...Foundations of Human Development XXXXXXXX BSHS/325 April, XXXXX XXXXXXX Foundations of Human Development The Foundations of Human Development in the Social Environment Human development is the biological, psychological, and social process that a human being must possess to go through life. It defines who we are and how we interact with and view the environment around us. Understanding human development and how it affects an individual is essential for human services professionals to master because we all may see things a different way from someone else. For the purpose of this paper I will cover the bio-psycho-social dimensions of human development, cultural competency, and the general systems theory. Understanding how humans think and develop are important concepts to being an effective human service professional. Bio-psycho-social is defined as the biological, psychological, and social development that come together to form an individual’s existence. Together these three aspects of human development interact to create an individual’s identity and personality. The biological part of human development affects a person’s ability to interact with the world on a physical level. For example, if someone was born deaf it could affect how they interact with the rest of the world thus makes communication with the rest of the world challenging, unless the other communicator knows sign language. The psychological dimensions affect that person’s perception...
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...Foundations of Human Development in the Social Environment Holly Regan BSHS/325 January 19, 2015 Mary Carlisle Foundations of Human Development in the Social Environment Human beings must possess biological, psychological, and social dimensions for human development to occur. It defines who the individual is and how they view and interact with the environment around them. It is essential for human service professionals to understand human development and how it affects individuals because everyone sees things differently. Knowing and understanding how people think and develop are important aspects of being a human service professional. Bio-psycho-social development is defined as the biological, psychological, and social development that come together to form the whole individual. Together these three aspects of human development combine to create an individual’s identity and personality. The biological part of human development affects a person’s ability to interact with the environment on a physical level. An example of such would be someone born deaf would affect how they communicate with others thus making communication challenging. To overcome this challenge the person, with whom they are communicating with, must know sign language or how to read lips. The psychological dimension affects an individual's perception of the world around them. It identifies how a person can function within society and how they view their surroundings. Social dimension determines how people...
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...computation and its applications. It is the systematic study of the feasibility, structure, expression, and mechanization of the methodical procedures (or algorithms) that underlie the acquisition, representation, processing, storage, communication of, and access to information, whether such information is encoded as bits in a computer memory or transcribed in genes and protein structures in a biological cell.[1] A computer scientist specializes in the theory of computation and the design of computational systems.[2] Its subfields can be divided into a variety of theoretical and practical disciplines. Some fields, such as computational complexity theory (which explores the fundamental properties of Computational and intractable problems), are highly abstract, while fields such as computer graphics emphasize real-world visual applications. Still other fields focus on the challenges in implementing computation. For example, programming language theory considers various approaches to the description of computation, whilst the study of computer programming itself investigates various aspects of the use of programming language and complex systems. Human-computer interaction considers the challenges in making computers and computations useful, usable, and universally accessible to humans. The earliest foundations of what would become computer science predate the invention of the modern digital computer. Machines for calculating fixed numerical tasks such as the abacus have existed since...
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...What’s on the MCAT2015 Exam? Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior What will the Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior section test? The Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior section asks you to solve problems by combining your knowledge of foundational concepts with your scientific inquiry and reasoning skills. This section tests your understanding of the ways psychological, social, and biological factors influence perceptions and reactions to the world; behavior and behavior change; what people think about themselves and others; the cultural and social differences that influence well-being; and the relationships between social stratification, access to resources, and well-being. The Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior section emphasizes concepts that tomorrow’s doctors need to know in order to serve an increasingly diverse population and have a clear understanding of the impact of behavior on health. Further, it communicates the need for future physicians to be prepared to deal with the human and social issues of medicine. This section is designed to • • • • • test psychology, sociology, and biology concepts that provide a solid foundation for learning in medical school about the behavioral and sociocultural determinants of health; test concepts taught at many colleges and universities in first-semester psychology and sociology courses; test biology concepts that relate to mental...
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...Paper Jennifer Flynn PSY/360 October 27, 2014 Terry Blackmon Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper Cognitive psychology is the study among psychology that discovers the internal mental processes by encompassing learning, memory, problem solving, perception, thought or language (Galotti, 2014). While still relatively new comparatively as a formal branch of psychology, its roots extend back to Descartes who sought a way to explain how the mind worked, proposing the analogy of a “hydraulic system of nerve function” (Willingham, 2007, p. 26) after he observed animated statues in Saint-Germain-en-Laye. It has been the relentless pursuit of not only how did the mind work but also what exactly constituted the mind that eventually led the foundations of cognitive theory. As psychologists examined how mental processes produced behavior, it was evident a different approach would be needed. The school of thought that arises from tactic is called Cognitivism and is also interested in how people mentally represent information processing (Galotti, 2014). According to ScienceDaily (2014), Wilhelm Wundt, the Gestalt psychology of Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler and Kurt Koffka, and Jean Piaget was the foundations in this work. However, they presented the theory or segments that articulate children’s cognitive development and the two styles that cognitive psychologist use to realize, detect, and solve problems. These two approaches are psychophysical and experimental approaches (Galotti...
