...Allison Harvey, Polina Eidelman, and June Gruber's article "The effect of mood on sleep onset latency and REM sleep in interepisode bipolar disorder." volume 118, published in August of 2009, investigates the contributor to disturbed sleep onset latency and rapid eye movement sleep. The investigation was to conclude whether their alternative hypothesis matched the null hypothesis. Two null hypothesis were conducted: The bipolar group would experience longer sol and increased rem activity while in the happy induction mood, and the bipolar group would experience longer sol and increased rem sleep on the sad induction mood. Results were found, and the possibility is high in that there may be a contribution, however we cannot generalize. The methodology was a case study, that was performed through a two sample statistical t test. The subjects were chosen however interviews were taken place to require eligibality, therefore it can be assumed that it was through random selection and the interviews reduced lurking variables of the subjects (how long they have had bipolar disorder, and if the healthy patients were fully healthy), therefore we...
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...Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is described as a mental disorder marked by alternating periods of elation and depression. An experiment concerning emotional reactivity in bipolar disorder has been conducted with the hypothesis stating that the depressive phase in bipolar patients could modify emotional reactivity in comparison to healthy subjects. The methods used for this experiment include IAPS (International Affective Picture System) and SAM (Self-Assessment Manikin). IAPS is considered to be the most reliable and valid research paradigm to assess emotional responses in experiments concerning emotions. SAM is used for rating emotions and putting them on 1-9 scales. The participants chosen for this experiment were 23 bipolar patients with a major depressive episode without manic symptoms (13 females and 10 males), and 27 healthy control subjects (17 females and 10 males). To begin the experiment, ninety color pictures were selected from IAPS that showed events with three varieties of valance, i.e., 30 pleasant events, 30 neutral events, and 30 unpleasant events. The emotional evaluation of pictures was rated on valance and arousal. The participants were instructed to rate how unpleasant or pleasant the image makes you feel using a 1-9 SAM valance scale, as well as rate how emotionally intense or arousing the image makes you feel using a 1-9 SAM arousal scale. The subjects were placed individually in a dimly lit room, and were seated in front of a 15-inch computer...
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...extremely hard when going through a depressing time, and most things feel impossible. When in an energetic time, Tony will be able to get daily tasks done, but sometimes not correctly or all the way. Also, when Tony dose things they can be irrational, and unnecessary. Based on the evidence and symptoms I believe Tony has Bipolar-Disorder. Bipolar disorder is in its own category, it’s between depressive disorders and schizophrenia (Wade, C., Tavris, C. (2017)). Bipolar can cause depressive moods and thoughts and can make you very non-energetic. Bipolar can also make you feel things that are opposite to depression, like being energetic, and keeping you busy....
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...Maligayang Pasko - Breezy Boyz & Girlz Intro: Pasko, pasko (repeat 4x) 1st verse: Ramdam mo ba (ramdam ko na) Ang simoy ng hangin Malambing na, malamig na, Palapit na ang diwa ng kapaskuhan Sa bawat sulok ng mundo Wala nang hihigit pa sa Pasko ng Pilipino (ng Pilipino) Kahit san naroroon Anong saya na makitang may ngiti Sa mukha ng bawat isa Maligaya ang Pasko dahil ang lahat ay nagkakaisa Refrain: Sama-sama sa salo-salo Pagmamahalan walang halong pagtatalo Lahat tayo'y magdiriwang Para sa araw ng Kanyang pagsilang CHORUS: Hindi man ganun kadali ang buhay Hiling ko'y magkaron ng ngiti Tunay na liliwanag ang Pasko Pasko ng bawat Pilipino (Pasko ng bawat Pilipino) San mang sulok ng mundo Maligayang Pasko satin Dahil sama-sama tayo sa munting salo-salo ngayong Pasko. 2nd verse: Maliwanag ang paligid dahil sa mga parol na nagniningning Buksan ang pinto sa mistulang anghel Ang mga batang nangangaroling (batang nangangaroling) Pasko, pasko Pasko na namang muli Pasko, pasko Paskong puno ng ngiti Sa may bahay ang aming bati Awit na maririnig mo palagi Sama-sama sa salo-salo Pagmamahalan walang halong pagtatalo Lahat tayo'y magdiriwang Para sa araw ng Kanyang pagsilang.. CHORUS: Hindi man ganun kadali ang buhay Hiling ko'y magkaron ng ngiti Tunay na liliwanag ang Pasko Pasko ng bawat Pilipino (Pasko ng bawat Pilipino) San mang sulok ng mundo Maligayang Pasko satin Dahil sama-sama tayo sa munting salo-salo ngayong Pasko. Bridge: Sana ngayong Pasko Ay nasa puso mo Ang tunay na regalo...
