...weapon is another cases, more impulsive trigger finger when confronted by black men and are more cautious with white. “In our minds, young black men are associated with danger.” This is a result of what happen in Ferguson Michael Brown was and unarmed teenager that was shoot. By putting cam in police car on there body may improve behavior.Even though it remains ubiquitous policies can suppress prejudice that affecting the society. Gerke expresses racial profiling attained student prospect. The “stop and frisk” practice have a great impact on student performance and channeling them into the punitive criminal justice system. He has shown the gender gap, feminist and masculinity between blacks and Latino.In addition, boys masculinity establish...
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...Black Identity in Amiri Baraka’s Dutchman When reading this play or viewing the movie, many would make assumptions that there is a definitive statement on blackness that is solely derived from Clay’s monologue. In such, he passionately argues for murder and anger as the solution to the neurosis of black people. In particular, he says to Lula, “You don't know anything except what's there for you to see. An act. Lies. Device. Not the pure heart, the pumping black heart.” That statement obviously shows a form of black identity, but to argue that this is the central message of the play, does not make sense. To many’s disbelief, Dutchman is not about a search for blackness and defining a socially distinct identity, it is about becoming a man in America. Masculinity defines the ideologies of black nationalists during this time and this is the character that Jones/Baraka is trying to articulate in Dutchman. In Dutchman, Lula and Clay mention the topic of manhood during the dialogue on the train. Clay questions what they are going to talk about “endlessly” and Lula replies “your manhood”. From this exchange in conversation, we can see that Baraka is trying to construct and define black “manhood”. This type of masculinity can be described as tough, assertive, uncompromising and virile in addition to separating ones self from weak and effeminized men. Baraka and the leaders of the Black Power movement associated themselves with such definitions of manhood in order to recuperate some degree...
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...Junot Diaz’s Drown short stories exemplify the struggles of a Dominican Republic immigrant in the United States to achieve the American Dream, the concept of racism and the idea of hyper masculinity pushed upon a young boy growing up. Moreno, Marisel. Debunking Myths, Destabilizing Identities: A Reading of Junot Diaz’s "How to Date a Browngirl, Blackgirl, Whitegirl, or Halfie." Fall2007, Vol. 26 Issue 2. This article is presented with an essay which analyzes the short story "How to Date a Brown girl, Black girl, White girl, or Halfie," by Junot Diaz. It reflects on racial ethics and how one generation can affect another by embedding in our psyche that racism is the fault of our ancestors; as it is something that has been handed down from generation to generation. I chose this article because the racism that the characters faced within Drown is quite similar to the ones faced by immigrants in the United States. There is a racial and ethnic tension among blacks and Hispanics which in some cases turns violent. Examples of this can be found in the short story that gives the name to the novel: Yunior´s mother relates to him of the attacks of African Americans on Hispanics in their neighborhood. Oulahan, Cain W. “The American dream deferred: family separation and immigrant visa adjudications at U.S. consulates abroad”. Marquette Law Review. Summer2011, Vol. 94 Issue 4, p1351-1379. 29p This article expounds...
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...became the first open gay player to enter the NFL draft and eventually would be selected in the draft by the St. Louis Rams. He announced he was gay back in February and ever since them he was the main focal point of the NFL up until the Draft. The main point of this paper is to take basic ideologies such as masculinity, violence, Race, Gender, sexuality or meritocracy, and use these ideologies to analyze how the media portrays Michael Sam. Another point that will be touched upon is how the news media and sport media have different ways of portraying Michael Sam in the media. Methods: The first thing I did to conduct my research was to find 10 media sources that were related to how the media portrayed Michael Sam. In these 10 media sources I was looking for different types of ideologies and how the media used these articles to describe Michael Sam. Once I found 10 media Articles I needed to find 2 more Academic articles. It was going to be hard to find an Academic article on Michael Sam because he announced he was gay in February, so I improvised. When searching for my academic articles I searched for sources that would be associated with Michael Sam such as black masculinity, or an article on changing the way sport reporters examine gay athletes. These articles don’t necessarily talk about Michael Sam but they help give a better...
