...Should the global super powers lead an effective way in developing renewable energy? Global super powers rely heavily on energy, so therefore they should develop and fund renewable energy sources. Small countries have a smaller need. They do not have as much capital, so they rely on the global superpowers. Renewable energy is the cleanest way to keep earth clean and free of pollution. Global powers have the resource to advance renewable energy quickly. They have professional people, machinery, technology, money know-how, etc. to make things happen. Different countries in different parts of the world use different kinds of renewable energy. Countries can share with other countries what they’ve learned. This is an effective way to increase renewable energy. The population of the world will greatly benefit from renewable energy. People will be healthier and pollution will be greatly decreased. There will be an ongoing supply of power for every facet of life. Renewable energy must be developed because nonrenewable energy is becoming expensive and environmentally damaging to retrieve. Renewable resources are constantly replenished and will never run out. A clean energy revolution is taking place among global super powers. This generates hundreds of billions in economic activity, and is expected to continue to grow rapidly in the coming years. This...
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...Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally replenished). About 16% of global final energy consumption comes from renewables, with 10% coming from traditional biomass, which is mainly used for heating, and 3.4% from hydroelectricity. New renewables (small hydro, modern biomass, wind, solar, geothermal, and biofuels) accounted for another 3% and are growing very rapidly. The share of renewables in electricity generation is around 19%, with 16% of global electricity coming from hydroelectricity and 3% from new renewables. China has been identified to be the world's largest consumer of energy. The country is poised to spend $473.1 billion on clean energy investments in the next five years. The planned investment is part of China's 12th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development (2011-2015) which aims for an installed solar energy capacity of 10 gigawatts by the end of the period. China also wants 20 per cent of its total energy demand to be met by wind and solar by 2021. A report from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) notes that in 2010, the world's second-largest economy (China), led all nations investing in renewable energy, with $49.8 billion in funds. China had been ranked as the world's largest consumer of energy surpassing, the U.S. and EU. In the next 25 years, 90 per cent of the projected growth in global energy demand will come from non-core economies...
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...discuss how energy can be converted from one form to another, giving specific examples. The ability to do work is how energy can be defined. “Energy is never created or destroyed. Energy can be converted from one form to another but the total energy remains constant” (Tillery, Enger, & Ross, 2009, p.65). There are various forms of energy and terms are used to distinguish one from the other. There are not different kinds of energy even though there are various forms. These five different forms of energy are categorized as mechanical, chemical, radiant, electrical and nuclear. Mechanical energy is a combination of potential and kinetic energy resulting from the force of gravity or the movement or release of a machine component. An example of mechanical energy would be bowling ball (kinetic energy) striking a pin and displacing it (potential energy). Chemical energy is a form of potential energy that is absorbed or released by chemical reactions. Dried wood stores chemical energy and when burned, releases chemical energy that converts to heat and light. Radiant energy is energy that travels through space. An example of radiant energy would be light. The light from the sun makes it possible for living things to live on earth by providing fuel and warmth. Electrical energy is a form of energy from electromagnetic interactions. Electrical energy is the presence and flow of an electric charge. Lightning or a light bulb would be examples of electrical energy. Nuclear energy is regarded...
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...effect. * Produces huge amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel. * Produces small amounts of waste. * Nuclear power is reliable. | Hydroelectricity 1. Using this type of energy to generate electricity is not dependent upon the price of uranium, oil, or other types of fuel. This makes electricity costs lower and more stable, one of its most significant advantages. 2. The pollution created by hydroelectric energy generation is quite minimal. There is some pollution involved in initially constructing the power stations, but this is true of all power plants. It also does not produce radioactive waste or involve the environmental impact of fuel being transported to it. 3. It doesn't require many employees to run a hydroelectric station. According to wikipedia.org, most plants of this type are largely automated. This is another one of the advantages which help keep the cost of hydroelectricity low. 4. Hydroelectric power stations can be set up in almost any size, depending upon the river or stream used to operate them; big enough to power a single home, factory, small town, or large city. 5. Another of its advantages is that hydroelectric is a renewable form of energy, like wind and solar; it does not rely upon finite resources like natural gas or coal to generate power. 6. Hydroelectric stations can operate for many years after they are built. Wikipedia.org states that a number of operational hydro stations were constructed fifty to one-hundred years ago; in contrast to...
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...Electricity Generation by Hybrid Biomass Power Plant From Waste For Bangladesh Md. Rakibul Islam Monshy Department of Electric Engineering & Computer Science North South University, Dhaka Abstract- Hybrid renewable Biomass Power is becoming popular for remote area power generation applications due to advances in renewable energy technologies and subsequent rise in prices of petroleum products. A hybrid energy system usually consists of two or more renewable energy sources used together to provide increased system efficiency as well as greater balance in energy supply. Hybrid renewable energy systems is one of the most promising applications of renewable energy technologies in remote areas, where the cost of grid extension is prohibitive and the price of fossil fuels increase drastically with the remoteness of the location. It has been demonstrated that hybrid energy systems can significantly reduce the total life-cycle cost of stand-alone power supplies in many situations, while at the same time providing a more reliable supply of electricity through the combination of energy sources. Applications of hybrid systems range from small power supplies for remote households providing electricity for lighting or water pumping and water supply to village electrification for remote communities. Mixed combinations of renewable energy systems are also possible, that is applications where different renewable energy technologies are applied in one location without the systems being...
