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Bhs 314

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Touro University International

BHE 314

Cased Based Assignment 3b

19 September 2008

After the initial stages of water treatment where organic and inorganic solids are mechanically removed from wastewater, water is further treated through secondary and tertiary treatment processes. Since the effluent from primary treatment still contains extremely fine organic and inorganic solids, secondary treatment of water aims to remove these solids. “Secondary treatment consists of unique biological systems designed to remove BOD, suspended solids and some dissolved solids through a biological conversion of these materials to a settleable form. The biomass is then separated from the product water (secondary effluent) in a secondary or final clarifier. Secondary treatment systems typically remove 80-95% of suspended solids and BOD” (Ciy of San Jose). This process is carried out through the addition of oxygen into the water as the system uses oxygen tanks, secondary clarifiers, and return sludge pumping stations. Secondary treatment speeds up the natural process and microorganisms use pollutants as a food source and thus eliminate a majority from the water (Schiff). Secondary treatment typically utilizes biological treatment processes, in which microorganisms convert nonsettleable solids to settleable solids. Sedimentation typically follows, allowing the settleable solids to settle out. Three options include:
1. Activated Sludge- The most common option uses microorganisms in the treatment process to break down organic material with aeration and agitation, then allows solids to settle out.
Bacteria-containing “activated sludge” is continually re-circulated back to the aeration basin to increase the rate of organic decomposition.
2. Trickling Filters- These are beds of coarse media (often stones or

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