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...2. Men's Language (Excerpted from The Men's Bibliography: A comprehensive bibliography of writing on men, masculinities, gender, and sexualities, compiled by Michael Flood. 19th edition, 2008. Home URL: http://mensbiblio.xyonline.net/) a) Men and Language Note: Works on boys, literacy and language in education are listed under "Growing up Male" above. Coates, Jennifer. (2003). Men Talk: Stories in the making of masculinities. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers. 1. ‘We was Playing Naked Football the Other Night’: Introduction. 2. ‘Good Story!’: The Formal Characteristics of Male Narrative. 3. ‘So I Thought ‘Bollocks to it’: Men, Stories and Masculinities. 4. ‘Bad as My Mate’: Stories in Sequence. 5. ‘She’d Made Sardines in Aspic’: Women’s Stories, Men’s Stories and the Construction of Gender. 6. ‘I’m Quite Good at Mexican Food’: Men’s Narratives in Mixed Conversation. 7. ‘Still in Shock Weren’t You Darling’: Masculinity and the Heterosexual Couple. 8. ‘There are Problems’: Men’s Talk and Contemporary Masculinities. Cowburn, Malcolm. (2004). Men, masculinities and what men do: the relationship of critique and change (invited review essay). Sexualities, 7, 4 497-501. Edley, N. (2001a). Analysing masculinity: Interpretative repertoires, ideological dilemmas and subject positions. In M. Wetherell, S. Taylor & S. Yates. (eds.), Discourse as data: a guide for analysis (pp. 189-229). London: Sage Publications. Edley, N. (2001b). I. Conversation analysis, discursive psychology...
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...Queer Cinema Essay One Camp and Drag The stylistic choices camp and drag have been around since the 1920’s. Camp is anything that falls under a category of being kitsch, cheesy, melodramatic, or low brow. It also suggests effeminacy. Drag is simply dressing as a gender opposite the gender one identifies with. Therefore, camp and drag are directly related. These elements add to the overall effect of a film and can either hurt or hinder the success of a film. There are strong elements of both in Johnny Guitar. Johnny guitar is a 1954, Western film that challenges the roles of women in the wild west. The film had a mediocre reception even though it stars film legend Joan Crawford. The story focuses on Crawford’s character Vienna who has builds a saloon out side of town and wants to build her own town once the railroad is built. However, the town’s people, led by Emma Small want her gone. So, Vienna hires Johnny Guitar for protection. This inciting incident is where the story begins. Throughout the trials and tribulations the characters face, camp and drag fuel the plot and the interactions between the characters. Elements of camp and drag are evident through the environment, and scenery and, and Vienna’s wardrobe. Johnny Guitar is essentially a western, however the scenery slightly disagrees. There are two instances where the scenery does not adhere to the rules of a western film. The first is Vienna’s saloon and the second is the Dancing Kid and his gang’s hideaway....
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...something given by God, which means that gender cannot be changed. Most scholars would perceive such theory as Gender Classification by Nature. Other argue that gender is a result of modification and influence of the shape of social institution that constructs and develops its profile on an individual. Thus, gender is based on social-view perception instead of being given and determined biologically. Gender also is recongnised as being derived from Nurture (Nurture Theory). This essays attempts to discuss the application of the above mentioned theories and ideas related to the writer’s social environment and cultural background in Indonesia, where gender is considered as a term derived naturally from God and granted as it is through biological status. Due to globalization and influence of international culture in Asian countries, this notion of gender has changed. In Indonesia, the interpretation of gender has been developed through social constructivism. In conclusive remarks, the essay will...