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...Foundations of Psychology Foundations of Psychology Nathan Teggerdine PSY/300 GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY Instructor: Ashley Dolecki There seems to be seven major schools of thought in psychology, structuralism, functionalism, gestalt psychology, behaviorism, psychoanalysis, humanistic and cognitive. Each major school of thought has it’s own major underlying assumption’s. First structuralism was one of the first major schools of thought in what was modern psychology. The structuralism approach really focuses on breaking down the mental process into really basic components. Functionalism was first formed based on the theories of the structuralist school of thought and was heavily influenced by the work of William James. (Cherry, 2014) Gestalt psychology is the school opf thought that looks at the human mind and a persons behavior as a whole. (Cherry, What is Gestalt Psychology?, 2014) Behaviorism was one of the main school of thought in psychology in the ninteen twenties until about ninteen fifty. Behaviorism is made up of a number of underlying assumtions reguarding specific methodology and behavioral analysis. (Mcloud, 2007) Psychoanalysis school of thought is mostly based on the idea that most of the time, people are completley unaware of things that determine what emotions they are feeling and when. It is also said that because these factors are for the most part on an unconscious level, during times when someone is struggling, advice and help from family members...
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...stage (Karmiloff Smith 1994) and the response of the adult…can act as a ‘reward’ encouraging thesis early attempts at sound making and interaction” (David Goouch, Powell & Abbott,2003:821) This essay will discuss the acquisition of language in the first two years of a child’s life, looking at different theories and approaches that have been explored over recent years. The essay aims to distinguish if language acquisition is an in built skill which we are all born with or if it is a learned skill which we acquire as we interact with the world around us. Skinner (1957) put forward the argument in favour of the debate that language is developed through nurture- saying that language is a learnt behaviour. Skinner provided that children simply repeat utterances they have heard, this implies that language acquisition is a simple case of rote learning(Ambridge & Lieven,2011:242). He believed that much of what we learn is from the environment around us, he used his theory of operant conditioning to explain how and why we have developed the ability to communicate through spoken words. Operant conditioning, to put it very simply suggests that if a behaviour is rewarded the subject will continue to behave that way. In the case of language acquisition , a child will say a word correctly and be rewarded. For example if a child is able to say the word “banana” they will be given the banana or praised for matching the work to the object i.e. by pointing.Thus, they will continue...
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...words a day. Language development is a complex subject with varying views.This debate reflects fundamentally different beliefs about human development and is not likely to be resolved. There is however considerable agreement that the course of language development reflects the interplay of factors in at least five domains.Educators and policy-makers have often ignored schoolchildren, whose language seems to be lagging behind development in other areas, arguing that such children are “just a bit late” in talking. However language development is a vital issue which has implications on the performance of a child at school. Because of this, this essay analyses factors that affect language development. 2.0 DEFINITION OF TERMS 2.1 LANGUAGE Skinner, who was a behaviourist, defined language as the observed and produced speech that occurs in the interaction of speaker and listener. 2.2LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT According to the internet site, www.healthofchildren.com/L/Language-Development, Language development is the process by which children come to understand and communicate language during early childhood. 3. 0 3.1 EXPOSURE TO THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT Owens R. (2001), quoted Beistein in an attempt to associate the social environment to language development. The social environment refers to the environment developed by humans as contrasted with the natural environment; society as a whole, especially in its relation to the individual. The social environment influences the language development...
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...|[pic] |Syllabus | | |College of Social Science | | |PSY/300 Version 5 | | |General Psychology | | |Group MU13BSP04 | | |8/6/13-9/3/13 | | |Louis Battistone M.A., LMFT, RAS | | |909-239-2496 | Copyright © 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2006 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description General Psychology is a survey course which introduces the student to the major topics in scientific psychology as applied to human behavior. Applications of these principles will...
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...Neuroscience is the study of the human nervous system, the brain, and the biological basis of consciousness, perception, memory, and learning. The nervous system and the brain are the physical foundation of the human learning process. Each of our brain cells can grow up to 20 dendrites, which store millions of pieces of information. These dendrites also affect our acquisition and loss of behaviors. Neuroscience links our observations about cognitive behavior with the actual physical processes that support such behavior. It is currently theorized that the cortex of the human brain is made up of two sides: the left "scholastic brain"; and the right "creative brain". Each side is joined by a corpus callous which sends millions of messages between the left and right sides. The more you use both sides together, the easier it is to learn. These messages make up the construct we call learning, and when engaging in reading, a students' brain uses both sides. Counselors who can find a way to stimulate these cortexes can help facilitate Therapy in clients. Cognitive neuroscience is a relatively new field of research, and as it is further explored, more educational implications of this field will certainly develop. At its most basic, learning is the process of acquiring memory, but complex neurological processes must take place to transfer newly acquired information to the long-term memory bank, where it can be stored for later use in novel ways. The brain actually has multiple memory systems...