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...Borderline Personality Disorder or Bipolar Disorder James Tierney University of Maryland University College Abstract Many movies have portrayed characters with either a form of Bipolar disorder or a type of Personality disorder whether it is for dramatic purposes or to engage the viewer into the mindset of a psychological thriller. Whatever their reasoning, more often than not, the portrayal is inaccurate. There is however a film that I have chosen that borderlines accuracy to a degree. Girl Interrupted is based on the memoirs of an actual person who was diagnosed with a borderline personality disorder. Although an adaption of her biography with the usual artistic liberties, it can be used as a case study in the theory of psychology. I intend to show the similarities between borderline personality disorder verses bipolar disorder. Susanna Kaysen, with whom the movie was based, was diagnosed as borderline back in 1967, if she were seen today by a mental health professional, would she now be considered bipolar? Borderline Personality Disorder or Bipolar Disorder Susanna Kayson was a young woman who was admitted into Mclean hospital at age 18 after a suicide attempt. A movie called Girl Interrupted was made chronicling her stay at this hospital. There she was diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. In the movie although they portrayed some of her symptoms accurately, it focused more on her friendship and experiences with other patients instead of her in particular...
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...Bipolar disorder is an illness that cannot be treated, however, with the help of doctors it can be maintained by taking medications and psychotherapy. Bipolar disorder has been around for years, but this is one illness that was not known until the 1850s, still today some people are unaware if they have dipolar disorder or not. Many times doctors may confuse it with depression. Though this may not be the case, there is similar symptoms a patient will have that is similar to depression. This is called a depressive episode; other diagnosis can be manic episodes. As we look into the effects of bipolar disorder, we will find out where this illness comes from and what can we do to help others with this similar case. Bipolar disorder was first...
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...Bipolar disorder or bipolar affective disorder, historically known as manic-depressive disorder, is a psychiatric diagnosis that describes a category of mood disorders defined by the presence of one or more episodes of abnormally elevated energy levels, cognition, and mood with or without one or more depressive episodes. The elevated moods are clinically referred to as mania or, if milder, hypomania. Individuals who experience manic episodes also commonly experience depressive episodes, or symptoms, or a mixed state in which features of both mania and depression are present at the same time.[1] These events are usually separated by periods of "normal" mood; but, in some individuals, depression and mania may rapidly alternate, which is known as rapid cycling. Severe manic episodes can sometimes lead to such psychotic symptoms as delusions and hallucinations. The disorder has been subdivided into bipolar I, bipolar II, cyclothymia, and other types, based on the nature and severity of mood episodes experienced; the range is often described as the bipolar spectrum. Estimates of the lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder vary, with studies typically giving values of the order of 1%, with higher figures given in studies with looser definitions of the condition.[2] The onset of full symptoms generally occurs in late adolescence or young adulthood. Diagnosis is based on the person's self-reported experiences, as well as observed behavior. Episodes of abnormality are associated with...
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...A Day in the Life: Bipolar Disorder Abstract Bipolar Disorder, sometimes referred to as a manic-depressive disorder, is best described as an illness that results in drastic and unpredictable mood swings, energy levels and one’s ability to complete daily tasks. Not to be confused with simply being tired or in a bad mood, the symptoms associated with bipolar disorders are drastic, severe and frightening for many. It can easily annihilate relationships, jeopardize careers and in some cases, those with diagnosed bipolar can attempt and succeed in committing suicide. This paper will take a look at how this illness can affect one’s daily life and what that might mean to an outsider looking in. A Day in the Life: Bipolar Disorder To understand bipolar disorder, one must first understand the dynamics behind the illness. “Bipolar” means literally “two opposite poles” (Mrazek, 2008). Most often, bipolar disorder develops in one’s late teen years or early adulthood and while the official studies insist approximately 1% of the American population suffers from this order, new research suggests that it could be as high as 5% (Hedaya, 2010). According to the National Institute of Mental Health, a full one half of all diagnoses are made before the age of twenty-five (2008). The symptoms vary from one person to the next and what might be considered severe symptoms for one many be easily addressed in another (Das, Olfson, Gameroff, Pilowsky, Blanco, Feder...