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...Essay 1 In the Jim Crow South, the convict lease system was used to disenfranchise black people, both male and female. Although black men outnumbered black women in the system, black women were uniquely affected in ways that both belittled and warped their identities as both black and female. In the convict lease system, white women were exempt from system while black women were not, black women endured the paradox of assuming traditional female roles while being regarded as not female, and black women were portrayed as sexual fiends but received unwanted sexual abuse from their prison guards. For white people, the term “black woman” was a “oxymoronic statement” in that the term “black” negated the term “woman.” This view can best be scene in the judicial dealings of the white Martha Gault and the black Eliza Cobb. Cobb, who was arrested and convicted under circumstantial evidence of infanticide, was painted as idiotic and monstrous by those arguing in for her pardonment. On the other hand, Gault was charged with intent to murder and theft of an automobile with “damning judicial commentary,” but, based on her apparent femininity, the judge conceded “she...
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...Education inequalities and achievements In this essay different in educational achievements of social groups including class, gender and ethnicity as well as difference in achievement caused by out of school factors and in school factors will be discussed. Education has had a huge impact to peoples lives and there is a significant difference in the educational achievement based class, ethnicity and gender. A child`s social background has a huge impact on the success in education and their life in future. On average children from middle class families perform well in school, get better GCSE results, stay longer in full time education than children from the working class families. Majority of children from middle class families will go to university compared to the children from working class families. Statistics show that 77% of students from parents with higher professional jobs will achieve 5 or more GCSE, 66% from parents with lower professional, 40% from parents with intermediate jobs and 33% from parents with routine jobs or unemployed, reason being that most middle class parents will afford to take children to private schools or pay for private tuition (webb, r etal2008). We operationalize the concept of class in school by using the access of free school meals (FSM), which is offered to children whose parents get unemployment benefit and come from deprived areas. There is a huge difference in education attainment between pupil receiving FSM and not receiving FSM, Statistics...
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...Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess the claim that gender differences in educational achievement are primarily ‘the result of changes in wider society’ (30 marks) Girls have rapidly improved, compared to boys, in terms of educational achievement, as Item A states, since the 1980’s. In Key Stages 1-3, girls consistently do better than boys in writing subjects such as English; at GCSE, girls are 10 percentage more likely than boys to achieve five or more A*-C grades; at AS/A-level, girls are more likely to get higher grades. Additionally, at each stage of a pupil’s education, the gap gets narrower. Therefore, more girls go into higher education. However, this is not the case for boys as there are in changes in the both the education system and wider society. As item A suggests, there are many external factors resulting in gender differences in educational achievement. One factor is the impact of Feminism. Since the 1960’s, feminists have challenged patriarchy by creating the ‘Feminist Movement’. This has help to improve the rights of women, as well as raise expectations and the self-esteem of women. Although many would agree that true equality with males has not yet been achieved, women have now started to reject the traditional stereotypes of women such as the ‘mother and housewife role’. For example, in McRobbie’s study of girls’ magazines shows how girls view of themselves have changed. She found that in the 1970’s, girls emphasised the importance of getting married...
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...Burke, Marion C. “ FEATURED ARTICLE: Zora Neale Hurston's Sweat and the Black Female Voice: The Perspective of the African-American Woman.” Inquiries Journal for Social Science, Arts and Humanities, vol. 4, no. 5, 1 May 2012, www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/646/zora-neale-hurstons-sweat-and-the-black-female-voice-the-perspective-of-the-african-american-woman. This text talks about the terrible ordeal Delia passes through as result of being married to an unkind man in Sykes. Although Delia works hard and tries to provide for the family, Delia continually suffers in her abusive marriage because of her husband Sykes who is both physically violent and mentally abusive towards her. Sykes also derives joy in torturing Delia and brings this to a climax through the use of a snake. The text also talks about Delia also suffering in a marriage where her husband is out rightly unfaithful and has an open affair with another woman. This...
