find out that the women find their inner power to get what that want. “Two Sisters” by Ama Ata Aidoo is a story that shows how the males are privileged in the way it is practiced in much of post-colonial Africa. Men who are financially successful use their power or buying power to have their way with any of the women they desire. This is a common theme written by African women. “Two Sisters” gives us two views because it is told from two perspectives. Connie the eldest sister believes that Mercy, the younger sister is ruining her life because of the many affairs with older, powerful men. Connie is married but her husband James is open about his affairs and numerous mistresses. This shows that not only financially successful men but all men render women powerless in the African society. Mercy acts in ways that bring benefits to others. The story helps us understand that her office job is equivalent to a taxi cab driver. She is paid very low wages. She sees Mensar-Arthur as an option to help her out of this situation. Connie’s husband James sides with Mercy, he thinks it is okay for her to continue with the affairs. Bessie Head is a bi-racial woman who eventually moved...
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...Vol 4(2): 201–211 DOI: 10.1177/1476127006064069 Copyright ©2006 Sage Publications (London,Thousand Oaks, CA and New Delhi) http://so.sagepub.com S O ! A P B OX E D I TO R I A L E S S AY S Why managers need an evolutionary theory of organizations Peter J. Richerson University of California–Davis, USA Dwight Collins Presidio School of Management, USA Russell M. Genet Orion Institute, USA Introduction Most observers have agreed that the theory of human behavior derived from the assumption of selfish rationality is inadequate to describe human behavior and human organizations (Rousseau et al., 1998). The issue is what other approach to theory building will provide an adequate theoretical toolkit for human behavior. We argue in this essay that evolutionary theory is the proper foundation for the human sciences, particularly a theory that includes an account of cultural evolution. This theory shows how the limited but real altruistic tendencies of humans arose by tribal-scale group selection on cultural norms followed by coevolutionary responses on the part of our genes. Our tribal social instincts in turn act as a moral hidden hand that makes human organizations possible. We introduce this theory and describe some implications of it for strategy and organization. In effect, managers want to control the cultural evolution of organizations so as to make them perform better. Understanding the tribal roots of our social instincts and the dynamic properties of cultural evolution...
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