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...There are numerous debates in regards to developmental psychology. One of the main debates to begin with is nature vs nurture; some individuals believe that we are products of our environment while others regards us while others believe that we are products of our genetics. John Locke believes that when we are born we are a “tabula rasa” a blank slate which means that he supports the idea that we are products of our environment and also supports behaviourism. Another debate is continuity v discontinuity, some individuals have created continuity theories and others have created discontinuity theories. Continuity theorists believe that the development of an individual is constantly continuous while discontinuous theorists believe that there are specific periods where individuals develop. For example Freud’s psychosexual stages are a discontinuous theory. There is also an issue of nomothetic vs idiographic; some theorists adopt a nomothetic approach while others adopt an idiographic approach. Individuals that adopt a nomothetic approach create theories based on what we share with others, and find general laws that can be applied to large groups of people, for example behaviourism is a nomothetic approach. On the other hand the idiographic approach goes into large detail for the individual to investigate why we are unique, for example Freud’s theory is an idiographic approach. There are six principle psychological perspectives which are applied to the understanding which includes;...
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...Organic From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Look up organic or organics in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Organic may refer to: Of or relating to an organism, a living entity Of or relating to an organ Contents [hide] 1 Chemistry 2 Farming, certification and products 3 Computing 4 Economics and business 5 Military 6 Law 7 Music 8 Other 9 See also Chemistry[edit] Organic matter, matter that has come from a once-living organism, is capable of decay or the product of decay, or is composed of organic compounds Organic chemistry, chemistry involving organic compounds Organic compound, a compound that contains carbon Farming, certification and products[edit] Organic farming, agriculture conducted according to certain standards, especially the use of stated methods of fertilization and pest control Organic certification, accreditation process for producers of organic products Organic clothing, clothing produced from organic fibers such as organic cotton Organic horticulture, the science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, or ornamental plants by following the essential principles of organic agriculture Organic food, food produced from organic farming methods and often certified organic according to organic farming standards Organic baby products, organic products intended for babies and toddlers Organic wine Organic movement, movement of organizations...
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...AND SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION http://www.literature.freeservers.com/image_polat/ccfsla.html | The Critical Period Hypothesis | Neurological Considerations Psychomotor Considerations Cognitive Considerations Affective Considerations Linguistic ConsiderationsIn the Classroom: The Audiolingual Method | The increased pace of research on first language acquisition in the 60s and 70s attracted the attention not only of linguists of all kinds but also of educators in various language-related fields. Today the applications of research findings in first language acquisition are widespread. In language arts education, for example, it is not uncommon to find teacher trainess studying first language acquisition, particularly acquisition after age 5, in order to improve their understanding of the task of teaching language speaker to native speakers. In foreign language education most standard text and curricula now include some introductory material in first language acquisition. The reason for this are clear: We have all observed children acquiring their first language easily and well, yet the learning of second language, particularly in an education setting, often meets with great difficulty and sometimes failure. We should therefore able to learn something from a systematic study of that first language learning experience. The purpose of this chapter is to set forth explicity some of the paramters for comparing and contrasting the two types of language acquisition. The first...
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...Darwin gene frequency modification generation by generation creates change species- groups reproductive members are compatible freud 1856-1939 psychoanalysis human nature motivated by innate biological inner dynamics id-primative hedonistic component ego- the conscious reality oriented component super-ego the ego ideal conscious plus morality principle death instinct- destructive aggressive impulses life insticts- impulses having to do with survival food water sex psychological stages oral stages- birth to 1.5 oral gratification anal stage- 1-3 stinginess and stubbornness fixation hung up in stage phallic stage 3-6 erogenous zone shifts to gentiles Oedipus electra complexes latency 5-12 sexual impulses are dormant genital 12 onward primacy of sexual impulses erik erikson 1902-1994 trust vs mistrust the world is safe autonomy vs shame 1-3 dress toilet move outside family initiative vs guilt 3-6 learn to cope with wider world industry vs inferiority 6-12 goes to school intimacy vs isolation development of sexual intimacy character learn to be good person choices from habit inhibitions satisfaction kagan standards for behavior formed in childhood. Guilt anger shame beauty by 4yrs reinforced by family friends peers emotions are at the foundations of attachment. In place by elementary school 29JAN13 skinner 1904 1990 behaviorism stimulus pattern reward interested in nature of reinforcement and response is the behavior observable response...
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...into two groups. > one group he returned to the goose to be hatched by her. > the other group was hatched in an incubator 3. He marked the goslings and then placed both groups under a box. Mother goose and "mother" lorenz stood aside as the box lifted. Each group of goslings went directly to its "mother." lorenz called this process imprinting. Imprinting…. * It is the rapid, innate learning that involves attachment to the first moving objects seen. Contributions of ethological theory 1. focus on the biological and evolutionary basis of development 2. the use of careful observations in naturalistic settings Criticisms 1. too much emphasis on biological foundations 2. a belief that the critical and sensitive period concepts might be too rigid. Noam Chomsky Noam Chomsky is perhaps the best known and the most influential linguist of the second half of the Twentieth Century. He has made a number of strong claims about language : in...
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