A2 level Biology notes

By bssjonny

Contents

A2 level Biology notes 1
Contents 2
Section 1.1 – Populations and ecosystems 2
Section 1.2 – Investigating Populations 3
Section 1.3 – Variation in population size 4
Section 1.4 / 1.5 – Competition / Predation 5
Section 1.6 – Human Populations 6
Section 2.1 – Energy and ATP 8
Section 3.1 + 3.2 – Photosynthesis and the light dependent reaction 10
Section 3.3 – The light – independent reaction 11
Section 3.4 – Factors affecting photosynthesis 12
Section 4.1 – Glycolysis 13
Section 4.2 – Link reaction + Kreb cycle 14
Section 4.3 – Electron transport chain 15
Section 4.4 – Anaerobic respiration 16
Section 5.1 – Food chains and food webs 17
Section 5.2 – Energy transfer between trophic levels 18
Section 5.3 – Ecological pyramids 19
Section 5.4 – Agricultural ecosystems 20
Section 5.5 – Chemical and biological control of agricultural pests 21
Section 5.6 – Intensive rearing of domestic livestock 22
Section 6.1 – The carbon cycle 23
Section 6.2 - The greenhouse effect and global warming 24
Section 6.3 – The nitrogen cycle 25
Section 6.4 – Use of natural and artificial fertilisers 26
Section 6.5 – Environmental consequences of using fertilisers 27
Section 7.1 – Populations and Ecosystems 28
Section 7.2 – Conservation of habitats 29
Section 8.1 – Studying inheritance 30
Section 8.2 – Monohybrid inheritance 31
Section 8.3 – sex inheritance and sex linkage 32
Section 8.4 + 8.5 – Co – dominance and multiple alleles + hardy Weinberg 33
Section 8.6 – Selection 34
Section 8.7 – Speciation 35

Section 1.1 – Populations and ecosystems

Ecology

The study of inter-relationships between organisms and their environment
Abiotic – non