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Biology Test Prep

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BIOLOGY 100 REVIEW SHEET #3

Please read before you use this study guide:
The review sheet may not include all the information that is required for the exam. It is just a supplementary material. You should focus mainly on the lecture notes and the textbook as reference.

1. Define endocrine, paracrine and autocrine.

2. What are the two types of hormones? Which of the two are faster? Describe the mechanisms of how they work toward its target cell to produce a response.

3. What is ADH and oxytocin? Where is it produced? Where it is stored? What is considered the master gland of the body which controls various other glands/parts of the body with the hormones produced from this structure?

4. What structure of the body is thyroxin secreted from? Where is this structure located? What does thyroxin do? If you have too much or too little of this hormone, what is it termed and what are some symptoms associated with each of these terms.

5. What structure secretes parathyroid hormone and where is it located? What does this hormone do?

6. What is the name of the gland located on top of the kidneys? What hormones are secreted here? What is the function of cortisol?

7. What is the name of the cells that secrete insulin in the pancreas? What is the function of insulin? What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes and which one is more prevalent in today’s society? What are the name of the cells that secrete glucagon in the pancreas and what is glucagon’s function?

8. What is the name of the gonad for the male and female, respectively? What is the function of follicle stimulating hormone in males and females? What is the function of estrogen and progesterone in females and the function of testosterone and progesterone in males?

9. Understand the pathways of mitosis and meiosis. How many daughter cells do you get in mitosis and in meiosis? How many chromosomes are in a daughter cell of a product of mitosis and meiosis? How many chromosomes are in a sperm cell and an egg cell?

10. What is semen made up of? Where in the male reproductive system are these components made from? Know the structure of a sperm cell and its life span.

11. Where in the female reproductive system does fertilization occur? The egg that is ovulated needs to be fertilized within how many hours after ovulation have taken place?

12. What is the base pairing rule of nucleotides in DNA?

13. What are the different forms of a gene called on a chromosome? Know what dominant/recessive alleles are and homozygous/heterozygous alleles.

14. What is a carrier defined as? What are two recessive disorders that are sex-linked? What are some autosomal dominant/recessive orders?

15. What are the 4 phenotypes of blood? What are the 3 alleles? What are the 6 possible genotype options of blood?

16. What are some causes of cancer? What can you do to avoid it? What are some signs of cancer? What are some types of cancer?

17. What is the difference between a normal cell and a cancer cell?

18. Describe how a viral infection can cause cancer?

19. What is evolution? What is the basic concept of survival of the fittest?

20. What is the function of the ozone layer? What is the function of greenhouse gases? What occurs if you have too much of this?

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