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...a dehydration reaction withsulfuric acid to minimise the introduction of new impurities, as impurities can be removed from the sugar in advance. The resulting soft, brittle, lightweight, black, porous material resembles coal. Subtitle: A Boise State University study proves that low-energy feedstocks can be densified and when combusted produce heat output comparable to higher energy content fuels. By Owen McDougal, Seth Eidemiller, Nick Weires. November 23, 2010 By the way, according to one of those online dictionaries, “feedstock” refers to “the raw material that is required for an industrial process.“ Intro Research at Boise State University in Idaho, explored both the caloric content and shape to optimize burn efficiency of the biobriquettes. The energy content of briquettes ranged from 4.48 to 5.95 kilojoule per gram (kJ/g) depending on composition, whereas the energy content of sawdust, charcoal and wood pellets ranged from 7.24 to 8.25 kJ/g. Biobriquettes molded into a hollow-core cylindrical form exhibited energy output comparable to that of traditional fuels. The study demonstrates that low-energy content feedstocks can be composted, pressed and combusted to produce heat output commensurate with higher energy content fuels. A calorific donut stands up to charcoal. This is an interesting statement considering the highest calorific value they report for the...
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...MIT Portugal Program on Sustainable Energy Systems – Energy, Environment and Sustainability, 2011-2012 1 ENERGY & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Cristina I. F. Andrade FEUP University of Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n 4200-465, Porto, Portugal. Phone: +351225081895, Fax: +351225081503 Summary: In this paper it's done an approach of the different kind of concerns of developing and developed countries to lead to sustainable development. It has a first chapter about the roles for development, after one about sustainable development with an analysis of a triangle of sustainable development and indicators. It‟s also talked the main utilizations of the energy, about the points where we can act and another chapter about energy on households on developing and developed countries. In the end there are presented some proposals and case studies about energy on households. 1. INTRODUCTION Being energy one of the most important cornerstones of the world development, through energy we can determine the development state of each country. Sustainable development would be the greatest goal to achieve on the global world, but we have some setbacks to understand, in one hand we have social concerns to resolve on the developing countries, that need energy supply to develop their economies and provide better lifestyle and on another hand we have environmental problems on developed countries due to the big demand of energy, consequently less clean energy. Due to social behaviors, the inequalities...
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...Assignment 1 Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Resources for Generating Electricity Question 1 Define the following terms: a) Non-renewable resources Most developed nations are dependent on the non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuels (coal and oil) and nuclear power. It means that a resources that is replaced slowly by natural earth processes in such a way that once used by people, it will not be available again within a useful time frame. Example of non-renewable resources includes oil, coal, rocks, and minerals. b) Renewable resources Renewable resources have become a focal point of the environmental movement, both politically and economically. Energy obtained from renewable resources puts much less strain on the limited supply of fossil fuels (non-renewable resources).It mean that a resource that is quickly replaced or recycled by natural processes in a time frame that makes it useful for human consumption or use. Examples are include cotton, wood, solar energy, water. Some renewable resources have essentially an endless supply, such as solar energy, wind energy and geothermal pressure, while other resources are considered renewable even though some time or effort must go into their renewal, such as wood, oxygen, leather and fish. c) Hydroelectricity It is a renewable energy source where power is derived from the energy of water moving from higher to lower elevations. Hydropower (from hydro, meaning water) is energy that comes from the force of moving...
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...progress is power. And this has been a major discuss in the country for a long time. A reliable and sustainable energy source is greatly desired to power the nation’s economy and this need cannot be overemphasized, due to the epileptic power supply to the national grid, it has become absolutely important to explore other cheap sources of power to meet our urban and rural energy need. This will in no small measure support our national grid and reduce rural-urban drift. The heavy dependence on gas generated by the Nigeria National Petroleum Co-operation (NNPC) to power our turbines at our gas plants often exposes the country to power outage due to high cost of maintenance and vandalism. Applying biomass technology to generate power can help the country develop its energy sector more rapidly as the raw material needed to feed the Bioenergy plants are almost everywhere in the country some are mere waste such as agricultural and domestic waste. The focus of this paper is on the use of bioenergy to alleviate the poverty rate in Nigeria especially in the rural areas where there is large amount of Lands and biomass material. Developing the bioenergy strength of the country also creates wealth and employment opportunity in the country; generate electricity and the production of domestic cooking gas across the rural and urban settlements in the country. 1. INTRODUCTION Energy is the mainstay of Nigeria’s economic growth and development. It plays a significant role in the nation’s international...