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...Criterion B and C task Bi Polar Disorder Bi polar disorder, also known as bipolar affective disorder and in the past as manic depressive illness is a disorder characterized by extreme swings in mood – varying from periods of elevated, overactive, excited behaviour – known as ‘mania’ or ‘hyponia – to periods of deep depression. However, in between these severe mood swings, there are stable periods. The amount of time during which you are stable varies depending on the severity of the disorder. The disorder is rather common, and one in every 100 adults are diagnosed with the condition at one point in their life. Although Bipolar disorders most often develop between the ages of 18 and 24, it is not restricted to that period of time, and can occur at any age. Individuals from all backgrounds are all equally likely to develop bipolar disorder. In the periods of Hypomania, Some people are prone to seeing or hearing things that others around them don't (visual or auditory hallucinations) or unusual, unshared, beliefs (known as delusions). During a period of mania a person suffering from this disorder feels or acts abnormally happy, energetic, or extremely irritable, they make ill-advised and poorly calculated decisions with little to no regards regard to the consequences. In addition, it sometimes causes them to be less aware of the bodies need, such as not feeling hunger, and the need for sleep is also reduced. During the ‘low’ periods of depression there may be crying...
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...Bipolar Disorder Introduction Also known as manic-depressive disorders, bipolar disorder is defined as a psychological state in which a person experiences a mood disorder causing radical alterations in their moods which can vary from manic highs to depressive lows. Elevated levels of either manic and depression are some of the common experiences that are encountered by a person suffering from this order. During the course of this discussion we will look at some of the key aspects that influence the occurrence, causes, signs and symptoms and treatment of this disease. The term "bipolar disorders" already shows that it is not this is a common disease. The disease may be individually very different and take different courses. Always, however, the disease is usually in stages or episodes in which a certain mood prevails. There are two different episodes of illness, the manic episode or depressive episode and the high point or low phase. What is Bipolar Disorder? In the United States over two million people are diagnosed with the psychological problem of bipolar disorder. One of the major reasons behind the unprecedented rise of people suffering from the disorder is contributed by the complications that hinder correct and accurate diagnosis of the disease. It is mainly because of the delay in the diagnostic process that the number of people suffering from the disorder has increased extraordinarily...
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...Bipolar disorder, also called Manic Depression, is defined as a condition in which people go back and forth between periods of a very good or irritable mood and depression. It is a mental illness caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain and can be managed with regular, ongoing, counseling and medication. The “mood swings”, as they are often called, between regular happy moods and depressions can last for days, hours or can be very quick. Bipolar disorder affects both men and women. There is no known cause but the affects usually start between the ages of 15-25 and occurs in people who have relatives or close relations with the same disorder. (Phillips, J.A. 2005) Bipolar disorder can be a frustrating and difficult illness to cope with over a lifetime. Though agitating, it is treatable with the right medication and counseling. Once it is found out that there is an illness, the right combinations of the above mentioned needs to become priority. Maintaining medication a can be challenging because the body sometimes develops an immunity to it. Another hard thing about continued medication is the side effects of it. Because of this and the immunity issue, medication has to be changed periodically. Members of the sufferer’s family are more times than not involved in the counseling sessions that go on. This is a great tactic because it helps the family members get their feelings out on the subject and also helps them find their own ways for coping with their bipolar family member...