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...Essay # 2 “Based off of my already conceptualized knowledge of the word, I would have to say that a feminist is a person who strongly supports female rights.” This is a quote from my introduction paragraph of the first essay we wrote for this class. Having been in this class and read the works written by feminist authors, I have a better understanding of what a feminist actually is. I also have a better understanding of my identification with feminism. Feminism is an ongoing collection of movements and ideologies that advocate for the betterment of women and a feminist is someone who supports this idea. However, my answer still remains the same as it did; I do not identify as a feminist. It would be an insult to feminist leaders for me to call myself one. I support feminist ideas and feel as though women have been oppressed and still are oppressed, but I am not an active supporter, therefore I would not call myself a feminist. I feel as though a feminist is someone who is active in their support for the movement, i.e. advocating for women by either teaching, writing, protesting, or doing things of that nature to improve the treatment of women. There is a major difference in saying that you support feminism and actually doing something to show that support. To further explain my understanding of feminism, I want to uncover the different layers of oppression that women face. While in the 1900’s the goal of feminism was for women to receive equal treatment to men, feminism is...
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...50 Key Concepts in Gender Studies Jane Pilcher & Imelda Whelehan Fifty Key Concepts in Gender Studies i Recent volumes include: Key Concepts in Social Research Geoff Payne and Judy Payne Key Concepts in Medical Sociology Jonathan Gabe, Mike Bury and Mary Ann Elston Forthcoming titles include: Key Concepts in Leisure Studies David Harris Key Concepts in Critical Social Theory Nick Crossley Key Concepts in Urban Studies Mark Gottdiener The SAGE Key Concepts series provide students with accessible and authoritative knowledge of the essential topics in a variety of disciplines. Cross-referenced throughout, the format encourages critical evaluation through understanding. Written by experienced and respected academics, the books are indispensable study aids and guides to comprehension. JANE PILCHER AND IMELDA WHELEHAN Fifty Key Concepts in Gender Studies SAGE Publications London • Thousand Oaks • New Delhi iii © Jane Pilcher and Imelda Whelehan 2004 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the Publishers. SAGE Publications Ltd 1 Oliver’s Yard 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP SAGE Publications Inc 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320 SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd B-42 Panchsheel Enclave Post Box 4109 New Delhi 100 017 British Library...
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...TMA 01 Clare Swan - (B6446618) Outline some of the ways in which inequalities have been made and remade in South Wales. In this essay I will be looking at the inequalities, which is the unequal distribution of valued social resources within a society or between societies and how they have been and remade. I shall be looking at the legacy of coal, gender inequality and the redevelopment of Cardiff Bay. The presence of coal affected many aspects of life. Many different people earned their livelihoods through coal, directly or indirectly. Shops served a thriving community. There were clear inequalities between the roles of the woman and the men. The work in the deep mines constructed a particular sort of masculinity, of the miner being necessarily a physically strong person coping with heavy work, dirt and dust. This was linked with the feeling of honour and being the bread winner. Wives were based at home taking supporting roles to husbands and children. The 1984/5 miners strike marked the transformation of the traditional roles of women and men. Barbra Williams, the wife of a miner tells us that woman were good enough to work behind the bar at the Meardy Social Club but they were not able to sit within the bar. At the same time, both woman and men came together in solidarity during the miners strike. The strike resulted in a high-profile role for the miners’ wives. Whilst the men were on strike the miners’ wives like Barbara Williams felt they had to take action...
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...conscience however popular fashion media is generally lead by patriarchal agenda to promote violence against women and male dominance in it advertising. The case studies of focus for this essay are the 2010 Calvin Klein and 2007 Dolce and Gabbana advertising campaigns. Both adverts display extreme sexualised violence against women by a group of men. The adverts show a women who is being held down by a oppressive male hand, while four men gaze at her. The same gaze at which English aristocrats would look at the the exotic women of Turkey in oil painting or how 21st century men look at women in internet pornography. The idea of wealth and sexual violence being linked in popular culture is a common place and I will also explore how the idea of wealthy is linked to women and their sexuality. Throughout art history women have been depicted from male perspective as weaker, passive receivers of violence and object of a sexual gaze. This can be seen up to the modern day with the movie such as ‘Fifty Shades of Grey’. The Dolce and Gabbana advert 2010 is a prime example of the power struggles between men and women in modern media. In the advert you have four wealthy looking men in what appears to be a cold, expensive pool side location. The industrial, cool, clean look is a typical of masculinity and is actively oppressive of femininity such as the industrial...
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