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...PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL Porter identified five competitive forces that shape every single industry and market. These forces help us to analyze everything from the intensity of competition to the profitability and attractiveness of an industry. It has become a frequently used tool for analyzing a company's industry structure and its corporate strategy. Factors associated with industry structure have been found to play a dominant role in the performance of many companies, with the exception of those that are its notable leaders or failures. As such, one needs to understand these factors at the outset before delving into the characteristics of a specific firm. Michael Porter, a leading authority on industry analysis, proposed a systematic means of analyzing the potential profitability of firms in an industry known as Porter’s “five forces” model. According to Porter, an industry’s overall profitability, which is the combined profits of all competitors, depends on five basic competitive forces. • Intensity of rivalry among incumbent firms • Threat of new competitors entering the industry • Threat of substitute products or services • Bargaining power of buyers • Bargaining power of suppliers Figure here shows the relationship between the different competitive forces. THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS The easier it is for new companies to enter the industry, the more cutthroat competition there will be. Factors that can limit the threat of new entrants...
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...Fossil Fuel vs. Renewable Energy: Which is More Environmentally Safe? Cassandra Bohaychyk ENG-122 Professor Welsh June 23, 2013 Fossil Fuel vs. Renewable Energy: Which is More Economical and Environmentally Safe? While both have vital uses in the U.S, oil energy and renewable energy are pitted against each other as the main focuses of resources in the U.S environmental policy because each has an effect on the environment. Renewable energy is constant and can be found all over the nation, but may be costly in different ways. Fossil fuels may be a natural resource but are a one-time use that could eventually become obsolete, and could also be costly. Demonstrating in this research is a plethora of information leading to the outcome of the U.S environmental policy, and whether fossil fuels or renewable resources are best for the environment. Fossil Fuels include coal, petroleum (oil), and natural gas are concentrated organic compounds created from remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago formed into biomass. The refining and consumption of these resources have a massive impact on the environment and will eventually be exhausted. According to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), fossil fuels meet around 82% of U.S. energy demand. According to the Institute for Energy Research, oil is the “transportation fuel” that makes all modern modes of transportation possible and moves both people and goods around the world. Once the products of...
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...sUstainable energy investment 2010 Analysis of Trends and Issues in the Financing of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency United nations environment Programme Endorsed by Copyright © United Nations Environment Programme and New Energy Finance, 2010 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. Disclaimer United Nations Environment Programme: The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Moreover, the views expressed do not necessarily represent the decision or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, nor does citing of trade names or commercial processes constitute endorsement. Bloomberg New Energy Finance: The information contained in this publication is derived from carefully selected public sources we believe...
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...Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat. Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas: electricity generation, air and water heating/cooling, motor fuels, and rural energy services. Based on REN21's 2014 report, renewables contributed 19 percent to our global energy consumption and 22 percent to our electricity generation in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Both, modern renewables, such as hydro, wind, solar and biofuels, as well as traditional biomass, contributed in about equal parts to the global energy supply. Worldwide investments in renewable technologies amounted to more than US$214 billion in 2013, with countries like China and the United States heavily investing in wind, hydro, solar and biofuels. Renewable energy resources exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. Rapid deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency is resulting in significant energy security, climate change mitigation, and economic benefits. In international public opinion surveys there is strong support for promoting renewable sources such as solar power and wind power. At the national level, at least 30 nations around the world already have renewable energy contributing more than 20 percent of energy supply. National renewable energy markets...
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...executed over 36 major projects and currently working on the world’s first Short rotation woody crop (SRC) harvester. The Management Team members have strong backgrounds in project management, manufacturing, research, analysis, designs and software development. The Australian market continues to have an increasing number of eco-friendly firms looking to enter the market. It must be aware of competition on all levels and maintain its operational performance if it is to retain its status as the world’s first inventor of SRC and its specialty in providing its services and products. The company’s focus on agricultural, food, forestry, water and energy sectors is consistent with the market segment. The current product and service mix is in line with the industry and market forecast. Continual product review, particularly in renewable source...
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...------------------------------------------------- Air pollution From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Bad air quality" redirects here. For the obsolete medical theory, see Bad air. "Air quality" redirects here. For the measure of how polluted the air is, see Air quality index. Not to be confused with Qualities of air. Air pollution from a World War II wartime production plant Air pollution is the introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulates, or biological materials that cause discomfort, disease, or death to humans, damage other living organisms such as food crops, or damage the natural environment or built environment. The atmosphere is a complex dynamic natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on planet Earth. Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earth's ecosystems. Indoor air pollution (see Airlog) and urban air quality are listed as two of the World’s Worst Toxic Pollution Problems in the 2008 Blacksmith InstituteWorld's Worst Polluted Places report.[1] ------------------------------------------------- Pollutants Main articles: Pollutant and Greenhouse gas Before flue-gas desulfurization was installed, the emissions from this power plant in New Mexico contained excessive amounts of sulfur dioxide. Schematic drawing, causes and effects of air pollution: (1) greenhouse effect, (2) particulate contamination, (3) increased UV radiation, (4) acid...
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