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...The Case of Virginia Woolf The Case of Virginia Woolf Mood disorders are a disturbance in an individual’s emotions. These disturbances can cause discomfort or hinder function. One mood disorder is bipolar disorder. In bipolar disorder, depression is accompanied by manic episodes. Bipolar has a generally slow onset. However, the onset of manic episodes may be sudden (Meyer, Chapman, & Weaver, 2009). Evidence shows that an individual’s life history may feature symptoms in childhood or adolescence. These symptoms may become more intense during the lifespan. Many creative individuals, such as Virginia Woolf, were believed to have bipolar disorder. The Case of Virginia Woolf demonstrates the severity of bipolar disorder. Virginia Woolf began exhibiting symptoms of bipolar disorder in her early teens. Virginia was very close to her mother and took her death hard. Around this time, Virginia had what was considered her first breakdown (Meyer, Chapman, & Weaver, 2009). After her father’s death, Virginia had a more extreme breakdown. Virginia suffered from breakdowns during adulthood as well. These breakdowns usually occurred during the final stages of her writing projects. Her husband, Leonard, began to detect when episodes were beginning and enforced rest for Virginia. This helped her from having relapses. However in 1941, Virginia suffered from another attack and took her own life. There are several characteristics related...
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...Bipolar Disorder Introduction Also known as manic-depressive disorders, bipolar disorder is defined as a psychological state in which a person experiences a mood disorder causing radical alterations in their moods which can vary from manic highs to depressive lows. Elevated levels of either manic and depression are some of the common experiences that are encountered by a person suffering from this order. During the course of this discussion we will look at some of the key aspects that influence the occurrence, causes, signs and symptoms and treatment of this disease. The term "bipolar disorders" already shows that it is not this is a common disease. The disease may be individually very different and take different courses. Always, however, the disease is usually in stages or episodes in which a certain mood prevails. There are two different episodes of illness, the manic episode or depressive episode and the high point or low phase. What is Bipolar Disorder? In the United States over two million people are diagnosed with the psychological problem of bipolar disorder. One of the major reasons behind the unprecedented rise of people suffering from the disorder is contributed by the complications that hinder correct and accurate diagnosis of the disease. It is mainly because of the delay in the diagnostic process that the number of people suffering from the disorder has increased extraordinarily...
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...Depression Unipolar and Bipolar Disorders By Laura 04/24/2011 Unipolar and bipolar are as different as their clinical names, uni, meaning one and bi, meaning two. Unipolar is considered a clinical depression that does not go away after a period of just feeling unhappy, or experiencing a sad event. This type of depression can be life altering if untreated, rendering the person that is suffering from it unable to cope with the activities of daily living. Unipolar differs from bipolar as it does not have any history of mania involved. People with unipolar basically suffer depression from mild to severe in nature. On the other hand, people that have bipolar disorder that ignites the feeling of euphoria, the person may have grandiose ideas, believing that idea will be the next billion dollar deal, and nothing can sway that exaggerated thought. People who suffer from bipolar can spend days at a time without sleeping as their mind races with one exaggerated thought after another. This can last for days, weeks, even months, followed by the crash of depression. This can be just as severe and last as long as the manic. There are several symptoms that can occur in unipolar disorder such as fatigue, feeling hopeless, worthless, and having no desire to do anything. In more severe cases even thoughts of suicide can arise. There are different theories to the underlying causes of unipolar disorder, some say it is biologically, environmentally, or psychologically induced...
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...Name Course Name and Number Date Submitted Bipolar disorder Description Bipolar disorder is a major health concern that has drawn interest from the general public, media and the scientific community over the past decade. Bipolar disorder, sometimes referred to as manic-depressive illness is a neurological disorder that causes anomalous changes in energy, mood and ability to function in an individual. The disorder distorts moods and thoughts, interferes with rational thought and incites dreadful behaviors in an individual. Bipolar disorder symptoms often lead to deteriorating results at school and work, damaged relationships and sometimes suicide (Treatment Advocacy Centre 1). Bipolar patients experience moods swings ranging from the lows of depression; extreme sadness, hopelessness and loss of interest in most activities to the highs of mania when one feels full of energy and euphoric. Bipolar disorder is neither a viral, fungal, parasitic nor bacterial disease the disorder is not caused by any pathogen. The disorder is not infectious and cannot be spread from one person to another. Bipolar comordities are classified as either medical or psychiatric. Some of the common comordities of bipolar disorder include Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Anxiety disorders, substance disorder, obesity and metabolic syndrome (Furham and Anthony 254). Epidemiology National Institute of Mental Health (1) estimates that Bipolar disorder affects 5.7 million American adults; this...
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